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1.
Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important components of fuel cells. In order to improve the fuel cell performance, GDL has developed from single layer to dual layers, and then to multiple layers. However, dual or multi layers in GDL are usually prepared by layer-by-layer methods, which cost too much time, energy, and resources. In this work, we successfully developed a facile one-step method to prepare a GDL with three functional layers by utilizing the different sedimentation rates and filtration rates of short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The treatment temperature for this GDL is much lower than that of traditional method. The thickness of the GDL can be effectively controlled from as thin as 50 μm to more than 200 μm by simply adjusting the content of CF. The GDL with high flexibility is suitable to develop high performance flexible electronics. The fuel cell with the GDL has the maximum power density 1021 mW cm?2, which shows 19% improvement comparing to the conventional one. Therefore, this work breaks the traditional concept that GDL for fuel cells only can be prepared by very complex and high-cost procedure.  相似文献   
2.
针对服装生产存在的多品种、小批量、短周期等普遍现象,提出以模块化为基础的服装智能生产编排算法,以实现混合流水线下多款服装的快速生产。以服装模块划分为基础,建立模块化服装生产排序与工序分配的联合优化数学模型,设计目标追踪遗传算法求解模型,实现模块化服装在同一流水线上的投产排序优化及服装加工工序的自动化编排。以2款相近衬衫为例进行测试,结果表明:模块化服装混合流水线平滑系数和编制效率分别达到3.359和97.9%,相较于小批量的单件流生产,编制效率和流水线的平衡稳定性均有显著提升。本文研究可为服装智能制造与精益生产的推进提供理论参考。  相似文献   
3.
为解决现有针织机电磁选针器在提花作业中存在织物花型失真、次品率难以降低的问题,提出基于压电黏合体的选针动作信号检测方案。通过设计选针器挡板振动特性检测实验,分析挡板受迫振动的信号特性,探索将挡板受迫振动的冲击力信号作为检测选针动作关键数据的可行性;同时制备压电黏合体来感知挡板的微力应变以实现选针动作的冲击力信号的检测;并对所设计的压电黏合体频谱进行分析,对其进行电学建模及振动信号检测电路的设计,提出基于振动信号检测反馈机制的电磁选针半闭环控制策略。结果表明:在现场工况下本控制策略能够实现针对选针器提花动作的实时监测与有效性反馈,为降低提花作业中布匹的次品率提供了技术解决途径。  相似文献   
4.
Catalyst slurries (inks) were prepared with and without thermal treatment to determine the support/ionomer structures and interactions in the catalyst layer (CL) which impact on membrane electrode performance and durability. The thermal treatment of the ink has a nominal effect on the ionomer/support structure in which the carbon support is non-graphitised. The agglomerate/aggregate structures have a high degree of support/ionomer interface and sufficient macroporosity for water movement in the CL. This improves the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance, but also accelerates electrochemical carbon degradation. Thermal treatment of graphitised support-containing inks resulted in increased performance facilitated by a larger support/ionomer interface. Without thermal treatment, the more hydrophobic support would form aggregate structures in which water contact was restricted, limiting proton transfer, isolating catalyst, decreasing performance. The water limited access, would however, prolong stability during accelerates carbon degradation. The electrochemical properties were studied using full and half MEA cells.  相似文献   
5.
为了探索适用于模块式小堆(SMR)的燃料组件优化设计,本文针对截短型CF2燃料组件在SMR参数范围下的热工-水力性能开展分析研究,获得搅混格架的间距及布置形式对于燃料组件热工-水力性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:①低流量工况下,搅混格架间距过长或过短都将降低燃料组件的热工性能,设计上应合理考虑搅混格架间距;② 燃料组件加热段上游区域的搅混格架布置对于提升SMR燃料组件的热工性能不明显,设计上在此区域应简化布置;③ SMR在正常运行与事故工况下,燃料组件的中下游区域的状态点参数相对恶劣,在中下游区域合理地设计搅混格架的间距与布置可以显著地提升燃料组件的热工性能,提高热工安全裕量。本文研究结果可为SMR燃料组件的设计优化提供参考。   相似文献   
6.
可燃毒物在长寿期压水堆中起着至关重要的作用,板状燃料组件在长寿期压水堆中具有较好的应用前景。本文开展长寿期压水堆板状燃料组件可燃毒物选型及中子学特性研究,对含不同可燃毒物的板状燃料组件进行输运-燃耗计算,筛选出中子学性能较好的可燃毒物。结果表明,采用富集同位素157Gd、167Er和B4C作为可燃毒物时,几乎无反应性惩罚;当采用PACS-J和231Pa作为可燃毒物时,因其自身特性,在寿期末不仅未造成反应性惩罚,且延长了组件寿期,提高了燃料利用率;PACS-J与慢燃耗可燃毒物组合,可获得更优的反应性曲线。由本文结果可知,板状燃料组件可以选用富集同位素157Gd、富集同位素167Er、B4C、231Pa和PACS-J作为可燃毒物,可燃毒物组合可以选用PACS-Er和PACS-Pa两种组合方案。  相似文献   
7.
The methylation of adenosine in the N6 position (m6A) is a widely used modification of eukaryotic mRNAs. Its importance for the regulation of mRNA translation was put forward recently, essentially due to the ability of methylated mRNA to be translated in conditions of inhibited cap-dependent translation initiation, e.g., under stress. However, the peculiarities of translation initiation on m6A-modified mRNAs are not fully known. In this study, we used toeprinting and translation in a cell-free system to confirm that m6A-modified mRNAs can be translated in conditions of suppressed cap-dependent translation. We show for the first time that m6A-modified mRNAs display not only decreased elongation, but also a lower efficiency of translation initiation. Additionally, we report relative resistance of m6A-mRNA translation initiation in the absence of ATP and inhibited eIF4A activity. Our novel findings indicate that the scanning of m6A-modified leader sequences is performed by a noncanonical mechanism.  相似文献   
8.
Orifice flowmeters are widely used in industry due to their simple design, ruggedness, and easy installation. However, high-pressure losses, measurement accuracy, and long pipe length requirements are still significant concerns. Typically, conical entry orifice plates at a 45-degree conical angle are recommended by orifice standards, especially for low Reynolds numbers instead of the sharp-edged orifice plates, which pose stability. The primary goal here is to develop the conical entry orifice plates further over a broader range of Reynolds numbers. In this case, a 45-degree conical angle may seem questionable since the optimization of conical angles has not been studied so far. To clarify that point and reach the new technical data about the conical entry orifice plates, orifice plates in different orifice diameter ratios (0.4, 0.5, 0.63) and beveled with different conical angles (15°, 30°, 45°) were tested numerically through water flow simulations inside a pipe with an inner diameter of 50.8 mm at different Reynolds numbers (5000,18,400, 91,100, 240,000).According to the analysis made, the 30-degree conical angle orifice plate was the best in reducing pressure losses, resulting in pressure losses 37–52% less than that of sharp-edged orifice plates in the min-max range. Furthermore, it reduced the pressure losses by 13–21 % more than that of the 45-degree conical angle. These last outcomes indicate that current orifice standards needs a modification into the recommended conical angles. Through these findings, pressure losses in multi-hole plate flow conditioners can be reduced considerably when the holes are beveled at the 30-degree conical angle.Also in the study, the axial characteristic lengths relevant to recirculation region, flow recovery and vena contracta were predicted approximately, along with the derived numerical correlations resulting with constants. Moreover, the effect of orifice plates exposed to an upstream distorted velocity profile on orifice flows was tested numerically. According to this evaluation, the lowest measurement errors were observed at the 30-degree conical angle orifice plate, about 30–70 % less than that of the sharp-edged orifice plate in the min-max range.  相似文献   
9.
Determining the structure of the (oligomeric) intermediates that form during the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides is challenging because of their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Thus, there is need for methodology to analyze the underlying molecular structure of these transient species. In this work, a combination of fluorescence quenching, photo-induced crosslinking (PIC) and molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the assembly of a synthetic amyloid-forming peptide, Aβ16-22. A PIC amino acid containing a trifluormethyldiazirine (TFMD) group—Fmoc(TFMD)Phe—was incorporated into the sequence (Aβ*16–22). Electrospray ionization ion-mobility spectrometry mass-spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS) analysis of the PIC products confirmed that Aβ*16–22 forms assemblies with the monomers arranged as anti-parallel, in-register β-strands at all time points during the aggregation assay. The assembly process was also monitored separately using fluorescence quenching to profile the fibril assembly reaction. The molecular picture resulting from discontinuous molecule dynamics simulations showed that Aβ16-22 assembles through a single-step nucleation into a β-sheet fibril in agreement with these experimental observations. This study provides detailed structural insights into the Aβ16-22 self-assembly processes, paving the way to explore the self-assembly mechanism of larger, more complex peptides, including those whose aggregation is responsible for human disease.  相似文献   
10.
根据特定产品生产工艺要求,设计了一种用于圆柱内壁件作业的内撑式抓取与下压装配机械手。该机械手在手指系统与筒状手掌之间采用弹性连接。在高速作业过程中,这类弹性连接形成手指系统的残留振动。在对机械手结构设计思想与结构介绍的基础上,对机械手系统采用Adams运动仿真,分析了弹簧系统参数对手指系统的残留振动的影响,并对影响机械手振动特性的关键参数——连接弹簧的参数进行了优化选择。实际机械手的运行结果表明,该机械手结构与弹性参数的选择可以很好地满足特定对象的作业要求。  相似文献   
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