Peptide-Mimicking Poly(2-oxazoline)s Displaying Potent Antimicrobial Properties

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have excellent biocompatibility and have been used as FDA-approved indirect food additives. The inert property of the hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)s suggests them as promising substitutes for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in various applications such as anti-biofouling agents. It was recently reported that poly(2-oxazoline)s themselves have antimicrobial properties as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides. These studies revealed the bioactive properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a new class of functional peptide mimics, by mimicking host defense peptides to display potent and selective antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo, without concerns about antimicrobial resistance. The high structural diversity, facile synthesis, and potent and tunable antimicrobial properties underscore the great potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s as a class of novel antimicrobial agents in dealing with drug-resistant microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance.     

Impact of bioethanol impurities on steam reforming for hydrogen production: A review

Hydrogen fuel cells (H₂–FCs) are promising devices for pollution-free and efficient power production. Renewable H₂ from biomass is often produced through catalytic ethanol steam reforming (ESR), which requires a steam/ethanol molar ratio of at least three. The bioethanol obtained by biomass fermentation contains large amounts of water and can be directly subjected to ESR without complex purification steps. However, a wide spectrum of impurities is present in such bioethanol samples, thus complicating the ESR process. Acetic acid, fusel alcohols, ethyl acetate, and sulfur components have been reported as important bioethanol impurities, and also as the main precursors of carbon deposits on the ESR catalyst. On the other hand, amines, methanol, and aldehydes, which are minor bioethanol impurities, have been reported to enhance the H₂ production. This review seeks to define alternatives to reduce the above negative impurities and increase the positive ones during biomass pretreatment and fermentation. Additionally, ESR catalysts are reviewed to identify the features that make them more resistant to deactivation. The combination of strategies to control the impurities during biomass pretreatment, fermentation, purification and the development of highly resistant catalysts may allow processes to produce H₂ from biomass with a low carbon footprint, rendering H₂–FCs an environmentally friendly technology for power production.     

Nanorattle Au@PtAg encapsulated in ZIF-8 for enhancing CO2 photoreduction to CO

Nano Research - Imidazolate-based ZIF-8 catalysts M@ZIF-8 (M = Au NR, Au@Ag NR, or Au@PtAg NRT; NR = nanorod, NRT = nanorattle), were assembled. Au NRs acted as the core for the epitaxial growth of...     

1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸的合成方法及其应用

1_氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸是一种非蛋白氨基酸,具有独特的生物活性。本文概述了1一氨基环丙烷一卜羧酸的主要合成方法及其应用。     

玻璃钢的阻燃机理与途径

本文介绍了玻璃钢的可燃性以及不同类型阻燃添加剂的阻燃机理,最后提出了提高聚酯玻璃钢和环氧玻璃钢阻燃性的途径。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polytetrafluoroethylene (PDMS-PTFE) composite membrane for pervaporation of chloroform from aqueous solution

Hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane — polytetrafluoroethylene (PDMS-PTFE) flat-sheet membranes for pervaporation (PV) of chloroform from aqueous solution were successfully fabricated by solution casting method. The structures and the performance of the membranes was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the tests of contact angle and mechanical properties. The adding of PTFE particles (<4 μm) in the PDMS matrix enhanced the crystallinity, hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and thermal stability of the membranes. The examinations showed that the PTFE filled PDMS membranes exhibited striking advantages in flux and separation factor as compared with unfilled PDMS membranes. All the filled PDMS membranes with different PTFE content showed excellent PV properties for the separation of chloroform from water. When the content of the PTFE additive in PDMS composite membrane was 30 wt%, membrane performance was the best at feed temperature 50 °C and permeate-side vacuum 0.101MPa. For the 30% PTFE-PDMS membrane, with the increase of the feed temperature from 30 to 60 °C, the total, water and chloroform fluxes as well as the separation factor increased, the apparent activation energy (ΔEa) of total, chloroform and water were 21.08, 66.65 and 11.49 KJ/mol, respectively, with an increase of chloroform concentration in the feed from 50 to 950 ppm, total, water and chloroform fluxes increased but the separation factor decreased.     

磺酸基降解黄原胶选择性清除血浆LDL/Fib的研究

以黄原胶为原料,进行酸降解,再以3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为磺化试剂,在适当的条件下进行磺化反应,获得降解黄原胶磺化衍生物。考察降解黄原胶相对分子质量以及3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠用量对产物磺酸基含量的影响,确立较优化的磺化反应条件。以降解黄原胶磺化衍生物为净化剂,研究其选择清除血浆中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及纤维蛋白原(Fib)的性能。结果表明,在pH=5.10,净化剂浓度为2500 mg/L时,可使血浆总胆固醇(TC)下降45%左右,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降24%,纤维蛋白原清除近100%,而对总蛋白和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)影响较小。     

螺旋气升式内环流反应器流动特性

以水和空气两相系统为研究对象,建立螺旋气升式内环流反应器冷模实验装置,采用压差法测定导流筒升流区气含率,用电导法分别实测了升流区液相速度和反应器混合时间,研究螺旋气升式内环流反应器的流动特性,并与传统气升式内环流反应器的流动特性进行对比研究。结果表明,加螺环后反应器气含率明显增加,平均增幅为20%,升流区液相表观速度减小,混合时间增加。     

CO与亚硝酸甲酯催化偶联合成草酸二甲酯的本征动力学研究

在微型管式反应器中,采用高效的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,在388～418 K的温度范围,1∶1～3∶1的CO与MN比,50～150 mL/min的原料气流速条件下进行了CO与亚硝酸甲酯催化偶联合成草酸二甲酯的本征动力学实验;通过对反应机理的推导,动力学模型的筛选及优化,得出CO偶联合成草酸二甲酯的本征动力学模型。结果表明:CO与亚硝酸甲酯催化偶联合成草酸二甲酯是以表面羰化反应为控制步骤。     

双电层电容器用沥青焦基活性炭的制备工艺条件对其孔结构及电化学性能的影响

以沥青焦为原料，KOH为活化剂在不同的工艺条件下制备了双层电容器用活性炭电极材料。分别考察了活化剂用量、活化时间、以及加入Cu、Ni催化活化等工艺条件对活性炭孔结构及作为双电层电容器电极的电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在实验范围内增加KOH用量及活化时间，活性炭的比表面积和比电容增加，比电容最高达到247F／g。添加Cu、Ni催化活化后活性炭的比表面积及比电容增加，高功率放电性能明显改善。