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1.
Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a family of neuropeptides identified in numerous insects and many other invertebrates. LKs act on G-protein-coupled receptors that display only distant relations to other known receptors. In adult Drosophila, 26 neurons/neurosecretory cells of three main types express LK. The four brain interneurons are of two types, and these are implicated in several important functions in the fly’s behavior and physiology, including feeding, sleep–metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. The 22 neurosecretory cells (abdominal LK neurons, ABLKs) of the abdominal neuromeres co-express LK and a diuretic hormone (DH44), and together, these regulate water and ion homeostasis and associated stress as well as food intake. In Drosophila larvae, LK neurons modulate locomotion, escape responses and aspects of ecdysis behavior. A set of lateral neurosecretory cells, ALKs (anterior LK neurons), in the brain express LK in larvae, but inconsistently so in adults. These ALKs co-express three other neuropeptides and regulate water and ion homeostasis, feeding, and drinking, but the specific role of LK is not yet known. This review summarizes Drosophila data on embryonic lineages of LK neurons, functional roles of individual LK neuron types, interactions with other peptidergic systems, and orchestrating functions of LK. 相似文献
2.
为了解决醇胺法燃烧后捕集二氧化碳再生能耗过高的问题,研究了一种向胺溶液中添加金属离子以降低其CO2解吸能耗的方法,称之为金属离子络合物热缓冲自热利用技术。以广泛商业化应用的单乙醇胺(MEA)溶液为研究载体,并在MEA溶液中分别添加金属离子铜或镍, 通过建立含有金属离子的MEA捕集CO2体系的化学反应模型,解释金属离子热缓冲剂效应的内在机理。机理显示在MEA-金属离子-CO2-H2O体系中,金属-MEA络合物作为一种有效的反应热缓冲剂,将有机胺吸收CO2过程中释放的反应热(放热反应)存储于金属络合物的解离键能中(吸热反应),在CO2高温解吸中通过其络合放热反应将储存的能量释放出来用于CO2解吸,形成自热再生低能耗CO2捕集技术,从而降低了MEA再生的能耗。本文进行了综合的实验测定来评价金属离子对MEA溶液捕集CO2过程的性能提升影响,包括CO2反应热、解吸速率、吸收-解吸循环负载、汽液平衡溶解度等。实验结果表明铜离子或镍离子作为添加剂,能增加MEA的CO2平衡循环负载14%~20%或7%~10%,同时能够降低MEA的CO2反应热值6.6%~24%或6.0%~20%。 相似文献
3.
The damage induced in 3C-SiC epilayers on a silicon wafer by 2.3-MeV Si ion irradiation for fluences of 1014, 1015, and 1016 cm−2, was studied by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM). The evolution of extended defects and lattice disorder is followed in both the 3C-SiC film and Si substrate as a function of ion fluence, with reference to previous FTIR spectroscopy data. The likelihood of athermal unfaulting of native stacking faults by point defect migration to the native stacking faults is discussed in relation to damage recovery. Threshold energy densities and irradiation doses for dislocation loop formation and amorphous phase transformation are deduced from the damage depth profile by nuclear collisions. The role of electronic excitations on the damage recovery at high fluence is also addressed for both SiC and Si. 相似文献
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目的 研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜结构和性能的影响,优化工艺参数,以提高薄膜的性能.方法 采用脉冲偏压电弧离子镀,在M2高速钢和单晶硅基底上以不同脉冲偏压频率沉积TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪,研究脉冲偏压频率对TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜的表面形貌、元素成分、截面形貌、相结构和纳米硬度的影响.结果 TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面的大颗粒直径主要集中在1μm以下,随着脉冲偏压频率的变化,大颗粒的数量为184~234,所占面积为40.686~63.87μm2;主要元素为Ti元素和N元素,所占原子比分别为48%和50%,Si和Al元素的含量较少;多层结构不明显,截面形貌可观察到柱状晶的细化,80 kHz时出现片状化结构;以(111)晶面为择优取向,晶粒尺寸在20 nm左右;纳米硬度为28.3~32.3 GPa,弹性模量为262.5~286.8 GPa.结论 50 kHz时,TiSiN/TiAlN纳米多层薄膜表面大颗粒的数量最少,为184个;70 kHz时大颗粒所占面积最小,为40.686μm2;晶粒尺寸在50~60 kHz时发生细化,60 kHz时,晶粒尺寸达到最小值19.366 nm,纳米硬度和弹性模量分别达到最大值32.3 GPa和308.6 GPa,脉冲偏压频率的最佳频率范围为50~70 kHz. 相似文献
8.
Guihong Liang Haixing Song Yan Xiao Zhenhua Zhang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity. 相似文献
9.
使用微流控技术连续合成CdSe@ZnS核壳型量子点,并使用巯基丙酸对其进行表面改性,制备出可以被铜离子淬灭的水溶性CdSe@ZnS核壳型量子点。随后以聚乙烯醇(PVA)水凝胶为骨架,将改性后的量子点通过氢键作用力负载于骨架上,得到制备工艺简单、热稳定性高的复合荧光传感器件。该传感器的荧光强度随水溶液中铜离子浓度呈线性负相关关系,检测灵敏度可达20 μmol/L。其简便的操作和敏感的响应使之与原子吸收分光光度法形成优势互补,适用于水体铜离子污染的原位检测。该负载方法具有一定普适性,提供了将任意量子点制成器件应用于某种金属离子检测的新方式,实现了可回收的、环境友好的重金属离子快速检测目的。 相似文献
10.
Vanessa Modelski Schatkoski Thaís Larissa do Amaral Montanheiro Beatriz Rossi Canuto de Menezes Raissa Monteiro Pereira Karla Faquine Rodrigues Renata Guimarães Ribas Diego Morais da Silva Gilmar Patrocínio Thim 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):2999-3012
Studies related to biomaterials that stimulate the repair of living tissue have increased considerably, improving the quality of many people's lives that require surgery due to traumatic accidents, bone diseases, bone defects, and reconstructions. Among these biomaterials, bioceramics and bioactive glasses (BGs) have proved to be suitable for coating materials, cement, scaffolds, and nanoparticles, once they present good biocompatibility and degradability, able to generate osteoconduction on the surrounding tissue. However, the role of biomaterials in hard tissue engineering is not restricted to a structural replacement or for guiding tissue regeneration. Nowadays, it is expected that biomaterials develop a multifunctional role when implanted, orchestrating the process of tissue regeneration and providing to the body the capacity to heal itself. In this way, the incorporation of specific metal ions in bioceramics and BGs structure, including magnesium, silver, strontium, lithium, copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, and manganese are currently receiving enhanced interest as biomaterials for biomedical applications. When an ion is incorporated into the bioceramic structure, a new category of material is created, which has several unique properties that overcome the disadvantages of primitive material and favors its use in different biomedical applications. The doping can enhance handling properties, angiogenic and osteogenic performance, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the effect of selected metal ion dopants into bioceramics and silicate-based BGs in bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, new applications for doped bioceramics and BGs are highlighted, including cancer treatment and drug delivery. 相似文献