Inconel 690传热管GTAW对接焊接头组织及力学性能研究

对Inconel 690传热管材进行钨极气体保护焊(GTAW)对接焊,采用拉伸试验机、压扁试验机和光学显微镜测试和分析传热管焊接接头,同时利用ANSYS软件开展焊接接头在设计工况失压时的一次应力强度校核。研究结果表明:焊缝中心为树枝胞状晶,熔合线附近为粗大柱状晶。室温时接头的平均抗拉强度为619 MPa,平均屈服强度为292 MPa,350℃时接头平均抗拉强度为475 MPa,平均屈服强度为206 MPa,拉伸接头断裂从熔合区开始贯穿整个焊缝组织,呈塑性断裂。压扁试验和反向压扁试验结果表明管接头完好。通过ANSYS分析可知,设计工况下传热管接头350℃许用应力强度150 MPa限值可满足其一次应力强度要求,且裕量较大。     

Microstructure and coloring mechanism of iron spots on bluish white porcelain from Jingdezhen of the Song Dynasty

Jingdezhen is famous for its bluish white (Qingbai) porcelains of the Song Dynasty, and those decorated with iron spots are distinctive among them. Herein, iron spots on a bluish white porcelain were investigated using a series of microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. We found the decreasing iron content from more than 8 wt% to about 2 wt% during the glaze color transition from rusty to brown and finally into green, which built a connection on the coloring mechanism of iron-rich crystallized glaze and celadon glaze. We identified the rare ε-Fe₂O₃, a promising magnetic material, in both the dark brown crystals and the triangular crystals in the rusty area, which is its first discovery among bluish white porcelains. Based on these findings, we discussed the coloring mechanism of iron-spot decoration along with the physical form of the iron oxide crystals, indicating the partially reducing atmosphere during firing process.     

某微细粒嵌布磁铁矿选矿工艺研究

针对某微细粒磁铁矿进行了全磁选流程和磁选-反浮选流程对比试验研究。结果表明,在最终磨矿细度相当的情况下,2种工艺流程都获得了产率48%左右、TFe品位66%左右、回收率80%左右的铁精矿指标,而采用磁选-反浮选流程的第三段磨矿量比全磁选流程减少了2/3。磁选-反浮选流程具有显著的节能降耗优势。     

Simultaneously achieving high energy-storage density and power density under low electric fields in NBT-based ceramics

Aiming at the problem that power density and energy density are difficult to obtain simultaneously under low field, a novel composition (1-x)Na_0·5Bi_0·5TiO₃-xBaZn_1/3Ta_2/3O₃((1-x)NBT-xBZT) was designed and fabricated via solid-state methods. With the addition of BZT, the crystal lattice, structural symmetry, grain size, and dense degree were all increased proved by XRD, Raman, and Archimedes drainage method et al. Because of the enhancement of relaxor behavior, the x=0.10 sample displayed a high permittivity ε_r of 2871±15% and a low dielectric loss tan δ ≤ 0.025 in the wide temperature range of 60–400 ^oC. This ceramic also showed maximum recoverable energy density W_d (2.07 J/cm³) with high efficiency η (71.5%) under a low field of 150 kV/cm. Moreover, pulse discharge testing proved that this ceramic possessed both a significant discharge energy density W_D (0.96 J/cm³) and a record high power density P_D (108.54 MW/cm³). This work provided a promising material for high power and energy applications.     

5A06-O aluminium–magnesium alloy sheet warm hydroforming and optimization of process parameters

The uniaxial tensile test of the 5A06-O aluminium–magnesium (Al–Mg) alloy sheet was performed in the temperature range of 20–300 °C to obtain the true stress–true strain curves at different temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive model of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy sheet with the temperature range from 150 to 300°C was established. Based on the test results, a unique finite element simulation platform for warm hydroforming of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy was set up using the general finite element software MSC.Marc to simulate warm hydroforming of classic specimen, and a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model for warm hydroforming of cylindrical cup was built up. Combined with the experiment, the influence of the temperature field distribution and loading conditions on the sheet formability was studied. The results show that the non-isothermal temperature distribution conditions can significantly improve the forming performance of the material. As the temperature increases, the impact of the punching speed on the forming becomes particularly obvious; the optimal values of the fluid pressure and blank holder force required for forming are reduced.     

电磁场与电磁波课程思政教学改革探索与实践

课程思政作为思想政治理论课程的有效补充，是落实立德树人根本任务的重要组成。《电磁场与电磁波》是物理、电类等专业的重要专业基础课程，深入挖掘其课程思政元素,能够发挥专业课程的隐性育人作用，实现知识传授、能力培养与价值引领的有机融合，对于理工科专业课进行课程思政改革具有现实指导作用。     

温度对核电站传热管阵列声透射特性的影响

为了研究温度分布对于管阵列结构中的声透射特性的影响，以核电站的实际工况为背景，构建了不同的温度场以及周期性变化的非均匀温度场，利用有限元方法进行数值模拟。结果表明：（1）温度分布会改变管阵列声透射频谱的“禁带”宽度以及中心频率位置。在同一介质中，温度变化对频率较高位置的影响大于频率较低的位置。（2）在同样为10℃的温度差下，当水的平均声速为1 653 m·s^-1、饱和水蒸气的平均声速为522.5 m·s^-1时，介质为水时的禁带宽度及中心频率位置变化较大，即声速大的介质的频谱对于温度的变化更敏感。（3）当温度差在10℃以内，在周期性变化的非均匀温度场和与均匀温度场中管阵列声透射特性在第一中心频率23 996.1 Hz之前，两频谱差别很小，在第一禁带之后会出现明显区别。该研究成果对完善核电站应用的声学检测提供了理论基础。     

Gyrotactic microorganisms bioconvection in combined convective magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow over a vertically surfaced saturated porous media with variable viscosity

The current article focuses on mass and thermal transfer analysis of a two-dimensional immovable combined convective nanofluid flow including motile microorganisms with temperature-dependent viscosity on top of a vertical plate through a porous medium, and a model has been developed to visualize the velocity slip impacts on a nonlinear partial symbiotic flow. The governed equations include all of the above physical conditions, and suitable nondimensional transfigurations are utilized to transfer the governed conservative equations to a nonlinear system of differential equations and obtain numerical solutions by using the Shooting method. Numerical studies have been focusing on the effects of intricate dimensionless parameters, namely, the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Peclet number, bioconvection parameter, and Rayleigh number, which have all been studied on various profiles such as momentum, thermal, concentration, and density of microorganisms. The concentration boundary layer thickness and density of microorganisms increased as the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters increased, whereas the bioconvection parameter, Peclet number, and Rayleigh number increased. The thermal boundary layer thickness, concentration boundary layer thickness, and density of microorganisms all decreased. The velocity distribution decreases as the Peclet number, bioconvection, and thermophoresis parameters rise but rises as the Rayleigh number, Brownian motion parameter, and Casson fluid parameter rise. These are graphed via plots along with divergent fluid parameters.     

Estimates of daily oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide and methane emissions,and heat production for beef and dairy cattle using spot gas sampling

A simulation study was conducted to examine accuracy of estimating daily O₂ consumption, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, and heat production (HP) using a spot sampling technique and to determine optimal spot sampling frequency (FQ). Data were obtained from 3 experiments where daily O₂ consumption, emissions of CO₂ and CH₄, and HP were measured using indirect calorimetry (respiration chamber or headbox system). Experiment 1 used 8 beef heifers (ad libitum feeding; gaseous exchanges measured every 30 min over 3 d in respiration chambers); Experiment 2 used 56 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows (restricted feeding; gaseous exchanges measured every 12 min over 3 d in respiration chambers); Experiment 3 used 12 lactating Jersey cows (ad libitum feeding; gaseous exchanges measured every hour for 1 d using headbox style chambers). Within experiment, averages of all measurements (FQALL) and averages of measurements selected at time points with 12, 8, 6, or 4 spot sampling FQ (i.e., sampling every 2, 3, 4, and 6 h in a 24-h cycle, respectively; FQ12, FQ8, FQ6, and FQ4, respectively) were compared. Within study a mixed model was used to compare gaseous exchanges and HP among FQALL, FQ12, FQ8, FQ6, and FQ4, and an interaction of dietary treatment by FQ was examined. A regression model was used to evaluate accuracy of spot sampling within study [i.e., FQALL (observed) vs. FQ12, FQ8, FQ6, or FQ4 (estimated)]. No interaction of diet by FQ was observed for any variables except for CH₄ production in experiment 1. No FQ effect was observed for gaseous exchanges and HP except in experiment 2 where CO₂ production was less (5,411 vs. 5,563 L/d) for FQ4 compared with FQALL, FQ12, and FQ8. A regression analysis between FQALL and each FQ within study showed that slopes and intercepts became farther from 1 and 0, respectively, for almost all variables as FQ decreased. Most variables for FQ12 and FQ8 had root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) less than 10% of the mean and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) greater than 0.80, and RMSPE increased and CCC decreased as FQ decreased. When a regression analysis was conducted with combined data from the 3 experiments (mixed model with study as a random effect), results agreed with those from the analysis for the individual studies. Prediction errors increased and CCC decreased as FQ decreased. Generally, all the estimates from FQ12, FQ8, FQ6, and FQ4 had RMSPE less than 10% of the means and CCC greater than 0.90 except for FQ6 and FQ4 for O₂ consumption and CH₄ production. In conclusion, the spot sampling simulation with 3 indirect calorimetry experiments indicated that FQ of at least 8 samples (every 3 h in a 24-h cycle) was required to estimate daily O₂ consumption, CO₂ and CH₄ production, and HP and to detect changes in those in response to dietary treatments. This sampling FQ may be considered when using techniques that measure spot gas exchanges such as the GreenFeed and face mask systems.     

Improved photoluminescence and multi-mode optical thermometry of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped (Ba,Sr)3Lu4O9 phosphors

Contactless optical thermometers have attracted extensive attentions for applications in scientific research and technological fields due to their apparent advantages. Herein, a novel sequence of Ba_3-xSr_xLu₄O₉ (B_3-xS_xLO):Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ phosphors were successfully prepared to investigate the temperature sensing property. By establishing energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ and regulating the local lattice environment, up-conversion luminescence of Er³⁺ is dramatically improved when excited by 980 nm laser. This can effectively promote signal-noise ratio and reduce the errors in temperature detection. Furthermore, a multi-mode optical thermometry, which includes the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) from two thermally coupled levels of ²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2, FIR based on non-thermally coupled system of ²H_11/2/⁴F_9/2 and fluorescence lifetime of ⁴S_3/2 state of Er³⁺, was explored systematically. The fabricated samples exhibit the superior temperature measurement performances containing wide temperature-sensing range, superior signal discriminability, high sensitivity and favorable repeatability, indicative of the enormous utilization prospects of B_3-xS_xLO:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ for thermometry.