Effect of nonsolvent additives on PES ultrafiltration membrane pore structure

Different nonsolvent additives, namely, diethylene glycol, n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, were added into the casting solution (polyethersulfone/dimethylformamide/lithium chloride) to prepare ultrafiltration (UF) membrane via phase inversion. The effects of different additives and their concentration on the pore structure of the prepared UF membrane were studied. The cross-sectional morphology of the membrane was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The addition of nonsolvent additives improved the large-cavity structure of the membrane. When the additive was low-content NBA (1–3 wt %), the membrane pore structure transformed from large-cavity structure to fully sponge-like structure. When the content of additive NBA was 3 wt %, the flux of the prepared UF membrane was 130.45 L (m⁻² h⁻¹), the rejection of PEG20000 was 95.54% and the flux remained high at 4 bar in long-term stability test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47525.     

Potential effects of ultrafiltration process and date powder on textural,sensory, bacterial viability,antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of dromedary Greek yogurt

The aim of this study was to improve textural and antioxidant capacity of dromedary yogurt using ultrafiltration process and date powder. Ultrafiltration increased total solids content of dromedary milk within the range considered optimal to develop yogurt. Texture profile of Greek yogurt fortified with date powder (GYD) improved considerably compared to control. Sample of GYD are more appealing to consumer than control. LC-ESI-MS analysis of GYD extracts allowed the identification of fifteen phenolic compounds, among which quinic acid and cirsiliol were found to be the major phenolic acid and flavonol, respectively. GYD exhibited the highest DPPH•-radical scavenging activity, Fe²⁺ chelating capacity and Fe³⁺ reducing power. The follow-up of physical and microbiological stability of GYD and control during cold storage showed that date powder significantly increased bacterial counts and decreased syneresis. Therefore, ultrafiltration and date powder could be valued as effective tool to solve the poor consistency of dromedary milk products.     

Sodium and ultrafiltration profiling in hemodialysis: A long-forgotten issue revisited

Sodium and ultrafiltration profiling are method of dialysis in which dialysate sodium concentration and ultrafiltration rate are altered during the course of the dialysis session. Sodium and ultrafiltration profiling have been used, commonly simultaneously, to improve hemodynamic stability during hemodialysis. Sodium profiling is particularly effective in decreasing the incidence of intradialytic hypotension, while ultrafiltration profiling is suggested to decrease subclinical repeated end organ ischemia during dialysis. However, complications such as increased interdialytic weight gain and thirst due to sodium excess have prevented widespread use of sodium profiling. Evidence suggest that different sodium profiling techniques may lead to different clinical results, and preferring sodium balance neutral sodium profiling may mitigate adverse effects related to sodium overload. However, evidence is lacking on the long-term clinical outcomes of different sodium profiling methods. Optimal method of sodium profiling as well as the utility of sodium/ultrafiltration profiling in routine practice await further clinical investigation.     

电厂锅炉补给水处理中全膜法处理工艺的应用研究

以某电厂为背景,针对其中的全膜法展开探讨,涉及到工艺流程、相关构筑物以及设备参数等多方面内容,并将其与离子交换法进行了对比分析,结果显示,全膜法的可行性更高,能达到无酸碱排放的效果,能够发挥出显著的社会效益,以期给相关工程提供可行参考,由此推动电厂炉给水处理工作的持续开展。     

提高无机超滤膜运行效率的措施研究

针对冷轧废水采用无机超滤膜处理工艺运行中存在的问题,从工艺、膜清洗等方面进行分析、探索,总结了提高无机超滤膜处理能力的措施。     

剪切解络-超滤分离金属关键指标预测与验证

根据剪切解络-超滤过程中金属离子的动态浓度关系和质量守恒定律,采用CodeBlocks17.12软件编写程序,建立了剪切解络-超滤工艺关键指标预测模型,实现了金属离子浓度、回收率、体积稀释倍数等指标的预测,并用实验加以验证。依次在转速800 r/min、1 400 r/min、3 000 r/min下回收模拟废水中43 μg/L的Co²⁺、995 μg/L的Ni²⁺和88 μg/L的La³⁺,3种金属的回收率均达99.8%以上时,超滤过程体积稀释倍数的预测值分别为7.0、7.5、5.75,实验值分别为7.5、7.25、6.25,可见预测值与实验值基本一致。本模型对研究方案制定和调整有实际指导意义。     

陶瓷超滤膜用于盐湖卤水提锂合格液的中试研究

为解决纳滤膜用于盐湖卤水镁锂分离中长时间运行后出现通量下降、膜污染和分离效率下降的问题,开展了将陶瓷超滤膜作为纳滤预处理措施用于盐湖卤水提锂合格液的中试研究。中试设在吸附提锂车间,进水为提锂工序中的合格液。结果表明,在冬天低温环境合格液浊度<50 NTU的条件下,以及在合格液浊度上升至50~170 NTU的极端进水水质条件下,陶瓷超滤膜均可在300 L/（m ²·h）的测试通量下稳定运行,过滤时间为30~50 min/周期。产水浊度稳定<0.1 NTU,优于后续纳滤系统进水要求。     

超滤陶瓷膜深度处理造纸废水的实验研究

针对当前造纸废水水质特点及深度处理工艺,提出采用超滤陶瓷膜绿色节能工艺对造纸废水开展深度处理实验研究。结果表明,陶瓷膜的最佳工作条件为:跨膜压差0. 2 MPa、进膜流量1000 L/h,在该条件下造纸废水的固体悬浮物(SS)去除率大于94. 5%,化学需氧量(CODCr)去除率大于76. 2%,色度去除率高于72. 3%,水质达到了《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544-2008)要求;膜清洗再生实验结果表明经过反循环化学清洗后超滤陶瓷膜通量可以恢复至90%以上。