幼童用智能示警蚕丝被的研发

针对幼童自我控制能力和抵抗力较弱,易因踢被子引发感冒等疾病这一特定场景,通过将微型传感器植入蚕丝被特定部位中,以蓝牙通信方式广播传感器采集到的温度数据,手机APP读取到数据后,利用踢被温度变化逻辑判断模型进行分析,达到设定的逻辑判定条件后,在手机端发出声音和振动示警,开发出能够对踢被进行识别和示警的蚕丝被新产品。最后,根据检测评价指标与方法对试制产品进行了测试。结果显示:在报警时间阈值大于或等于7 min和踢掉全部被子条件下,报警成功率为100%;报警时间阈值偏差延时小于或等于3 min、正常睡眠过程中无误报警;对部分踢被等特殊情况也有一定辨识度。     

Degumming of Tasar silk using imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Abstract

In the present work, degumming of Tasar silk was carried out using novel reagents, the ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulphate [BMIM]HSO₄.The results on weight loss, tensile strength loss and absorbency were compared with soda ash-H₂O₂ method. These treatments were carried out under conventional heating, sonication and microwave irradiation as different techniques of energy input. The ILs showed higher weight loss and absorbency with negligible strength loss as compared to the soda ash-H₂O₂ method, [BMIM]Cl being the most effective with further advantage of working at nearly neutral pH. The treatments under sonication and microwave showed increasingly higher efficiency as compared to the conventional heating. The chemical structure of Tasar silk, as estimated by FTIR spectroscopy, and the crystalline structure, as elucidated by X-ray diffraction, remained unchanged. SEM images showed that the surface of Tasar silk degummed with ILs was smoother. The dye uptake was nearly the same for all degummed samples. A further advantage is accrued by recyclability of ILs, which makes the process cost effective.     

Optimization and surface modification of silk fabric using DBD air plasma for improving wicking properties

It is necessary to study the suitable effect of plasma parameters, such as exposure time and applied voltage on the wicking properties of silk fabrics. Wicking property of silk fabric has been improved by using air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. The plasma treatment has been utilized to modify the surface properties of silk fabrics. Untreated and plasma-treated fabrics have been characterized by contact angle Goniometer, wicking test, Wet-out time, scanning electron microscope, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transforms Infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR) and dye uptake test. The ATR-FTIR characterization shows that the hydroxyl functional group has been increased after plasma treatment of silk fabric. The experimental results of wicking rate and Wet-out time of the plasma-treated silk fabrics have shown significant improvement in hydrophilic properties that could be confirmed by contact angle measurement which is close to 0°. The tensile strength of untreated and plasma-treated fabrics has been measured to confirm the enhanced surface property.     

丝素基双层敷料的制备及其性能

针对丝素蛋白(SF)吸水性差、力学性能不足等问题,以丝素蛋白为基材,亲水性葡萄糖(Glu)和塑化剂甘油(Gly)为辅料,通过冷冻干燥法制备得到SF/Glu海绵,然后通过蒸发溶剂法制备聚氨酯(PU)薄膜。通过医用热熔胶黏合SF/Glu海绵与PU薄膜获得丝素基双层敷料,并对双层敷料的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明:在Gly质量分数为0.5%,PU质量分数为8%,Glu质量分数为10%条件下制备的双层敷料,其吸水率高达自身质量的12.5倍,溶失率低于2%,保水时间延长至11 h;Glu和SF的相容性较好,Glu可使SF维持较稳定的β-折叠结构;制备的双层敷料无细胞毒性,且具有阻菌功能。     

洋葱皮色素的提取及在丝织物中的染色

以紫色洋葱皮为原料用超声波法及质量分数为70%的乙醇溶液提取洋葱皮中的色素,通过正交试验确定洋葱皮色素的最佳提取条件为:料液比1:40,温度50℃,pH=1,时间70 min。以柠檬酸为媒染剂最后通过比较正交试验中的K/S值得出同浴媒染的方式,并确定最佳染色工艺条件:媒染剂质量浓度50 g/L,温度70℃,时间40 min,浴比1:90。     

《蚕丝被》国家标准修订解析及实施建议

近年来蚕丝被产业保持蓬勃发展的良好势头,但也出现了丝绵增重等不良现象。为解决蚕丝被的相关问题,满足高质量发展的要求,有关方面组织开展了国家标准的修订工作。文章介绍GB/T 24252-2009《蚕丝被》国家标准的修订背景及原则,全面解析标准的主要修订内容,着重强调蚕丝被填充物(蚕丝绵)不允许增重,具体指出标准不足之处,初步提出了标准的实施建议,以便于蚕丝被生产、消费、检验等相关方面更好地理解、领会和应用标准,从而推动提高蚕丝被产品质量、规范蚕丝被市场秩序、维护产销双方合法权益,以及促进行业健康稳定发展。     

论楚国丝绸中的蟠龙飞凤纹与商周兽面纹的传承关系

蟠龙飞凤纹出自战国时期马山1号楚墓,构图精巧,装饰华丽,是先秦时期风格独特的纹样类型。通过分析图像中的各个构成元素,分别从题材、构图等角度比较蟠龙飞凤纹和商代、西周青铜器中流行的系列兽面纹,可知楚国丝绸中的蟠龙飞凤纹由兽面纹演变而来,其中延续了商代、西周的文化基因,表现了以北极星为中心、龙凤为辅的星象系统,在题材种类、造型方式、色彩等方面融入了楚人的审美喜好,主要体现了楚人的天体崇拜理念,最终也证明商、西周、楚国的纹样之间存在清晰的传承关系。     

槐米色素和高粱红色素对桑蚕丝织物的拼色研究

为丰富槐米色素和高粱红色素的染色色系,解决其染色色调偏少和配色困难的问题,对这2种染料在桑蚕丝织物上进行不同浓度配比的拼色研究。探讨了直接染色和媒染染色对染色性能的影响,测试了桑蚕丝织物的K/S值及染色牢度。结果表明:槐米色素和高粱红色素具有良好的拼色性能,染色桑蚕丝织物的色光、色深值随着染料浓度配比的变化呈现规律性变化,染色效果较好,可获得多种颜色。媒染染色进一步丰富了色泽,提高了桑蚕丝织物的染色深度和色牢度,各项色牢度均达到3级以上。     

丝素肽增重处理对桑蚕丝结构与性能的影响

为了研究桑蚕丝增重处理的机理以及提高桑蚕丝的利用价值,通过对增重前后桑蚕丝纤维进行场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热稳定性分析(TG)等表征,分析了丝素肽增重处理对桑蚕丝纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:经丝素肽增重处理后,桑蚕丝纤维的横截面结构变得松弛,有空隙;纤维的纵向表面变得粗糙,有条纹;桑蚕丝纤维中各特征吸收峰的强度增强,峰形相应变宽;增重前后桑蚕丝晶型结构没有变化,且增重反应主要发生在无定形区;增重后桑蚕丝热稳定性增加。