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1.
采用动电位扫描和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术,研究了Q235钢/导电混凝土在盐碱土、黄棕壤、红壤中的腐蚀行为,分析了土壤环境因素对腐蚀过程的影响规律,并基于灰色关联度理论计算了土壤中各离子对导电混凝土中Q235钢腐蚀过程的影响权重。结果表明,加速腐蚀45 d后,Q235钢/导电混凝土表面出现孔洞、边缘出现细微裂纹。Q235钢/导电混凝土在3种典型土壤环境中腐蚀速率按土壤类型由小到大排序为:盐碱土<黄棕壤<红壤。灰色关联度计算结果表明,Q235钢/导电混凝土在土壤中腐蚀时,土壤中各离子影响权重排序为:pH>[SO42-]>[Ca2+]>[Cl-]>[HCO3-]>[Mg2+]>[Fe3+]。随着土壤环境pH的降低,导电混凝土劣化程度增大,腐蚀速率上升。土壤中的H+、SO42-会直接与导电混凝土组分发生反应,导致混凝土劣化,其影响权重最大。而Ca2+需通过扩散的方式进入导电混凝土孔隙液,以析出相应的氧化物或者碳酸盐沉积的方式提供物理防护作用,其影响权重略低。其中,由于Cl-对Q235钢腐蚀的促进过程受到混凝土层及双电层隔绝作用的抑制,其影响权重较低。  相似文献   
2.
郑凯  张子贤  吴勇  王万红  武福平 《化工进展》2021,40(3):1675-1680
采用多级厌氧/耗氧膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水进行处理时,存在总磷(TP)处理不达标的问题。通过改变污泥回流位置并增加内回流的改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺强化除磷,探究该工艺对低C/N比生活污水中TP的去除效果,并通过污泥静态分析研究其污泥反硝化除磷机理。结果表明,改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对TP去除效果良好,平均去除率达到了86.36%,同时对化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)及氨氮去除效果良好,均达到一级A排放标准。该工艺提高了聚磷菌及反硝化聚磷菌的比例,有效强化了对TP的去除。  相似文献   
3.
为了确定反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs)的脱氮性能及N2O释放特性,采用序批式生物反应器,分别以乙酸钠和葡萄糖为碳源(反应器分别记作SBRAc和SBRGl),考察其脱氮过程中的碳源变化以及N2O释放特性。结果表明,SBRAc和SBRGl的总氮去除率分别为(80.2±2.8)%和(63.4±3.5)%,N2O产率分别为(7.16±1.43)%和(13.35±2.46)%。以乙酸钠为碳源时,聚糖菌厌氧阶段吸收的有机物主要以胞内聚-β-羟基烷酸(PHA)形式储存;以葡萄糖为碳源时,部分有机物用于胞内糖原(Gly)的积累,PHA合成量减少。聚糖菌内源反硝化过程中,依次利用胞内PHA和Gly作为内碳源,且PHA提供电子的速率远大于Gly,导致SBRGl内NO2-大量积累、N2O释放量增加。NO2-对氧化亚氮还原酶活性的抑制效应是导致聚糖菌内源反硝化过程释放N2O的主要因素。与葡萄糖相比,乙酸钠更易被反硝化聚糖菌吸收为易利用的内碳源PHA,并降低反硝化过程中N2O的释放量。  相似文献   
4.
LiFePO4 modified by N-doped graphene (NG) with a three-dimensional conductive network structure was synthesized via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method. The effects of N amount of NG on the phase structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 are investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that doping suitable N amounts in NG do not alter the crystal structure of LiFePO4, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that NG can slightly reduce the particle size of LiFePO4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the LiFePO4 particles are well covered and connected by NG. The electrochemical performance confirms that LiFePO4 modified by 20% N-doped graphene (named LFP/NG-4) displays a perfect specific capacity of 166.6 mAh·g?1 at a rate of 0.2C and can reach 125 mAh·g?1 at a rate of 5 C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results illustrate that the charge transfer resistance value of the LFP/NG-4 composite is only 58.6 Ω, which is very low compared with LiFePO4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests indicate that the addition of 20% N-doped graphene can effectively reduce electrode polarization and improve reversibility. The LFP/NG-4 composite with a three-dimensional conductive network structure can be regarded as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries.  相似文献   
5.
张君  赵红波  李中祥  牛辉  姜帆  李鹏  赵颇如 《焊管》2022,45(12):20-27
针对SU304/Q235B Φ820 mm×8(6.7+1.3)mm不锈钢复合管生产制造过程中内外断弧补焊、烧穿补焊、管内304不锈钢覆层损伤堆焊以及管道建设施工环缝焊接进行工艺试验研究。通过试验分析,采用的U形坡口GTAW+SMAW环焊、内外断弧SMAW补焊、烧穿SMAW补焊及覆层GTAW/SMAW ERNiCrMo-3堆焊工艺,均可使焊缝理化性能达到标准要求,且抗腐蚀性能良好。同时,对不同焊接坡口、焊接工艺及错边量对焊缝组织及性能影响进行了对比研究,进一步掌握了不锈钢复合管熔焊关键技术,对实际生产及管道施工提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
Water electrolysis is the most clean and high-efficiency technology for production of hydrogen, an ultimate clean energy in future. Highly efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable for large scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Especially, exposing as many active sites as possible is a vital way to improve activities of the catalysts. Herein, a series of new hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo2S3 nanosheets assembled uprightly and interlacedly on N, S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres were facilely prepared. The unique structure endowed the catalysts highly exposed edge active sites and prominently high activities for HER. Especially, the optimized catalyst Mo2S3/NSCS-50 exhibited as low as 106 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 (denoted as ?10). The catalyst also showed low Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec, low electron transfer resistance of 34 Ω and high stability evidenced by the result that the current density only attenuated 11.7% after 10 h i-t test. The catalyst has shown broad prospect for commercial application in water electrolysis.  相似文献   
7.
In the present work, nitrogen doped hierarchically activated porous carbon (APC) samples have been synthesized via single step scalable method using ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as precursor and KOH as activating agent. Activated porous carbons with different pore sizes have been developed by varying the activation temperature. SEM, TEM and SAXS analysis suggest that with variation of activation temperature, a hierarchical porous structure with interconnected meso-pore and micro pores has been achieved. The sufficiently high surface area of the synthesized materials provides active sites to enhance the diffusion of ions between the electrolyte and the carbon electrodes. The electrode prepared at 800 °C activated sample exhibited highest specific capacitance of 274 Fg-1 in two electrode setup, at a current density of 0.1 Ag-1 in 1 M aqueous H2SO4. Along with this, it showed maximum energy density of 9.5 Whkg?1 at a power density of 64.5 Wkg-1. The remarkable electrochemical performance reveals that the synthesized nitrogen doped activated carbon electrodes derived from EDTA can be tuned to have optimum pore structure and pore size distribution for better electrochemical performance, so it can be considered as a potential electrode material for applications in electrochemical energy storage.  相似文献   
8.
Developing inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline mediums is of great significance to the hydrogen energy industry. Hereby, we prepared a mixture of precursors with homogeneous composition by using the chelating ability of soybean protein isolate (C and N source) and phytic acid (dopant and phosphating agent) with cobalt ions, and achieved one-step synthesis and construction of Co2P/N–P co-doped porous carbon composite by carbonization at 800 °C. The as-synthesized Co2P/NPPC-800 electrocatalyst exhibits low HER overpotentials of 121 and 125 mV at 10 mA cm?2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M KOH, which are close to those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the NPPC substrate surrounding the Co2P could diminish the corrosion during the HER, and Co2P/NPPC-800 displays good stability and durability. Furthermore, this work offers a convenient synthesis strategy for phosphide/doped porous carbon composites in other electrochemical energy technologies.  相似文献   
9.
Membrane technology features inspiring excellence from numerous separation technologies for CO2 capture from post-combustion gas. Polyvinylamine (PVAm)-based facilitated transport membranes show significantly high separation performance, which has been proven promising for industrial scale-up. However, commercialized PVAm with low molecular weight and excessive crystallinity is not available to prepare high-performance membranes. Herein, the synthesis process of PVAm was optimized by regulating polymerization and acidic hydrolytic conditions. The membranes based on PVAm with a molecular weight of 154 kDa and crystallinity of 11.37% display high CO2 permeance of 726 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivity of 55 at a feed gas pressure of 0.50 MPa. Furthermore, we established a PVAm synthesis reactor with an annual PVAm solution (1%(mass)) capacity of over 7000 kg and realized the scaled-up manufacture of both PVAm and composite membranes.  相似文献   
10.
为了进一步提升高频电阻焊套管的韧性,实现母材与焊缝“等韧性”匹配,采用高频焊+全管体调质热处理工艺试制N80钢级Φ244.48 mm×11.05 mm套管,并对试制产品进行性能检测评价。结果表明,管体的几何尺寸、理化性能和全尺寸实物性能均满足相关标准要求,且经全管体调质处理后,HFW套管的焊缝、热影响区和母材组织性能差异较小,基本实现了焊缝与母材“等韧性”匹配,同时套管尺寸精度较高,性能均匀,具有良好的抗挤毁性能,为油田客户降本增效提供了产品保障。  相似文献   
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