Generated output increase control with consideration of the influence of wake for wind farm

Presently, many wind turbine generators (WTGs) are connected to the power grid. While the penetration of wind power to the power system is increasing, FIT price is decreasing. Therefore, wind generation companies want to increase the electric power output from wind farms (WFs). In this article, we propose a control technique to reduce the influence of the wake by changing a power coefficient of each WTG in a WF for the purpose of improving electric power output of WFs. We showed the optimization technique of a power coefficient of each WTG and the effect of reducing the influence of the wake using measurement data from WFs. In addition, we formulated the wake effect as a function of distance between WTGs. We verified 1% improvement of generated energy in a year compared to the conventional control method by simulation. Furthermore, we quantified the improvement of generated energy output, using the distance between WTGs and the occurrence rate of the direction of the wind as a variable.     

碳源对manA基因突变大肠杆菌代谢的影响

ManA基因编码的甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶在大肠杆菌中催化D-甘露糖和D-果糖的异构化,促进大肠杆菌对碳源的代谢吸收。本文通过研究manA基因突变大肠杆菌对碳源的利用和编码糖代谢基因情况,探讨甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶对大肠杆菌糖代谢的影响。采用Ⅱ型内含子逆转录突变方法构建manA基因突变大肠杆菌,分析manA基因突变大肠杆菌对不同碳源的利用情况和manA基因突变对大肠杆菌糖代谢相关基因表达的影响,结果显示,大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)ΔmanA以甘露糖、果糖为碳源时,菌株生长受到显著抑制;以淀粉为碳源时,BL21(DE3)ΔmanA菌株的生长显著优于野生型大肠杆菌;以葡萄糖为碳源时,manA基因突变对大肠杆菌的生长无显著影响。通过基因表达分析,发现大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)ΔmanA中甘露糖代谢相关基因的表达显著性降低;果糖代谢途径中6-磷酸果糖激酶Ⅰ亚基的编码基因(pfkA)显著下调表达;水解淀粉的α-淀粉酶编码基因(malS)显著性上调表达。ManA基因突变影响大肠杆菌甘露糖、果糖和淀粉代谢途径中相关基因的表达,从而影响大肠杆菌对碳源的利用。     

复杂地形下风力机尾流数值模拟研究和激光雷达实验对比

以CFD数值计算和实验相结合的方法,对处于中国西南某多山地区陆上风电场的尾流特性进行研究,验证不同数值方法在复杂地形的适用性。首先采用2台激光雷达,测量目标风力机一个月内的自由来流风速和尾流廓线,在地形上坡加速效应下,不同大气稳定度下目标风力机的自由来流风速廓线均呈负梯度。然后分别采用经典致动盘和改进致动盘法,模拟目标风力机在主风向下的尾流发展。不同于只有风速与压降关系的经典致动盘法,改进致动盘法更考虑了叶片几何和气动参数(尺寸信息、攻角、桨距角、升阻力系数等)。通过与后置激光雷达尾流测试结果对比,这2种基于CFD技术的数值模拟方法,计算网格相同,计算时间相当,且均能较好地模拟因为复杂地形而引起的尾流偏转;其中改进致动盘的尾流形状与激光雷达相似,速度亏损也更接近激光雷达结果。因此,改进致动盘法更适合于复杂地形条件下风场模拟,较好平衡了计算的效率与精度。     

天津钢铁炼钢厂倒罐站600t无基坑不断轨钢轨塞入式轨道称重装置的实践

本文简单介绍了由我们公司制造的安装于天钢倒罐站的600t无基坑不断轨钢轨塞入式轨道称重装置,着重介绍了对该称重装置的隔热防护措施以及停车对位联锁。     

Fast Measurements of the Gas‐Liquid Diffusion Coefficient in the Gaussian Wake of a Spherical Bubble

A fast method is proposed for determining the oxygen gas‐liquid diffusion coefficient from measurements of the fluorescence quenching behind a bubble. The approach consists of capturing pictures of the concentration field at micro‐scale in the laminar bubble wake. The Gaussian concentration profiles measured in the wake are demonstrated to be systematically equivalent to an instantaneous plane diffusion case. The approach permits to accurately evaluate the gas‐liquid diffusivity in a very short time of around one second.     

Wake meandering effects on floating wind turbines

As more floating farms are being developed, the wake interaction between multiple floating wind turbines (FWTs) is becoming increasingly relevant. FWTs have long natural periods in certain degrees of freedom, and the large‐scale movement of the wake, known as wake meandering, occurs at very low frequencies. In this study, we use FAST.Farm to simulate a two‐turbine case with three different FWT concepts: a semisubmersible (semi), a spar, and a tension leg platform (TLP), separated by eight rotor diameters in the wind direction. Since wake meandering varies depending on the environmental conditions, three different wind speeds (for all three concepts) as well as two different turbulence levels (for the semi) are considered. For the below‐rated wind speed, when wake meandering was most extreme, yaw motion standard deviations for the downstream semi were approximately 40% greater in high turbulence and over 100% greater in low turbulence when compared with the upstream semi. The low yaw natural frequency (0.01 Hz) of the semi was excited by meandering, while quasi‐static responses resulted in approximately 20% increases in yaw motion standard deviations for the spar and TLP. Differences in fatigue loading between the upstream and downstream turbines for the mooring line tension and tower base fore‐aft bending moment mostly depended on the velocity deficit and were not directly affected by meandering. However, wake meandering did affect fatigue loading related to the tower top yaw moment and the blade root out‐of‐plane moment.     

基于潜艇的声自导鱼雷双雷齐射研究

针对潜艇进行双雷发射时相邻两声自导鱼雷发生互导现象的问题,对潜艇的声自导鱼雷双雷齐射进行研究。基于声自导鱼雷互导产生的原理,建立了避免互导的数学模型,并以某型声自导鱼雷为例,通过2种不同速率、不同射距条件下散角随发射敌舷角的变化曲线,推导出按扇面齐射的最优散角。分析结果对于部队进一步使用双雷齐射,最大限度地发挥其作战效能有着一定的意义。     

捷联寻的制导系统滤波器设计

主要针对某型捷联寻的制导弹药,进行了捷联寻的制导系统滤波器设计并进行了目标机动情况下的仿真验证。利用捷联寻的导引头给出的量测信息,设计了捷联寻的制导系统的强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器,估计出弹目相对运动等信息,用于末制导弹药的最优导引律,导引其命中目标。仿真结果表明,所设计的捷联寻的制导系统滤波器能有效对付目标机动,满足某型制导弹药武器系统性能指标要求。     

潜艇机动性能对使用干扰器规避主动声自导鱼雷对抗效果的影响分析

潜艇的鱼雷防御性能主要包括潜艇的水声对抗性能和其自身性能。潜艇规避鱼雷时,针对潜艇自身机动性能对潜艇生存概率的影响问题,建立了仿真所需要的鱼雷声学模型和实体机动模型,构建了干扰器作用下的鱼雷发现距离模型。通过仿真得到了不同最大航速、不同加速性能时潜艇的生存概率,分析了潜艇机动性能对潜艇生存概率的影响,结论是潜艇的机动性能对潜艇防御鱼雷有着一定的影响,可以通过提高潜艇自身机动性能来提高潜艇防御鱼雷的能力。