Effect of the composition and degree of crosslinking on the properties of poly(l‐lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane blends

Poly(l ‐lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane (PLLA/CPU) blends which were prepared via reactive blending of PLLA with poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL), glycerol and 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate showed excellent toughness. The effects of the composition of the mixture and degree of crosslinking of CPU on the toughness of the PLLA/CPU blends (80/20 w/w) were studied in detail. Dynamic mechanical analysis and rheological measurements were used to characterize the structure of the in situ formed CPU in the PLLA matrix. A novel netlike phase structure was observed when the average molecular weight of PCL and degree of crosslinking were 1 kDa and 10%, respectively. The impact strength of the blend was enhanced from 2.2 kJ m^?2 for pure PLLA to 62.4 kJ m^?2; meanwhile, the elongation at break was increased to 489.8%. Therefore, the mechanical properties of PLLA/CPU blends can be easily tailored by tuning the composition of the mixture and the degree of crosslinking of CPU. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Seeing is believing? When scanning electron microscopy (SEM) meets clinical dentistry: The replica technique.

In restorative dentistry, the in situ replication of intra‐oral situations, is based on a non‐invasive and non‐destructive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation method. The technique is suitable for investigation restorative materials and dental hard‐ and soft‐tissues, and its interfaces. Surface characteristics, integrity of interfaces (margins), or fracture analysis (chipping, cracks, etc.) with reliable resolution and under high magnification (from ×50 to ×5,000). Overall the current study aims to share detailed and reproducible information about the replica technique. Specific goals are: (a) to describe detailed each step involved in producing a replica of an intra‐oral situation, (b) to validate an integrated workflow based on a rational sequence from visual examination, to macrophotography and SEM analysis using the replica technique; (c) to present three clinical cases documented using the technique. A compilation of three clinical situations/cases were analyzed here by means the replica technique showing a wide range of possibilities that can be reached and explored with the described technique. This guidance document will contribute to a more accurate use of the replica technique and help researchers and clinicians to understand and identify issues related to restorative procedures under high magnification.     

Tetrahydroindoles as Multipurpose Screening Compounds and Novel Sirtuin Inhibitors

Indoles are privileged structures in medicinal and bioorganic chemistry that are particularly well suited to serve as platforms for diversity. Among many other therapeutic areas, the indole scaffold has been used to design aromatic compounds useful to interfere with enzymes engaged in the regulation of substrate acylation status, such as sirtuins. However, the planarity of the indole ring is not necessarily optimal for all target enzymes, especially when functionalization with aromatic side chains is required. Replacement of flat scaffolds by nonplanar molecular cores dominated by sp³ hybridization is a common strategy to avoid the disadvantages associated with poor solubility and high promiscuity, while covering less-well-explored areas of chemical space. Thus, we synthesized fragment-like tetrahydroindoles suitable for fragment-based drug discovery as well as a well-characterized small library intended as multipurpose screening compounds. For proof of principle, these compounds were screened against sirtuins 1–3, enzymes known to be addressable by indoles. We found that 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-3-carboxamides are potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitors. Compound 16 t displayed an IC₅₀ value of 0.98 μm and could serve as exquisite starting point for hit-to-lead profiling.     

Bond strength and adaptation of pulp capping materials to dentin

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and internal marginal adaptation of pulp‐capping materials to dentin. Flat occlusal deep dentin surfaces were produced and randomly assigned to two groups (sound or artificial caries‐affected dentin). The specimens in each group were assigned to one of seven subgroups according to the materials used: Biodentine, Theracal LC, Ultra‐Blend plus, Calcimol LC, ApaCal ART, EQUIA Forte, and Ionoseal. Buildups (3‐mm inner diameter and 2‐mm deep) were made over the dentin surfaces. The bonded specimens were tested under shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.8 mm/min and fracture modes were determined using a stereomicroscope at 25× magnification. The materials were applied to the pulp floor of prepared Class I cavities and then the cavities were restored with composite resin. Restored molar teeth were subjected to 5,000 thermocycles and sectioned in a bucco–lingual direction. Resin replicas were made to determine the adaptation at the pulp floor with scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were determined among both bond strengths and gap formations of the materials. EQUIA Forte applied to both dentin substrates had a significantly higher SBS than the other materials. The bond strength of each material was not influenced by the dentin condition. Biodentine (3.03%), EQUIA Forte (7.83%), and Theracal LC (13.37%) had lower gap formations compared to other materials but were not significantly different from each other.     

旋挖钻机设备油液智能分析与健康监测

为了对直升机盒段件入水载荷进行分析，开展了模型垂直入水冲击试验，同时采用有限元-光滑粒子流体动力学（finite element method-smooth particle hydrodynamics，简称FEM-SPH）耦合数值方法进行仿真分析，计算了不同材料构型和速度下的过载、压力及应变结果。与试验结果进行对比表明，仿真结果与试验值吻合较好，预测的结构失效破坏模式与试验结果基本一致，可为真实直升机入水冲击的结构设计提供参考。     

Locally one-dimensional-alternating segment explicit–implicit and locally one-dimensional-alternating segment Crank–Nicolson methods for two-dimension parabolic equations

In the paper two new locally one-dimensional alternating segment schemes for solving the 2-D parabolic problems are developed. The parabolic problems can be solved efficiently over decomposed sub-domains. Two schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and numerical experiments show the validity of the schemes.     

聚氨酯硬段含量变化对酪素/聚氨酯乳液及胶膜性能的影响

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG1000)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)等为主要原料,固定酪素与聚氨酯的比例,通过改变聚氨酯硬段含量,制备出系列酪素/聚氨酯乳液(CWPU)。讨论了聚氨酯硬段含量的变化对CWPU状态、胶膜力学性能和热机械性能的影响。结果表明,随着聚氨酯硬段含量增加,聚氨酯分子之间、聚氨酯与酪素分子之间的氢键作用力增大,CWPU的粒径增大,分布变宽,乳液的粒径主要分布在100 nm左右;拉伸性能先增大后减小,硬段含量为64.61%时的拉伸强度达到41.75 MPa,断裂伸长率为344.75%。     

盾构隧道管片衬砌壳-弹簧计算模型研究

针对现有盾构隧道管片衬砌计算模型存在的问题,对管片接头的力学特性进行了分析。认为管片的接头实际应包括管片接缝和对应手孔间的管片部分,采用点弹簧模拟管片接头力学特性实际上是夸大了端部管片的刚度。提出了基于壳-弹簧模式的管片结构的整体环-纵向非连续计算模型,改进了接头的模拟方法。该模型将管片接缝以及对应手孔间管片部分视为一个受力整体,其宽度约为对应手孔之间的弧长,并提出了该接头抗弯刚度的定义方式。由于该模型考虑了管片接头的整体性,计算得到的内力值比梁-弹簧模型计算结果更加准确,且可反映管片结构纵向的受力特征。     

紫外光固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层的合成和性能研究

目的 制备一种紫外光（UV）固化聚氨酯自愈合涂层,并研究其自愈合性能。 方法 以2.4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚丙二醇（PPG）、三羟基聚醚多元醇（HSH330）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为原料,采用两步法合成UV固化丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）。使用红外光谱对合成涂层的化学结构进行表征,使用激光共聚焦显微镜对涂层的表界面性能进行分析,并使用拉力试验机考察涂层的力学性能、自愈合性能及成膜性能。结果 FTIR光谱结果表明,合成的涂层是丙烯酸酯改性聚氨酯涂层（APU）,810 cm–1处存在来自HEMA的—C=C—双键弯曲振动峰,同时涂层仍呈现出明显的聚氨酯化学结构特性。随着HEMA的引入,涂层硬段质量分数从20%增加至40%的过程中,吸水率从36.8%降至3.1%,弹性模量从0.29 MPa增加至8.69 MPa。自愈合性能测试结果表明,随着HEMA的引入,涂层的自愈合率降低,当APU涂层硬段质量分数超过45%后,涂层失去自愈合能力。结论 制备的APU涂层具有优异的耐水性和致密性,由于HEMA含量的增加限制了软段结构的分子链运动和氢键作用,从而削弱了涂层的自愈合性能。     

锚杆静压桩的应用

根据建筑物的实际情况,桩基设计既受到周边环境的制约,又受到经济条件的限制.针对 这一情况,设计中尝试采用锚杆静压桩,可以达到节约投资,缩短工期的效果,对提高工程综合效 益有较大意义.