IDR双汽提尿素装置现状及控制设想

本文对IDR尿素装置的目前生产情况进行了统计和分析。同时根据观察、统计和测试,对某些问题提出思路。     

伊利石在铝酸钠溶液中的反应脱硅过程研究

为了更清楚地了解伊利石在拜耳法溶出过程中的反应行为，本文对伊利石在合成铝酸钠溶液中的溶出动力学进行了研究，测得其活化能为114，73kJ/mol。并研究了溶液苛性碱浓度对伊利石的反应速率的影响；添加石灰可以有效的增加伊利石的反应率，提高脱硅效率。为拜耳法生产氧化铝的脱硅过程及防止结疤提供理论依据。     

Dissolution mechanism and solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K简

The dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. The results show that hemimorphite is soluble in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system and its residue exists in the form of an amorphous SiO2 layer on the hemimorphite surface. The XPS data also indicate that the Si 2p3/2 and O ls spectra of the hemimorphite are broadened and shift to higher binding energies and their binding energies are closer to silica with an increase of total ammonia and time. Solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system was measured by means of isothermal solution method at 298.15 K based on the study of the dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite. The results show that the solubility of zinc in solution increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of cr（NH3） （total ammonia concentration） at different NH3/NH4^＋ ratios. The solubility of silicon in solution decreases from 0.0334 mol/kg in ct（NH3）-4.1245 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution to 0.0046 mol/kg in cT（NH3）=7.6035 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution.     

Synthesis and characterization of triclinic structural LiVPO4F as possible 4.2 V cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

A potential 4.2 V cathode material LiVPO4F for lithium batteries was prepared by two-step reaction method based on a carbon-thermal reduction （CTR） process. Firstly, V2O5, NH4H2PO4 and acetylene black are reacted under an Ar atmosphere to yield VPO4. The transition-metal reduction is facilitated by the CTR based on C→CO transition. These CTR conditions favor stabilization of the vanadium as V^3＋ as well as leaving residual carbon, which is useful in the subsequent electrode processing. Secondly, VPO4 reacts with ElF to yield LiVPO4F product. The property of the LiVPO4F was investigated by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electrochemical measurement. XRD studies show that LiVPO4F synthesized has triclinic structure（space group p I ）, isostructural with the naturally occurring mineral tavorite, EiFePO4-OH. SEM image exhibits that the particle size is about 2μm together with homogenous distribution. Electrochemical test shows that the initial discharge capacity of LiVPO4F powder is 119 mA·h/g at the rate of 0.2C with an average discharge voltage of 4.2V （vs Ei/Li^＋）, and the capacity retains 89 mA·h/g after 30 cycles.     

几种铝化合物的热力学性质

结合作者的量热测定结果和前人的工作，研究了氧化铝工业中最常见的几种铝化合物如α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，三水铝石一水软铝石和一水硬铝石的基本热力学性质：标准生成焓、标准熵、标准生成Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能和热容，得到了可靠，自洽的结果。     

Effect of 20kHz ultrasound on alumina hydrate precipitation from seeded sodium aluminate solution

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｈｅａｌｕｍｉｎａｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ,ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎａｈｙｄｒａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅＢａｙｅｒｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｏｐｅｒａ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅｓｗｈ     

Suspended electrode kinetics of mechanically activated pyrite

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｅｎ ｈａｎｃｉｎｇｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ[1～ 3] ａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｙｎ ｔｈｅｓｉｓ[4 ,5] .Ｓｏｆａｒｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｔ     

Synthesis and application of antimony pent（isooctyl thioglycollate）

A new type of thermal stabilizer, antimony pent (isooctyl thioglycollate) (Sb(SCH2 COOC8 H17 )5), was synthesized by using antimony trioxide, isooctanol and thioglycolic acid in 2 steps. Firstly, antimony trioxide was oxidized into colloidal antimony peroxide. Then antimony peroxide and isooctyl thioglycollate reacted stoichiometrically for 2 h with the yield of 87%. This compound was used as thermal stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride(PVC).The results show that the thermal stability time is 52 rain at 200℃ by heat-ageing oven test when adding 2. 5% thermal stabilizer to PVC resin. Compared with antimony tris(isooctyl thiolycollate), the initial thermal stability of antimony pent(isooctyl thioglycollate) is better than that of antimony tris(isooctyl thioglycollate), while the longterm thermal stability time is shorter than that of antimony tris(isooctyl thioglycollate). Meanwhile, the synergism of antimony pent(isooctyl thioglycollate) with calcium stearate was studied, indicating that when the mass ratio of antimony pent(isooctyl thioglycollate) to calcium stearate is 2:1, the thermal stability time of PVC is 58 min.     

316L纤维尺寸和含量对HA-ZrO2(CaO)/316L纤维复合生物材料性能的影响

研究了316L纤维的长度、直径与含量对HA-ZrO_2（CaO）/316L纤维生物复合材料的力学性能的影响规律.结果表明：纤维直径为40μm的复合材料力学性能优于纤维直径为50μm的复合材料;纤维长度为0.8～1.2mm的复合材料力学性能优于纤维长度为2～3mm的复合材料;随着纤维体积分数增大,纤维之间相互接触而导致在复合材料中形成的微孔增多,并成为微裂纹源,导致材料力学性能下降.含20vol%直径为40μm、长度为0.8～1.2mm的316L纤维的HA-ZrO_2（CaO）/316L纤维生物复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度、杨氏模量、断裂韧性和相对密度分别为140.1MPa、117.8GPa、5.81MPa·m~（1/2）和87.1%.复合材料微观组织随HA粉末和316L纤维成分的变化呈规律性变化,没有出现明显的裂纹或孔隙,316L纤维与HA-ZrO_2（CaO）基体紧紧地咬合在一起,其结合主要靠基体对316L纤维的物理附着力所致.基体中发生微量Fe元素扩散,但在316L纤维中不发生基体Ca、P元素的扩散.含5%316L纤维复合材料表现为脆性断裂,而含10%、20%、40%316L纤维复合材料均表现为韧性断裂,且韧性程度随316L纤维含量的增加而增大.     

固体电解质用于熔盐电解析氧过程的研究

将氧化物固体电解质制成析氧阳极,研究了在以析氧阳极和碳阴极构成的电解槽中氧化铝熔盐电解过程,测得分解电压约为1.67V,并定性地研究了固体电解质在冰晶石熔盐中的腐蚀问题,实验结果表明,电解条件下固体电解质管内外两表面间的电势差使固体电解质在冰晶石熔盐中存在溶解阻碍,有很好的耐腐蚀性能。