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1.
In the present study, a prebiotic acerola juice containing gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran was produced and processed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS). After a simulated in vitro digestion, the gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran maintained 90% and 80% of their initial concentration in all prebiotic’s juices. At the same time, Vitamin C and phenolic compounds concentration increased significantly by 19% and 7% (P < 0.05). After the in vitro digestion, the prebiotic juice HIUS processed by 10 min showed the highest increase in gluco-oligosaccharides and bioactive compound concentrations. The HIUS processing imparted some dextran hydrolysis and improved its fermentability by Lacticaseibacillus casei. Gluco-oligosaccharides were extensively consumed as substrate in simulated intestinal conditions, promoting the L. casei NRRL B-442 growth and production of organic acids and short-chain organic acids. The prebiotic juice HIUS processed for 6 min showed the best responses regarding the metabolism of L. casei NRRL B-442. The results showed high-intensity ultrasound processed acerola juices containing gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran as a prebiotic food.  相似文献   
2.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(6):5471-5492
The detection of reproductive tract disease (RTD) 3 wk postpartum is important because of its effect on subsequent reproductive outcomes. Numerous methods for the diagnosis of RTD are described, some of which are more practical and instantaneous in terms of diagnosis. Two of these methods involve identification of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and evidence of ultrasonographic uterine changes indicative of endometritis (UE). The objectives of our retrospective observational study were (1) to assess the association of PVD or UE score at the prebreeding examination (PBE) with the hazard of pregnancy within the subsequent breeding season; (2) to determine the test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the point of sampling of both tests using a Bayesian latent class model; and (3) to determine the effect of varying positivity thresholds on test accuracy. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed an initial data set of 5,049 PBE from 2,460 spring-calved cows in 8 herds between 2014 and 2018. Each PBE was conducted once between 25 and 86 d in milk. At each PBE, vaginal discharge was obtained with a Metricheck device (Simcro) whereas uterine contents were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Purulent vaginal discharge was scored on a scale of 0 to 3 depending on discharge character, and UE was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 depending on the presence and consistency of intraluminal fluid. Cows with scores of ≥2 in either test had received treatment. Fertility data were available from 4,756 PBE after data exclusion. The association between PVD or UE score at the PBE and subsequent hazard of pregnancy was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Cows with a PVD score of 2 or 3 were less likely to conceive than cows with a PVD score 0 [score 2 hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.94; score 3 HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51–0.84]. Cows with a UE score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 were less likely to conceive than cows with a UE score of 0 (score 1 HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; score 2 HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62–1.00; score 3 HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90; score 4 HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26–0.58). To determine the Se and Sp of PVD or UE score for diagnosis of RTD at the time of PBE, a Bayesian latent class model was fitted on 2,460 individual cow PBE. Flat priors were used for the Se and Sp of UE, whereas informative priors were used for PVD Se (mode = 65%, 5th percentile = 45%) and Sp (mode = 90%, 5th percentile = 80%) and RTD prevalence (mode = 20%, 5th percentile = 10%). Posterior estimates (median and 95% Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using ‘rjags' (R Studio). The optimal test thresholds (PVD and UE score ≥1) were selected by assessing the effect of different thresholds on test estimates and using a misclassification cost analysis. Based on these, median (95% BPI) Se for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 44% (29–60%) and 67% (33–100%), respectively. Median Sp for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 90% (86–93%) and 91% (86–93%), respectively. Higher scores in both tests were associated with impaired fertility, and UE scoring with a threshold of ≥1 had the highest test Se and Sp estimates although test Se was conditional on days in milk when the PBE occurred.  相似文献   
3.
利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油,试验结果表明:沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s,残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%,实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成,沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响,从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明:水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小;沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低;沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散;沥青质胶束粒度分布降低;沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能,改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点,液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点,水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。  相似文献   
4.
In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.  相似文献   
5.
利用基于涡流的水力空化处理大豆分离蛋白,通过比较处理前后大豆分离蛋白在谷氨酰胺转氨酶的催化作用下形成凝胶的质构特性、持水性、流变学性质、分子间作用力、微观结构和二级结构的变化,来研究大豆分离蛋白经水力空化处理后其酶促凝胶行为的变化规律及机制。结果表明,与未经水力空化处理的大豆分离蛋白相比,大豆分离蛋白经水力空化处理30 min后形成的酶促凝胶强度(P<0.05)、持水性(P<0.05)和储能模量增加;凝胶形成的分子间作用力发生变化,离子键、氢键及疏水相互作用相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),而二硫键和非二硫共价键相对含量显著增加(P<0.05);扫描电子显微镜观察到经水力空化处理后的大豆分离蛋白形成的酶促凝胶孔洞较小,微观结构更加致密和均匀;红外光谱分析结果表明凝胶的二级结构也发生了改变,β-折叠、β-转角相对含量显著增加(P<0.05),而α-螺旋、无规卷曲相对含量显著降低(P<0.05)。可见,水力空化处理在一定条件下可以改善大豆分离蛋白谷氨酰胺转氨酶促凝胶的性能,可作为一种有效的方法应用于食品工业。  相似文献   
6.
本研究通过硫酸水解、超声和TEMPO (2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物)氧化3种处理方法分别制备了纳米纤维素(CFR-CNC、CFR-CNF和CFR-TNC)及相应薄膜,对纳米纤维素微观形态、结晶度、热稳定性和化学结构进行了表征,同时比较了纳米纤维素薄膜的形态和机械性能。结果表明,3种纳米纤维素具有不同的长宽比(29.2、163.7、132.2)和结晶度(62.5%、52.8%、43.9%)。红外光谱图表明,3种纳米纤维素的纤维素分子结构并未改变,且CFR-TNC成功引入羧基。3种纳米纤维素薄膜中,CFR-CNF薄膜具有较高的拉伸强度(36.6 MPa),CFR-CNC薄膜具有较好的抗形变能力,并且3种薄膜均具有良好的透光性。  相似文献   
7.
本实验以百香果果皮为原料,采用超声提取工艺,探索乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率这五个实验因素对黄酮提取率的影响。在单因素实验结果的基础上,采用响应面建立了提取百香果果皮中黄酮的二次多项数学模型,并进一步验证了该模型的有效性,同时利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:在乙醇浓度60%、提取时间40 min、提取温度50℃,料液比(g/mL)1∶50,超声功率250 W条件下,测得黄酮得率为19.2124 mg/g,该工艺提取量稳定,方法简单、可靠。  相似文献   
8.
针对高温严苛条件下铸锻件内部温度场非接触测量困难这一问题,提出了基于弯曲效应和三角形前向展开法的高温铸锻件温度场非接触电磁超声斜入射横波重构方法。结合数值仿真和730℃电磁超声检测实验,对直入射横波的三角形追踪数学模型进行了验证,并研究了声束入射角、温度梯度对斜入射横波的传播路径和渡越时间的影响,比较了不同入射角的斜入射横波的温度灵敏度系数。结果表明:基于三角形前向展开法的高温锻件温度场直入射横波重建误差在3%以内。当采用斜入射横波时,声线传播路径受温度梯度、入射角度的影响较大,且对温度梯度的变化更加敏感,无论使用横波渡越时间还是横波出射点位置偏移量均可重构高温铸锻件的内部温度场。  相似文献   
9.
为了研究液压冲击器内出现气蚀的原因,通过反馈随动原理,系统分析了冲击器工作过程。基于数学模型搭建AMESim仿真模型,得到活塞和阀芯对应的速度曲线,同时结合PumpLinx软件仿真得到冲击器内流道瞬态流场,分析单个运动周期内的压力云图及流线图,从而确定气蚀问题产生的位置及原因。通过试验分析,验证了联合仿真结果的准确性。对解决产品使用过程中出现的薄弱环节及潜在隐患,进而提高其工作可靠性具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。  相似文献   
10.
为研究在流体润滑条件下,表面微织构形貌参数对润滑性能的影响,建立考虑空化效应的单织构三维计算模型。用CFD方法模拟织构在不同深度、面积密度和表面形状条件下,油膜承载力、摩擦因数和压力分布的变化情况。结果表明:随着织构深度(面积密度)的增加,油膜的承载力先增大后减小,摩擦因数先减小后增大,即织构存在最优的深度和面积密度使得流体动压润滑性能最优;随着上壁面滑移速度的增大,织构的最优深度有减小的趋势,而最优面积密度趋于稳定;设计具有汇流作用的织构表面形状可以提高油膜的承载力,且速度越大,改善润滑的效果越明显。  相似文献   
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