Corrosion behavior of a Mo(Si,Al)2 composite at 1700°C in 95% N2 + 5% H2

A Mo(Si, Al)₂ based composite was pre-oxidized to establish an alumina scale on the material surface. Thereafter, the corrosion behavior of the composite was examined at 1700 °C for up to 24 h in 95% N₂ + 5% H₂.The weight change was followed by recording the material weight before and after exposure. The crystalline corrosion products were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the microstructure of the cross sectioned material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).It was shown that AlN and Al₅O₆N layers developed on top of the pre-oxidized alumina layer and alumina threads develop out from the specimen surface. The accompanied aluminum consumption converts the substrate Mo(Si,Al)₂ into Mo₅Si₃ immediately below the alumina scale to the extent that the Mo₅Si₃ becomes porous underneath the alumina scale. Corrosion mechanisms are discussed with the support of thermodynamic calculations.     

High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Alloys in Exhaust Environments I-Ductile Cast Irons

The oxidation behavior of two ductile cast irons was investigated in synthetic diesel and gasoline exhaust gases. The alloys were a SiMo (Fe3.86Si0.6Mo3C) and a Ni-Resist (Fe32Ni5.3Si2.1C). Polished sections were exposed at temperatures between 650 and 1,050 °C, mostly for 50 h. The oxidation product was characterized by means of SEM/EDX, AES, XPS and XRD. Iron oxides nodules formed above a continuous layer of Fe–Si-oxide for SiMo. The alloy failed in forming a continuous silica layer at low temperatures. At 850 °C and above silica was formed, but austenite formation enhanced the decarburization. Escaping CO/CO₂ increased the oxide porosity, and consequently the oxidation rate. The oxidation resistance of Ni-Resist was dependent on Cr assisting the formation of SiO₂. However, this effect was restrained to cell boundaries in particular when water enhanced the Cr evaporation or the diffusion was slow at low temperatures. Then, the rapid oxidation left metallic Ni particles in the inner oxide.     

喷丸与沉积稀土薄膜对TP304H钢在SO2-O2气氛中高温腐蚀的影响

采用喷丸与电泳沉积稀土薄膜复合处理工艺对TP304H钢表面进行处理，在管式高温腐蚀试验装置中，以650℃通入1％SO2 14％O2 85％Ar混合气体腐蚀150h评价其抗腐蚀性能。结果表明，虽然单一沉积稀土氧化物薄膜和喷丸均能不同程度地提高抗腐蚀性能，但以复合处理效果最好。该处理方法可使试验周期内腐蚀增重量减少近50％，生成的腐蚀产物膜连续致密。X-ray衍射分析证明复合处理改变了腐蚀产物的物相构成，主要相成分由未处理样品的Fe2O3／Fe1-xS／Ni1-xS转变为Cr2O3／FeCr2S4／Ni3-xS2。最后讨论了喷丸与电泳沉积稀土薄膜复合处理提高抗腐蚀性能的机理，认为复合处理效果在于喷丸处理有效促进表层附近区域合金元素Cr向表层富集，稀土氧化物则促进了Cr的选择性氧化。     

High temperature corrosion mechanisms and effect of alloying elements for materials used in waste incineration environment

Corrosion products on two typical materials, SA213-T12 steel and alloy 625 exposed to the actual combustion gas, were analyzed in addition to laboratory tests for penetration of corrosive matter. It has been clarified that corrosion products of oxides containing a little chlorides and sulphides show lamellar structures and that at the alloy-scale interface, chlorination, sulphidation, and oxidation occur under a low P_O2-high P_Cl2 condition. The formation of scale structures and the effect of corrosion-resistant alloying elements can be explained according to the stability tendencies of metals, chlorides, and oxides in the M-Cl-O equilibrium diagrams. The severity of corrosion environments at the interface is influenced by the penetration extent of corrosive matters through deposits and scales, and the protective effects of oxide films derived from alloying elements play an important role in preventing the corrosion. On the other hand, it has been shown that thermal fluctuation characterized in this kind of environment makes the lamellar scale structures and sometimes breaks and peels off the scale, and thus accelerates the corrosion. On the basis of the above mentioned knowledge, a new corrosion model is presented.     

Effect of temperature on corrosion behavior of alloy 690 in high temperature hydrogenated water

The influence of temperature on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 is evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The corrosion rate of Alloy 690 reaches a local maximum at 250?C.The kinetic control step of the growth of oxide film changes from the diffusion process of aqueous-phase ions to the growth of Cr-rich barrier layer in the temperature range of 200–300?C.A modified double-layer model is proposed to describe the effect of temperature on the structure and composition of the oxide film.     

Uniform corrosion behavior of FeCrAl alloys in borated and lithiated high temperature water

The uniform corrosion behavior of model FeCrAl alloys as well as commercial Zircaloy-4 as reference material were investigated in 360℃borated and lithiated water.The results reveal that FeCrAl alloys exhibited better corrosion resistance than Zircaloy-4.It is found that the oxide films formed on the FeCrAl alloys are composed of outer Fe3O4 layer,inner layer consisting of compact spinel layer and porous spinel layer,and transition layer containing Al-Cr-rich oxides and matrix enriched with Fe.The spinel oxides in the inner layer are FeFe2-x-y-zCrxAlyMozO4.The corrosion mechanism of FeCrAl alloys in high temperature water is discussed.     

Corrosion of furnace wall materials in waste-wood fired power plant

Abstract

Corrosion tests were performed with four different materials exposed at the furnace wall in a power boiler burning recycled wood, with the aim of evaluating coatings to reduce the corrosion. The nickel base Alloy 625 and the iron–chromium–aluminium alloy Kanthal APMT had the lowest corrosion rates followed by the stainless steel 310S. The low alloy steel 16Mo3, from which the walls are constructed, had the highest rate. Different corrosion mechanisms were found to occur according to the alloy type. Thermodynamic modelling showed that chlorine gas exists at extremely low levels under the prevailing conditions and the hydrated form is thermodynamically favoured.     

SCC behaviours of austenitic stainless steel Z3CN20-09M in high temperature water

Abstract

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviours of Z3CN20-09M stainless steel in high temperature water containing Cl⁻ were studied. The results indicated that SCC sensitivity was inconsistent with test temperature. The minimum and maximum of SCC sensitivity occurred at 320 and 290°C respectively, and SCC sensitivity at 250°C fell between them. SCC crack initiated preferentially at bottom of corrosion pit or along phase boundary between austenite and ferrite, and its propagation depended on relative orientation to the phase boundary. SCC crack parallel to the phase boundary propagated along the phase boundary, while that perpendicular to the phase boundary was hindered to propagate.     

Repassivation behavior of alloy 690TT in simulated primary water at different temperatures

The repassivation behavior of Alloy 690 T T in simulated primary water at different temperatures was investigated by the rapid scratching electrode technique together with electrochemical measurements.The results showed that the repassivation process had three stages: the initial stage conformed to the place exchange model, the final stage conformed to the high field ion conduction model and in between there was a transition stage. At the initial stage, when the repassivation process of alloys was controlled by the place exchange model, anodic dissolution of substrate was dominated;after the film coverage rate was more than 0.99, the repassivation process of alloys was controlled by high field ion conduction model. Increasing the temperature resulted in a reduction of the repassivation rate and protectiveness of the passive film. The correlations among several mechanisms describing the repassivation behavior of alloys were discussed.     

电弧喷涂技术在电厂中的应用

综述了电弧喷涂技术在电厂的应用情况,根据不同的腐蚀环境和磨损情况进行了分析。分别就电厂钢结构及输电设施的长效防腐、电厂各种管路的长效防腐、锅炉“四管”高温防腐、轴类零件及风机叶轮等易磨损件的修复等提出了采用电弧喷涂技术的解决方案,并列举了一些应用实例。