钢铁生产的水能关系分析

从钢铁生产过程中水资源使用时的能耗角度研究了钢铁联合企业的水能关系，提出了水能强度的概念来评价企业生产过程中水资源利用的节能水平，建立了钢铁企业的水能关系模型。以中国某大型钢铁联合企业为例，计算并分析了该企业的水能关系。该企业总的水能量为55 709 kW·h/h，重复用水水能量占整个钢铁企业全部水能量的82%，补水水能量占16%，排水水能量占1%；各工序中热轧工序占比最大，其次是炼铁、炼钢工序，冷轧、烧结和炼焦工序较低。该企业的吨钢水能强度为0.208 kW·h/m3，炼铁工序的水能强度最高，热轧、炼钢工序次之，烧结、冷轧和炼焦工序较低。最后，从钢铁生产过程水资源利用的角度得到节能的方向及措施。     

A Novel Strategy for Preparing Stretchable and Reliable Biphasic Liquid Metal

Low‐melting liquid metal is a hugely promising material for flexible conductive patterns due to its excellent conductivity and supercompliance, especially low‐cost and environmental liquid processing technology. However, the ever‐present fluidity characteristic greatly limits the stable shape and reliability of prepared liquid metal conductive electronics. Herein, a novel solidification strategy of liquid GaIn alloys by Ni doping and heat treatment is first reported, which can efficiently create a solid phase in the liquid metal and provide an effective solution for practical applications. Particularly, the liquid characteristic is preserved for conveniently fabricating different flexible electronic circuits, and then the solidification is carried out on prepared conductive patterns by heat treatment. The solidification mechanism is revealed by the interface chemical reaction between Ni and GaIn, creating the solid phase of intermetallic compound (Ga₄Ni₃ and InNi₃) during heat treatment. Moreover, a biphasic GaInNi can be obtained by regulating the atomic ratio of gallium, indium, and nickel. As a result, the obtained GaInNi possesses extremely low sheet resistance (15 ± 4.5 to 135 ± 2.5 mΩ sq^?1) and the variation of ΔR/R₀ exhibits low level (0–2) when strained up to 100%, which offers a promising strategy to prepare stretchable and reliable liquid metal electronics.     

酶法制备元蘑蛋白肽及其分级组分抗氧化活性研究

研究风味蛋白酶制备元蘑蛋白肽的工艺条件，并分析蛋白肽分级组分氨基酸组成、红外结构及体外抗氧化活性。以水解度和DPPH·清除率为指标，在单因素试验基础上通过响应面法优化元蘑蛋白肽酶解条件；将元蘑蛋白肽按分子量大小分级为P₁（＜3.5 kDa）、P₂（3.5～10.0 kDa）及P₃（＞10.0 kDa）；分析3个组分氨基酸组成、红外光谱特征；分析DPPH·、ATBS⁺·、·OH等清除作用以及体外模拟胃肠消化作用。结果表明：风味蛋白酶制备元蘑蛋白肽的最佳条件为pH 7.6、酶解时间3.0 h、酶解温度42 ℃；3个组分中总氨基酸含量最高以及综合抗氧化效果最好的为大分子量的P₃ 组分（P＜0.05）；3个组分红外光谱峰形基本一致；通过体外模拟胃肠后3个组分活性基本没有变化。通过风味蛋白酶酶解并分级可以制得氨基酸含量丰富、性能稳定并具有较好抗氧化作用的元蘑蛋白肽；元蘑蛋白肽分子量越大，抗氧化效果越好。     

预旋对迷宫密封动静特性影响研究

建立迷宫密封实验装置与数值分析模型,研究进口预旋对密封系统静力与动力稳定性的影响,并以密封腔为单元对密封段转子受力进行分解,分析各密封腔在不同预旋情况下切向气流力变化影响。研究表明:各密封腔压力高点沿泄漏方向发生偏移是引起各密封腔切向气流力幅值及方向变化的原因;进口预旋可导致原压力高点发生偏移,其偏移方向与进口预旋方向一致,且越靠近进口偏移量越大;首个密封腔与其余腔室压力高点位置存在差异,导致其切向气流力随进口预旋比的变化趋势与其他密封腔相反;转子涡动将引起切向气流力整体偏移,但不改变进口预旋对各密封腔切向气流力作用效果;对于具有较多齿数的迷宫密封,正预旋将降低系统稳定性,而对于具有较少齿数的迷宫密封,正预旋有可能增加系统稳定性。     

12R22.5全钢轮胎成型机扇形块形状仿真优化

针对12R22.5全钢轮胎出现的轮胎胎圈部位内凹和胎体帘线抽出等缺陷，利用有限元分析技术对成型机扇形块轮廓形状进行优化。通过扇形块参数调整使其横向压紧力、垂向压紧力和胎圈部位面积达到优化目标，使用优化后的扇形块提高了成型胎坯工艺质量和稳定性，同时延长了成型胶囊使用寿命。     

Macromolecular motions and hydrodynamic radius variation in dilute solutions under shear action

Understanding the dynamics of single polymer chains and rheological mechanism in dilute polymer solutions under shear stress is essential for fields such as the petroleum and food industries, biomedical materials and drug delivery. Here we present an experimental method for measuring the viscosity of polymer solutions and studying the variation of single polymer chain conformation and the mechanism of molecular motions according to the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity, [η], and the shear rate. Of striking interest is that we find that [η] changing with the shear rate presents three stages which may explain the nature of the viscoelastic performance of polymer solutions and the isolated molecular motions. The significance of these results is the finding of the polymer chain deformation to match the pore throat which has enormous potential implications in drug delivery, genetics and biomedicine © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.     

低场核磁结合电子鼻判定复合保鲜剂对冷藏虹鳟鱼片品质变化的影响

以质构、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值及菌落总数为评价指标,同时采用低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)及电子鼻技术对鱼片贮藏期间的水分和挥发性成分变化进行检测,研究复合保鲜剂(壳聚糖、茶多酚及柠檬汁)对虹鳟鱼片贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明,复合保鲜剂组能较好地维持鱼片质构特性,同时可延缓鱼片TBA值、TVB-N值及菌落总数的增加。低场核磁测得两组鱼片贮藏期间T21幅值逐渐降低,在贮藏后期(12~14d),保鲜剂组鱼片自由水比例显著低于对照组(P0.05),且两组鱼片自由水比例与初期比较均增加。电子鼻PCA分析及LDA分析均可较好地区分贮藏期间鱼片的品质变化,LA分析发现引起鱼片新鲜度变化的主要成分为氮氧化合物、无机硫化物、芳香成分物质和乙醇等,而PCA分析结果表明对照组鱼片第6天开始发生腐败变质,保鲜剂组鱼片第10天开始趋于腐败。综上表明,低场核磁及电子鼻检测结果与理化指标结果具有一致性。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯微孔注塑发泡成型

对不同填充形式下的3种聚丙烯(PP)进行Mucell微孔注射成型试验。根据扫描电镜(SEM)结果得出:3种PP发泡差别较大且出现了明显的分层现象。通过单因素四水平试验法,考察了在微孔注射成型过程中3种PP的熔体温度和注射速度对制品拉伸强度的影响。结果表明:随着熔体温度的增加,发泡材料的拉伸强度基本呈现上升趋势;较低的注射速度得到的样条残余玻纤长度较长,材料力学性能较好;进而得到了发泡样条的宏观力学性能与残余玻纤长度之间的关系。     

纯镁表面硅烷/透明质酸钠复合涂层的结构及腐蚀性能研究

纯镁因较快的腐蚀速率使其用于手术移植材料成为了一个障碍。为了控制其降解速率,本研究采用BTSE(1,2-(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷)硅烷化处理和共键嫁接1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)/N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)交联改性的透明质酸钠涂层的两步制备工艺在纯镁上制备复合涂层。同时使用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和静态接触角方法(CA)分析涂层的物化性能,通过电化学行为分析涂层在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能。FTIR和XPS结果表明在纯镁表面上成功的制备出复合涂层;其他结果显示,交联透明质酸钠涂层表面较裸镁、硅烷表面更平整、光滑,且呈现出亲水性,提高了其生物活性;与未改性的纯镁相比,复合涂层的腐蚀电流密度减小了2个数量级,阻抗值提高3个数量级,表现出很好的耐腐蚀性能。表明这种复合涂层作为手术移植材料在医学上具有很大的应用前景。     

A triple-shape memory material fabricated by in situ crosslinking of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/ε-polycaprolactone via electron-beam irradiation and its triple-shape memory effects

In this work, we fabricated a triple-shape memory polymeric material though in situ crosslinking of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/ε-polycaprolactone blends induced by electron beam irradiation. The intrinsic property of irradiation crosslinking, crosslinking rule in this heterogeneous system, formation of interfacial bridge molecular, and the resulted interfacial strength were investigated. No obvious interfacial slips were observed in tensile test, and the elongation at break was above 900%. The high-temperature relaxation and recovery experiments at nonlinear region confirmed the excellent hyperelasticity and recovery ratios (R_r ) can be as high as 95% for samples irradiated above 96 kGy. The mismatch between heating rate and relaxation kinetics resulted in both instable temporary shapes and heating-mode dependent recovery behavior during the recovery process. Self-stability of the temporary shape at middle temperature was also emphasized in view of the phenomenon that the second R_r was above 100% in our experiments. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48588.