Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (aPDL1) to Locally Induce Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System

Immunotherapy is an efficient approach to clinical oncology. However, the immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) limits the application of immunotherapeutic strategies for brain cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is a further challenge in immunotherapies. To overcome the immunological tolerance of brain tumors, a novel multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) for highly efficient synergetic immunotherapy is reported. The NP contains an anti-PDL1 antibody (aPDL1), upconverting NPs, and the photosensitizer 5-ALA; the surface of the NP is conjugated with the B1R kinin ligand to facilitate transport across the blood-tumor-barrier. Upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, 5-ALA is transformed into protoporphyrin IX, generating reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) further promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and sensitizes tumors to PDL1 blockade therapy. It is demonstrated that combining PDT and aPDL1 can effectively suppress GBM growth in mouse models. The proposed NPs provide a novel and effective strategy for boosting anti-GBM photoimmunotherapy.     

应用组合起泡剂优化黑、白钨混合浮选

针对湖南某钨选厂使用杂醇类起泡剂BK205所产生的泡沫小、性脆、泡沫层薄等不利于二次浮选的特点,采用BK205与新型醚类起泡剂CU组合使用以便实现矿石中钨矿物的高效回收。结果表明,在采用BK205与新型醚类起泡剂CU组合质量比为3∶1、先BK205后CU的加药方式下,小型闭路试验得到精矿WO3品位为30.13%,回收率为78.98%。工业试验表明,组合起泡剂不仅改善浮选泡沫,减少药剂用量,降低药剂成本,而且能获得比原起泡剂更好的工业指标,使钨矿物得到更高效的回收。     

贵州遵义辣椒矿质元素含量与其品质相关性分析

采集贵州遵义地区辣椒样品,测定辣椒样品的12种矿质元素(K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Ni、Co)含量与4种品质指标(辣椒碱、VC、蛋白质、干物质),探讨辣椒品质与矿质元素的关系,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对辣椒品质进行分析。结果表明:遵义辣椒矿质元素含量呈现KPSMgCaFeZnMnCuNiMoCo的特征。与前人研究结果相比,遵义辣椒的蛋白质、VC、干物质含量高,营养丰富,而辣椒碱含量变化大。辣椒VC与Cu含量呈显著正相关(r=0.584,P0.05,n=16),与K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Zn含量亦呈正相关关系。主成分分析的前2个主成分解释的总方差贡献率为49.368%,辣椒碱是辣椒品质评价的重要参考指标,K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co为辣椒果实的特征元素。聚类分析结果表明辣椒品质和矿质元素在不同地域间存在差异,同一地域辣椒的品质与矿质元素含量往往相近,辣椒品质存在明显的地域分布特征。     

Hollow hierarchical Ni/MgO-SiO2 catalyst with high activity,thermal stability and coking resistance for catalytic dry reforming of methane

The methane dry reforming (DRM) simultaneously converts the two greenhouse gases and produces syngas (CO + H₂), which is being significant for both environmental and industrial consideration. Employing well-defined crystal oxides as precursors can produce Ni-based DRM catalysts with good sintering and coking resistance by enhancing the metal-support interactions. Adding basic promoters also is considered as an effective way to improve the coking resistance of DRM catalysts, although challenge remains in the control over the structure, morphology and interaction of the promoter in the catalyst. To well combine the two methods together for better catalytic performance, in this work a Ni/MgO-SiO₂ catalyst was synthesized through a facile one-pot hydrothermal process, during which Ni-phyllosilicate formed as the precursor of Ni particles and MgO promoter was generated in form of Mg-phyllosilicate. This Ni/MgO-SiO₂ had a hierarchical hollow sphere structure with large surface area (477.4 m²/g). Both the Ni particles (avg. 6.0 nm) and MgO promoter uniformly distributed. This hollow hierarchical catalyst performed high activity, thermal stability and coking resistance for catalytic dry reforming of methane.     

致密低渗透储层多尺度裂缝及其形成地质条件

根据限制致密低渗透砂岩储层天然裂缝扩展的岩石力学层及其界面特征，提出了多尺度裂缝的划分标准，探讨了多尺度裂缝形成的地质条件。根据油藏内天然裂缝规模及其控制界面，将天然裂缝分为大尺度裂缝、中尺度裂缝、小尺度裂缝和微尺度裂缝4级。大尺度裂缝在砂层组内发育，切割夹层，受隔层控制，延伸长度通常为百米级；中尺度裂缝在复合砂体内发育，切割层面，受夹层控制，延伸长度通常为数十米级；小尺度裂缝在单砂体内发育，受层面控制，延伸长度一般为米级至十米级；微尺度裂缝需要借助微观分析手段进行观察和识别，延伸长度一般为厘米级以下。不同尺度裂缝具有幂律分布的特点。裂缝尺度越大，数量越少；裂缝尺度越小，数量越多。多尺度裂缝的形成主要受岩石力学性质差异、岩石力学边界厚度和构造应力的控制。构造应力越大，越容易形成穿层的大尺度裂缝，较大的岩石力学性质差异和较厚的岩石力学边界才能够限制裂缝扩展；构造应力越小，越容易形成小尺度裂缝，较小的岩石力学性质差异和较薄的岩石力学边界就能够限制裂缝扩展。不同尺度裂缝对致密低渗透油藏的作用不同。微尺度裂缝主要起储集空间作用，改善了致密低渗透储层的储渗性能，是致密低渗透油藏稳产的重要因素；小尺度裂缝起储集空间和渗流通道作用，它们是控制致密低渗透储层早期产量高低的关键因素；大、中尺度裂缝主要起渗流作用，它们影响油藏开发中后期的剩余油分布规律。     

制备金属铪的新进展

金属铪在核能、航天以及军工领域有着得天独厚的优势,国内外对于金属铪的研究正如火如荼的进行。锆铪相伴而生,本文介绍了锆铪的火法和湿法分离,综述了金属热还原法和熔盐电脱氧法制备金属铪通过熔盐电解法、碘化精练法、电子束熔炼法精炼金属铪,就各种方法的优缺点和绿色生产的需求来看,新型熔盐电脱氧法和联合精炼法是值得发展和探究的方向。     

鄂尔多斯盆地致密油水平井注水吞吐开发实践——以延长组长7油层组为例

针对致密油藏长水平井自然能量开发后期如何补充能量的难题，在致密油藏注水吞吐采油机理、可动油定量评价和矿场试验评价的基础上，提出了水平井注水吞吐的选井条件和技术政策：①初期产量较高、含水较低、有一定稳产期的水平井实施注水吞吐效果较好。②从经济性和储层非均质性两方面考虑，若水平井单段人工裂缝破裂压力差异小，则采用经济、操作简单的笼统注水吞吐方式；若水平井单段人工裂缝破裂压力差异较大，采用分段注水吞吐方式能够较好提高段间注水波及面积，缺点是成本较高。③鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组致密油自然能量开发转注水吞吐补充能量时机为地层压力保持水平降到原始地层压力的60%；注水吞吐注水后地层压力保持水平达到原始地层压力的110%；单段注水速度为10~20 m³/d；焖井时间为10~13 d （1 000 m³注水量）；开井后水平井百米日产液量为1.5 m³/d。对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组的50多个井组开展了致密油水平井注水吞吐试验，有效井组的比例达到了约70%，平均井组增油量为610 t，取得了较好的实施效果。