T 波峰-末间期、T 波峰-末间期离散度与心肌缺血的关系

目的：对冠心病患者 T 波峰-末间期（Tp-Te 间期）和 Tp-Te 离散度（Tp-Ted）进行测定,探讨心肌缺血与Tp-Te 间期、心室肌跨壁复极离散度的关系,寻找一种便捷的观察指标。方法选择2010年1月至2012年6月在南昌大学第二附属医院做平板运动试验阳性,并住院行冠状动脉造影证实存在冠状动脉狭窄的冠心病患者56例（冠心病组）及健康体检者（行平板运动试验阴性者）56例（正常对照组）,分别测量2组 Tp-Te 间期和 Tp-Ted。结果与正常对照组比较,冠心病组 Tp-Te 间期显著延长,Tp-Ted 明显增大（P ＜0．05）。结论心肌缺血时,Tp-Te间期和 Tp-Ted 均增大,Tp-Te 间期和 Tp-Ted 可作为反映跨壁复极离散度的无创性指标。     

Microwave oven radiation hazards

This paper presents the results of a survey on the radiation leakage from a representative sample of microwave ovens in Regina. A brief review of potential hazards of microwave radiation is presented and the results of the survey are analyzed with a view of initiating further research in this area.     

Treadmill Exercise Ameliorates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Possibly by Adjusting the APP Proteolytic Pathway in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known to cause cognitive impairment among the elderly worldwide. Although physical exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) improves cognition, understanding its underlying molecular mechanisms requires further investigation using AD mouse models. In this present work, we subjected amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 mice to a 12-week aerobic treadmill exercise to investigate AHN and its potential mechanisms. We divided 3-month-old littermates wild-type and APP/PS1 transgenic male mice into four groups, and the exercise groups performed 12-week treadmill exercise. Next, we evaluated the influence of treadmill exercise on learning and memory capacity, AHN, and APP proteolytic pathway-related factors. As per our results, the treadmill exercise was able to improve the hippocampal microenvironment in APP/PS1 mice probably by regulating various neurotrophic factors and secretases resulting in APP cleavage through a non-amyloidogenic pathway, which seems to further promote new cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. All of these effects ameliorate learning and memory capacity. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for understanding AHN in an AD mouse model, which is beneficial for preventing and treating AD.     

基于Kinect的自适应跑步机行走速度估计方法

自适应跑步机是康复医疗和人体工程学的研究热点,也是虚拟现实运动输入设备的重要组成部分。针对自适应跑步机上人体位置相对地面几乎无变化,很难通过简单的位置差分获得到人体运动速度的问题,提出了一种适应性广、无标记点、非接触式的行走速度估计方法。将Kinect采集到的人体关节点位置数据通过四元数标定、高斯滤波和三次样条插值处理后,用步长修正算法计算出行走时的步态时空参数。基于步态时空参数估计使用者在自适应跑步机上行走时的速度。在固定速度的跑步机上,通过将速度估计值与所设定的跑步机实际速度进行对比,验证了速度估计算法有效性,该速度估计算法可以适用于自适应跑步机的控制算法开发。     

A Gait Phase Measurement System Using Treadmill Motor Current

The article describes the development of a gait phase time-based split-belt treadmill measurement system. Conventional methods of measuring gait phase, such as the foot switch and force plate, require significant preparation and are costly. In this article, we propose a simple, cheap, and accurate gait phase measurement system that utilizes only the treadmill motor current value. Comparison of this algorithm with conventional methods reveals that the proposed algorithm is as accurate as the foot switch. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can estimate stance phase within a 0.2?s error of the measured value of the force plate in most cases (four out of five healthy subjects). This accuracy is higher than that of the foot switch which is widely used in the clinical field.     

The Effect of Different Intensities of Treadmill Exercise on Cognitive Function Deficit Following a Severe Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats

Exercise has been proposed for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the proper intensity of exercise in the early phase following a severe TBI is largely unknown. To compare two different treadmill exercise intensities on the cognitive function following a severe TBI in its early phase, rats experienced a controlled cortical impact (CCI) and were forced to treadmill exercise for 14 days. The results revealed that the rats in the low intensity exercise group had a shorter latency to locate a platform and a significantly better improvement in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The high intensity exercise group showed a longer latency and a mild improvement in spatial memory compared to the control group rats in the MWM; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and p-CREB protein levels in the contralateral hippocampus were increased significantly in the low intensity exercise group. Our results suggest that 2 weeks of low intensity of treadmill exercise is beneficial for improving cognitive function and increasing hippocampal BDNF expression after a severe TBI in its early phase.     

基于Kinect跑步机系统

研发了一种基于Kinect的跑步机系统,并提出了跑步系列动作识别算法. 该系统基于Unity游戏引擎、3DSMax、Maya、Photoshop建模和平面设计软件开发,运用微软Kinect体感设备和个人电脑获取人体跑步时各种动作的骨骼点数据,结合运动特征分析研发了基于骨骼绑定的跑步、挥手、跳跃、蹲下各种动作的识别算法,通过对人体动作的识别从而实现人机交互的跑步健身游戏娱乐运动. 实验数据表明基于骨骼绑定的动作识别算法的有效性,该跑步机系统硬件设备体积小,它通过人的肢体动作而不是鼠标键盘来操作跑步机软件,同时结合了跑步健身和游戏娱乐等功能,部分代替了传统跑步机的作用,具有很好的体感交互效果和实用价值,研究成果可以用于更多的人机互动应用领域.     

基于步法的跑步机速度跟踪控制方法

目前,电动跑步机的加减速都是通过手动按钮控制,制约了健身者改变速度的自由性,对于电动跑步机应用拓展也产生了诸多不利影响。本文提出了一种基于步法的跑步机速度跟踪控制方法：通过在电动跑步机跑步带下安装压力传感器,获取运动时脚底与跑步机之间的作用力信号,分析运动时的步法信息,判别人体的运动趋势,据此控制电机加速或减速,使得跑步机速度随着人体运动速度的变化而改变。实验表明,该方法能够达到预期的速度跟踪效果,可为今后的进一步研发和电动跑步机技术升级提供有益参考。     

Pre-Ischemic Treadmill Training for Prevention of Ischemic Brain Injury via Regulation of Glutamate and Its Transporter GLT-1

Pre-ischemic treadmill training exerts cerebral protection in the prevention of cerebral ischemia by alleviating neurotoxicity induced by excessive glutamate release following ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed in a rat model after 2 weeks of pre-ischemic treadmill training. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected using the microdialysis sampling method, and the concentration of glutamate was determined every 40 min from the beginning of ischemia to 4 h after reperfusion with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection. At 3, 12, 24, and 48 h after ischemia, the expression of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein in brain tissues was determined by Western blot respectively. The effect of pre-ischemic treadmill training on glutamate concentration and GLT-1 expression after cerebral ischemia in rats along with changes in neurobehavioral score and cerebral infarct volume after 24 h ischemia yields critical information necessary to understand the protection mechanism exhibited by pre-ischemic treadmill training. The results demonstrated that pre-ischemic treadmill training up-regulates GLT-1 expression, decreases extracellular glutamate concentration, reduces cerebral infarct volume, and improves neurobehavioral score. Pre-ischemic treadmill training is likely to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia by regulating GLT-1 expression, which results in re-uptake of excessive glutamate.     

Joint kinematics and kinetics of overground accelerated running versus running on an accelerated treadmill

Literature shows that running on an accelerated motorized treadmill is mechanically different from accelerated running overground. Overground, the subject has to enlarge the net anterior–posterior force impulse proportional to acceleration in order to overcome linear whole body inertia, whereas on a treadmill, this force impulse remains zero, regardless of belt acceleration. Therefore, it can be expected that changes in kinematics and joint kinetics of the human body also are proportional to acceleration overground, whereas no changes according to belt acceleration are expected on a treadmill. This study documents kinematics and joint kinetics of accelerated running overground and running on an accelerated motorized treadmill belt for 10 young healthy subjects. When accelerating overground, ground reaction forces are characterized by less braking and more propulsion, generating a more forward-oriented ground reaction force vector and a more forwardly inclined body compared with steady-state running. This change in body orientation as such is partly responsible for the changed force direction. Besides this, more pronounced hip and knee flexion at initial contact, a larger hip extension velocity, smaller knee flexion velocity and smaller initial plantarflexion velocity are associated with less braking. A larger knee extension and plantarflexion velocity result in larger propulsion. Altogether, during stance, joint moments are not significantly influenced by acceleration overground. Therefore, we suggest that the overall behaviour of the musculoskeletal system (in terms of kinematics and joint moments) during acceleration at a certain speed remains essentially identical to steady-state running at the same speed, yet acting in a different orientation. However, because acceleration implies extra mechanical work to increase the running speed, muscular effort done (in terms of power output) must be larger. This is confirmed by larger joint power generation at the level of the hip and lower power absorption at the knee as the result of subtle differences in joint velocity. On a treadmill, ground reaction forces are not influenced by acceleration and, compared with overground, virtually no kinesiological adaptations to an accelerating belt are observed. Consequently, adaptations to acceleration during running differ from treadmill to overground and should be studied in the condition of interest.