Polymer-Modified Bitumen Using Ethylene Terpolymers

Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is used in various construction applications, especially in motorways. The aim of this study is to improve features of 60/70 penetration grade, modified bitumen used on highways. Increasing the sensitivity to temperature and oxidation resistance are very important points for the modified bitumen. This condition was provided by reacting the carboxylic acid groups in asphaltene with the reactive ethylene terpolymer to form ester. Reactive ethylene terpolymer (RETP) and ethylene terpolymer (ETP) manufactured by DuPont USA were used as additives in this study. Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) graphics and optical pictures of the modified bitumen have been examined. It has been observed that the softening point has increased on the other hand, the penetration and ductility values have decreased according to the test results.     

Surface tailoring of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer via plasma‐polymerized coating of tetramethyldisiloxane

In the research presented here, we explore the use of a low‐energy plasma to deposit thin silicone polymer films using tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) (H(CH₃)₂? Si? O? Si? (CH₃)₂H) on the surface of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer (EPDM) in order to enhance the surface hydrophobicity, lower the surface energy and improve the degradation/wear characteristics. The processing conditions were varied over a wide range of treatment times and discharge powers to control the physical characteristics, thickness, morphology and chemical structure of the plasma polymer films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that pore‐free homogeneous plasma polymer thin films of granular microstructure composed of small grains are formed and that the morphology of the granular structure depends on the plasma processing conditions, such as plasma power and time of deposition. The thicknesses of the coatings were determined using SEM, which confirmed that the thicknesses of the deposited plasma‐polymer films could be precisely controlled by the plasma parameters. The kinetics of plasma‐polymer film deposition were also evaluated. Contact angle measurements of different solvent droplets on the coatings were used to calculate the surface energies of the coatings. These coatings appeared to be hydrophobic and had low surface energies. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoacoustic Fourier‐transform infrared (PA‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the detailed chemical structures of the deposited films. The optimum plasma processing conditions to achieve the desired thin plasma polymer coatings are discussed in the light of the chemistry that takes place at the interfaces. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of ultrasonic oscillation on processing behaviors of PS,EPDM, and PS/EPDM blend

In this study, the extrusion processing behaviors of polystyrene (PS), ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM), and their blend (PS/EPDM, 80/20) were studied by using a special ultrasonic oscillation extrusion system developed in our laboratory. The die pressure and volume flow rate were measured at different ultrasonic intensities and screw rotation speeds. The dependences on ultrasonic intensity of die pressure, volume flow rate, and apparent viscosity of polymers, as well as die swell at the same screw rotation speed were investigated. The effects of screw rotation speed on the processing behaviors of polymers and their blend at the same ultrasonic intensity were also studied. The experimental results showed that in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation, the processibilities of polymers and their blend were improved. Their possible mechanism is discussed in this article. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1856–1863, 2006     

Compatibilisation of PPE/SAN blends by triblock terpolymers: Correlation between block terpolymer composition, morphology and properties

Immiscible blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) with a weight composition of 60/40 were compatibilised by polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock terpolymers (SBM) using a two-stage melt-processing approach. In order to investigate the influence of the SBM composition on the compatibilisation efficiency, the block lengths of the triblock terpolymers were systematically varied. The resulting morphological features of the blend systems as function of SBM composition and processing parameters are correlated with the resulting thermal and thermo-mechanical properties. In the ideal case, SBM should be located at the interface as PS is miscible with PPE while PMMA is miscible with SAN. The elastomeric middle block as an immiscible component should remain at the interface. This particular morphological arrangement is known as the ‘raspberry morphology’. A detailed TEM analysis of the blend morphologies following initial extrusion-compounding revealed a high compatibilisation efficiency of the SBM types with equal lengths of the end blocks and, furthermore, the desired raspberry morphology was achieved. In contrast, high PS contents in comparison to the other blocks led to a pronounced micelle formation in the PPE phase. Further evaluation of the blend structures following injection-moulding indicated that the morphologies remain relatively stable during this second melt-processing step. A detailed thermal analysis of all blend systems supports the interpretation of the observed morphological features. The fundamental correlation between SBM composition and blend morphology established in this study opens the door for the controlled development of interfacial properties of such compatibilised PPE/SAN blends during melt-processing.     

Regulation of Polymer Configurations Enables Green Solvent-Processed Large-Area Binary All-Polymer Solar Cells With Breakthrough Performance and High Efficiency Stretchability Factor

With the great potential of the all-polymer solar cells for large-area wearable devices, both large-area device efficiency and mechanical flexibility are very critical but attract limited attention. In this work, from the perspective of the polymer configurations, two types of terpolymer acceptors PYTX-A and PYTX-B (X = Cl or H) are developed. The configuration difference caused by the replacement of non-conjugated units results in distinct photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility. Benefiting from a good match between the intrinsically slow film-forming of the active materials and the technically slow film-forming of the blade-coating process, the toluene-processed large-area (1.21 cm²) binary device achieves a record efficiency of 14.70%. More importantly, a new parameter of efficiency stretchability factor (ESF) is proposed for the first time to comprehensively evaluate the overall device performance. PM6:PYTCl-A and PM6:PYTCl-B yield significantly higher ESF than PM6:PY-IT. Further blending with non-conjugated polymer donor PM6-A, the best ESF of 3.12% is achieved for PM6-A:PYTCl-A, which is among the highest comprehensive performances.     

AMV降凝剂分子结构的Monte Carlo模拟优化研究

针对降凝剂分子结构的设计和优化问题,本文运用Monte Carlo模型模拟研究了丙烯酸十八酯-马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物（AnMmVp）同原油蜡烃组分间的相容性。以理论计算结果为依据指导合成了AMV共聚物降凝剂,并进行了红外表征和实验验证,实验结果表明,当亲油基团（丙烯酸十八酯,AA18）与极性基团（马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯,MA—VA）摩尔比为8：2时,二者混合能最低,原油对A8M1V1降凝剂感受性最佳,凝点降低值达8℃,是理想的原油降凝剂结构,这与理论计算结果基本一致。该研究为原油降凝剂分子结构的设计和优化提供了有效涂释。     

新型柴油降凝剂的合成及应用

介绍了三元共聚物(丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐和乙酸乙烯酯)醇解型柴油降凝剂的制备和表征.合成过程分为3步:首先在n(十六醇)/n(丙烯酸)为1.0∶1.6,对苯二酚为0.6%(质量分数,下同),对甲苯磺酸为1.5%的条件下,合成丙烯酸十六醇酯;然后以甲苯为溶剂,n(马来酸酐)/n(乙酸乙烯酯)/n(丙烯酸十六醇酯)为1∶4∶4,过氧化苯甲酰为1.2%,恒温85 ℃,聚合7 h,得三元共聚物;最后以对甲苯磺酸为1.5%,用十六醇醇解三元共聚物,得醇解三元共聚物型柴油降凝剂.应用结果表明,当该新型柴油降凝剂的添加量为0.5%时,可使0#柴油的凝点和冷滤点分别降低14～16 ℃,6～9℃,可使-10#柴油的凝点和冷滤点分别降低19～21 ℃,11 ℃.其降凝助滤效果优于T-1804降凝剂的.     

耐热ABS树脂的制备

以苯乙烯(St)、N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)、丙烯腈(AN)为单体,采用悬浮聚合法制备了St-NPMI-AN三元共聚物(SMIA)。以ABS粉料、St-AN共聚物(SAN)、SMIA为原料,在双螺杆挤出机中,于190~245℃制备了耐热ABS树脂。结果表明,在St用量(质量分数)为10%~50%,AN用量(质量分数)为10%~30%的条件下,随NPMI用量的增加,SMIA的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)呈上升趋势;增加调节剂叔十二碳硫醇用量,SMIA的Tg及特性黏数下降;随SMIA用量增加,耐热ABS树脂热变形温度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度及流动性能提高,冲击强度降低。     

抗盐抗温降滤失剂AMPS/AM/MAM三元共聚物的合成与性能评价

以 2 -丙烯酰胺基 -2 -甲基丙磺酸 (AMPS)、丙烯酰胺 (AM)、甲基丙烯酰胺 (MAM )为原料 ,合成了AMPS/AM/MAM三元共聚物降滤失剂 ,并评价了其性能。通过正交试验 ,确定AMPS/AM/MAM三元共聚物的最佳合成条件为 :反应温度 60℃ ,引发剂用量 0 .1% ,反应时间 6h ,单体质量比m(AMPS)∶m(AM)∶m(MAM) =40∶5 0∶10。     

新型耐盐低伤害压裂稠化剂的研制及应用

文章以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰丙基三甲基氯化铵为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了丙烯酰胺/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸/甲基丙烯酰丙基三甲基氯化铵三元共聚物稠化剂。研究了三元共聚物稠化剂形成的交联冻胶的耐温耐盐性、携砂性和破胶性能。结果表明,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸：丙烯酰胺：甲基丙烯酰丙基三甲基氯化铵=2:7:1、引发剂加量为0.25%、反应温度50℃、反应时间3.5h,pH值为6～8条件下制备的三元共聚物稠化剂的具有良好的性能。以质量分数0.4%三元共聚物稠化剂为主剂的压裂液在70 000 mg/L矿化度下黏度仍大于100 mPa·s,在温度100℃、返排液条件下黏度仍为146.3 mPa·s。与羟丙基胍胶相比,三元共聚物稠化剂聚合物冻胶中支撑剂的沉降速度更小,破胶液残渣含量更少,对储层的伤害率更低。