小型核桃脱壳分选一体机的设计

核桃不仅营养价值极高,而且核桃壳的药用价值也非常高,国内小企业和家庭在核桃硬壳脱壳加工环节,一般采用人工破壳取仁的方式,这种方式劳动强度大,人工成本高且不卫生;针对这个问题设计了一款小型的硬壳脱壳,壳仁分离分选的机器来提高生产效率,减少成本,提高收入。     

一种新型地雷战斗部的数值模拟研究

针对地雷的毁伤目标和特性,提出一种新颖的多棱柱状药型罩结构,其可看作由八个楔形罩对称排列相邻连接而成。应用非线性有限元软件完成了爆炸载荷下多棱柱状药型罩形成射流过程的数值模拟,结果表明新型药型罩结构能够实现预期设想,形成一股汇聚射流。研究结果为地雷战斗部研究提供了一种新的选择。     

Structural regulation and polishing performance of dendritic mesoporous silica (D-mSiO2) supported with samarium-doped cerium oxide composites

Ceria (CeO₂) particles are prevalent polishing abrasive materials. Trivalent lanthanide ions are the popular category of dopants for enriched surface defects and thus improved physicochemical properties, since they are highly compatible with CeO₂ lattices. Herein, a series of dendritic-like mesoporous silica (D-mSiO₂)-supported samarium (Sm)-doped CeO₂ nanocrystals were synthesized via a facile chemical precipitation method. The relation of the structural characteristics and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performances were investigated to explore the effect of Sm-doping amounts on the D-mSiO₂/Sm_xCe_1?xO_2?δ (x = 0–1) composite abrasives. The involved low-modulus D-mSiO₂ cores aimed to eliminate surface scratch and damage, resulting from the optimized contact behavior between abrasives and surfaces. The trivalent cerium (Ce³⁺) and oxygen vacancy (V_O) at CeO₂ surfaces were expected to be reactive sites for the material removal process over SiO₂ films. The optimal oxide-CMP performances in terms of removal efficiency and surface quality were achieved by the 40% Sm-doped composite abrasives. It might be attributed to the high Ce³⁺ and V_O concentrations and the enhancement of tribochemical reactivity between CeO₂SiO₂ interfaces. Furthermore, the relationship between the surface chemistry, polishing performance as well as the actual role in oxide-CMP of the D-mSiO₂/Sm_xCe_1?xO_2?δ abrasives were also discussed.     

Core–Shell Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is a promising solution for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Because sluggish water oxidation is the bottleneck of water splitting, the design and preparation of an efficient photoanode is intensively investigated. Currently, all known photoanode materials suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: ① low carriers separation efficiency; ② sluggish surface water oxidation reaction; ③ poor long-term stability; ④ insufficient water adsorption and gas desorption. Core–shell configurations can endow a photoanode with improved activity and stability by coating an overlayer that plays energetic, catalytic, and/or protective roles. The construction strategy has an important effect on the activity of a core–shell photoanode. Nonetheless, the mechanism for the improvement of performance is still ambiguous and is worthy of a closer examination. In this review, the successes and challenges of core–shell photoanodes for water oxidation, focusing on synthesis strategies as well as functionalities (facilitating carrier separation, surface reaction promotion, corrosion prevention, and bubble detachment) are explored. Finally, the perspectives of this class of materials in terms of new opportunities and efforts are discussed.     

Chicken nuggets-like core/shell nanosheet arrays as high performance flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor cathode and buckwheat shell as anode

The energy density of a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor (ASC) requires new electrode material with special structure and morphology as a prerequisite for its secured improvement. In this paper, a new morphological exploration of chicken nuggets-like core/shell NiCo₂O₄/MnO₂ (NCM) nanosheet arrays on Ni foam was employed. The application of this special morphology aims to greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode electrode. Additionally, Buckwheat Biochar (BBC) is utilized as the anode while the PVA/KOH thin film is prepared as the separator. The chicken nuggets-like core/shell NCM nanosheet arrays were obtained by a two-step hydrothermal method. A series of characterization methods were carried out to further support the core/shell's well-designed structure and precise composition. The tests exhibited excellent specific capacitance of 593.3 F g^?1 at 5 mA cm^?2 and outstanding cycling stability with a retention of 90% after 10000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled NCM//BBC ASC device indicated a high specific capacitance (239 F g^?1 at the current density of 5 mA cm^?2), this is in due part of the unique architecture of NCM nanosheet arrays and interconnected special porous structure of the BBC and the thin film PVA/KOH. Hence, the assembled ASC device exhibited high energy density (an energy density of 58 Wh·kg^?1 at 3263 W kg^?1) and remarkable cycling stability.     

一种振动颗粒康复仪的噪声分析与降噪设计

对新开发的振动颗粒康复仪的振动噪声控制策略进行了研究。首先,通过对原样机的声强测试分析,确认实施按摩作业的薄壁圆柱桶与颗粒层为主要噪声源;其次,基于有限元方法,对圆柱桶进行了模态分析与振动响应分析,得到了圆柱桶场点处声压级频率响应曲线,构建了对圆柱桶噪声分析的数值仿真模型;最后,进行了试验验证。对现有不锈钢材质圆柱桶的振动传递路径进行了隔振处理分析,变桶底连接为法兰连接,并在法兰与振动平台间增加隔振层。数值仿真结果表明,与原样机相比,场点处声压级降低了约16.7dB。若当筒体材料选用阻尼大、比重小、壁厚大的有机玻璃材料时,基频的提高使结构的固有频率更远离激振频率,仿真发现与原样机相比,场点处声压级有望降低约28.2dB。搭建了改为有机玻璃桶且增加隔振层的试验样机,噪声试验表明:与原样机相比,空桶工作时,噪声降低了约15.2dB(A);加入按摩颗粒后,噪声降低约3.5dB(A)。     

Enhanced electromagnetic wave dissipation features of magnetic Ni microspheres by developing core-double shells structure

Readily oxidization of magnetic particles is a common drawback of these type of materials which reduce their electromagnetic wave dissipation performance. In this study, the magnetic core-double shells structured (Ni/SiO₂/Polyaniline) composite has been developed for protection of the core from oxidation and in consequent improvement the complex permittivity. Solvothermal and in-situ polymerization methods were utilized for decorating Ni micro-particles with SiO₂ and conductive polyaniline polymer respectively. All physico-chemical, magnetic and electromagnetic features were evaluated via XRD, FTIR, XPS, FESEM, VSM and VNA analysis. The double shells composite possesses significant performance in terms of reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth. The results reveal that the maximum dissipation capacity of the double shells composite is – 32.5 dB at 16.5 GHz with 4.5 GHz effective absorption bandwidth and 1.5 mm thickness. Enhancement in microwave dissipation features are arises from synergistic influence of various phenomena such as interfacial polarization, multiple Debye relaxation, natural ferromagnetic resonance and proper impedance matching characteristic. Overall, developing double shells structure on magnetic Ni microsphere particles had a meaningful effect on tuning the microwave absorption performance.     

Co?N graphene encapsulated cobalt catalyst for H2O2 decomposition under acidic conditions

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) has been listed as one of the 100 most important chemicals in the world. However, huge amount of residual H₂O₂ is hard to timely decomposed into O₂ and H₂O under acidic condition, easily resulting in explosion hazard. Here, we reported a core–shell structure catalyst, that is graphene with Co N structure encapsulated Co nanoparticles. Co N graphene shell serves as the active site for the H₂O₂ decomposition, and Co core further enhance this decomposition. Benefiting from it, the H₂O₂ decomposition were close to 100% after 6 cycles without pH adjustment, which increased 6 orders of magnitude compared with no catalyst. At the same time, the O₂ generation reached 99.67% in 2 h with little metal leaching, and ·OH has been greatly inhibited to only 0.08%. This work can cleanly remove H₂O₂ with little deep oxidation and protect the process of H₂O₂ utilization to achieve a safer world.     

碳纳米管@球形氮化碳核壳结构光催化剂的构筑及其性能

以二氰二胺和三聚氯氰为原料，以碳纳米管 (CNT)为核，采用溶剂热法成功制备了一系列不同CNT质量的可见光响应的碳纳米管@球形氮化碳 (CNT@CNMS) 核壳结构催化剂。采用X射线衍射光谱（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电化学阻抗（EIS）和光致发光光谱（PL）等分析方法对催化剂进行了表征。通过电化学表征计算出CNMS的价带与导带位置。结果表明，CNMS均匀的生长到管状CNT表面，形成CNT@CNMS核壳结构；制备的CNT@CNMS核壳催化剂比表面积增大，且可见光吸收性能明显增强。光催化性能试验表明，当CNT质量为20 mg时，制备的催化剂性能最高，反应120 min，4 - 硝基苯酚的降解率高达54.44%，其降解效果明显高于CNMS。该研究对于采用溶剂热法制备核壳结构基氮化碳催化剂治理油田废水中酚类污染物提供了理论基础。