Preparation and photocatalytic activity of La^3＋ and Eu^3＋ co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles： photo-assisted degradation of methylene blue

Rare earth ions La³⁺ and Eu³⁺ co-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst (La-Eu/TiO₂) was prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area and porosity (BET and BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the La-Eu/TiO₂ was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The catalyst had a relatively uniform particle diameter distribution in the range of 40–60 nm. When calcining at 600°C, the XRD patterns of La-Eu/TiO₂ indicated the anatase phase, while the XPS patterns showed the Ti⁴⁺, La³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions existence. The DRS spectra showed red shift in the band-gap transition. The experimental results of MB degradation demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of La-Eu/TiO₂ was significantly enhanced due to better separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.  

钛合金固态相变的归纳与讨论(Ⅲ)——常用检测方法

总结和归纳了常用4类检测方法(光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射、透射电子显微镜)在钛合金固态相变研究中的应用特点和适用范围,指出了钛合金中典型相和相变过程的分析与区别方法,运用实例说明了一般钛合金固态相变的研究思路.  

Hydrothermal preparation and persistence characteristics of nanosized phosphor SrS：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋

Nanosized long-persistent phosphors SrS: Eu2+, Dy3+ were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and charge-coupled device spectrometry. The persistence characteristic was studied using the decay curves. The results showed that the emission intensity decreased sharply with temperature increasing, although the particle size increased. The S2- vacancies caused by oxidization served as shallow traps, and Dy3+ served as deep traps in SrS: Eu2+, Dy3+. The afterglow intensity of SrS: Eu2+, Dy3+ was higher than that of SrS: Eu2+ prepared at the same temperature. However, the minimization span of initial afterglow with temperature for the former sample was larger than that for the latter. Binary-doped phosphor decayed more slowly than the singly doped one. The afterglow of SrS: Eu2+, Dy3+ decayed more quickly with the increase of sintering temperature.  

Structural characterization and corrosive property of Ni-P/CeO2composite coating

Electroless Ni-P/nano-CeO2 composite coating was prepared in acidic condition, and its microstructure and corrosive property were compared with its CeO2-free counterpart. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to examine surface morphology and microstructure of the coating. Corrosive investigation was carried out in 3%NaCl+5%H2SO4 solution. The results showed that Ni-P coating had partial amorphous structure mixed with nanocrystals, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had perfect amorphous structure. In high temperature condition, Ni3P precipitation and Ni crystallization occurred in both coatings but at different temperatures, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had sintered phase of NiCe2O4 spinels. The anticorrosion property and passivity were improved in the CeO2-containing coating due to its less liability to undergo local-cell corrosion than its CeO2-free counterpart. During the co-deposition process, some Cen+ (n=3, 4) ions may be adsorbed to the metal/solution interface, hinder nickel's crystal-typed deposition and promote phosphorous deposition. The nano-CeO2 doping finally resulted in the coating' perfect amorphous structure and good anti-corrosive property.  

Synthesis and characterization of mesostructured ceria-zirconia solid solution

Mesostructured Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 solid solutions were synthesized by coprecipitation combined with evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 sorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the solid solutions consisted of uniform nanocrystals, which piled homogeneous mesopores of about 4 nm. Furthermore, different surfactants had little influence on the mesoporous structures. All these samples exhibited high thermal stability.  

Investigation on the icosahedral quasicrystal phase in Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 alloy

Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 (mole fraction) alloy containing icosahedral quasicrystal phase (I-phase) was prepared under conventional metal casting conditions. The microstructure, phase constitution and phase structure of the alloy were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The re-sults showed that the spherical phase in MgT70.8Zn28Nd1.2 alloy was a simple icosahedral quasicrystal with stoichiometric composition of Mg40Zn55Nd5 and quasi-lattice of 0.525 nm. In this research, the as-cast microstructure of Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 alloy mainly consisted of Mg40Zn55Nd5 icosahedral quasicrystal phase and Mg7Zn3 columnar crystal matrix. In the growing process of Mg40Zn55Nd5 icosahedral qua-sicrystal phase, the growth morphology mainly depended on interface energy, adsorption effect of Nd and cooling rate.  

Synthesis and luminescent properties of Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 translucent ceramic

Lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) precursors doped with different Pr3+ concentration (0.25at.%, 0.5at.%, 1.0at.%, 3.0at.%, 5.0at.%) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate as precipitant. The phase evolution and mor-phology of the precursor were characterized with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resultant LuAG:Pr3+ powder was sintered into translucent ceramic without any additives in vacuum at 1150℃ and then in nitrogen atmosphere at 1700℃. Photohiminescence spectra of LuAG:Pr3+ powder and ceramic were measured at room temperature in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (VU) region. For the 5d-4f transition of Pr3+ ions, dominant emission of ceramic samples peaking round 311 nm had higher lumines-cence intensity. And the host absorption in ceramic samples was not as intensive as that in powder samples. The luminescent intensity of LuAG:Pr3+ varied with the Pr3+ contents and the quenching concentration was about 1.0at.% for ceramic and 3.0at.% for powder, which was much higher than 0.24at.% for LuAG:Pr3+ single crystals. This phenomenon showed that the ceramic had some superiority over single crystals.  

Nanostructured Yb：GGG polycrystalline powders via gel combustion method

Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) nanopowders doped with ytterbium ions (Yb:GGG) were synthesized with citric acid as a fuel via gel combustion method. The optimized conditions for preparing Yb3+:Gd3Ga5O12 nanopowders were discussed. The heat behavior, struc-ture and morphology of powders were analyzed with thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR) and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). TG-DTA analysis revealed that the weight loss of the precursor occured below 800 ℃ and its crystalli-zation temperature was 830.6 ℃. XRD and IR analysis showed that the precursor converted directly into pure GGG at a relatively lower tem-perature (900 ℃) without any other intermediate phase. The lattice constant was 1.2377 calculated by extrapolation method. TEM results in-dicated that the spherical powders showed good dispersity and had a relatively narrow size distribution with average particle size of approxi-mately 40-50 nm, which was favorable for good sinterability of Yb:GCG laser ceramic.  

Ceria modified three-dimensionally ordered macro-porous Pt/TiO2 catalysts for water-gas shift reaction

Three-dimensionally ordered macro-porous(3DOM) TiO2 and ceria-modified 3DOM TiO2 supported platinum catalysts were pre-pared with template and impregnation methods, and the resultant samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray dif-fractometer(XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and texture programmed reduction(TPR) techniques. The catalytic performances over the platinum-based catalysts were investigated for water-gas shift (WGS) reaction in a wide temperature range macro-porous catalyst, owing to the macro-porous structure favoring mass uansfer. Addition of ceria into 3DOM Pt/TiO2 led to improvement of catalytic activity. TPR and HRTEM results showed that the interaction existed between ceria and titanium oxide and addition of ceria promoted the reducibility of platinum oxide and TiO2 on the interface of platinum and TiO2 particles, which contributed to high activity of the ceria modi-fied catalysts. The results indicated that ceria-modified 3DOM Pt/TiO2 was a promising candidate of fuel cell oriented WGS catalyst.  

Hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg20-xLaxNi10（X=0-6） alloys prepared by melt-spinning

In order to improve the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation performances of the Mg2Ni-type alloys, Mg was partially substituted by La in the alloy, and melt spinning technology was used for the preparation of the Mg20-xLaxNi10 (x=0, 2, 4, 6) hydrogen storage alloys. The structures of the alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that no amorphous phase formed in the as-spun La-free alloy, but the as-spun alloys containing La held a major amorphous phase. When La content x≤2, the major phase in the as-cast alloys was Mg2Ni phase, but with further increase of La content, the major phase of the as-cast alloys changed into LaNi5+LaMg3 phase. Thermal stability of the as-spun alloys was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing that spinning rate was a negligible factor on the crystallization temperature of the amor-phous phase. The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the as-cast and as-spun alloys were measured using an automatically con-trolled Sieverts apparatus, confirming that the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacities and kinetics of the as-cast alloys clearly in-creased with rising La content. For La content x=2, the as-spun alloy displayed optimal hydrogen desorption kinetics at 200 ℃.