Context enabled decision aids to support the situation awareness and performance of risk engineers carrying out loss prevention surveys

Routine inspection by insurance companies at their clients’ facility, also known as loss prevention survey, help identify the best strategies to minimize damages when there is a high-speed wind event. More specifically, wind vulnerabilities associated with a building are evaluated using a process known as windstorm risk inspection. This routine inspection helps clients reduce the extent of damages caused by high-speed wind events including hurricane and tornado. Risk engineers make use of their subjective and analytical deduction skills to successfully carry out the inspection tasks. In this research the researchers investigated the effect of context-based visualization strategies on situation awareness and their understanding of the situation. The study examined how different types of information contribute towards the three levels of situation awareness. Following a between-subjects study design, 65 participants completed the study. Each session lasted 90–120 min. A checklist based and predictive display-based decision aids were tested and found to be effective in supporting the situation awareness requirements as well as performance of risk engineers. However, the predictive display only helped with certain tasks such as understanding the interaction among different components on the rooftop. For remaining tasks such as perceiving obvious issues like membrane tear, clogged drains and vegetation growth, checklist alone was sufficient. This study helped the understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the decision aids tested. More specifically, these decision aids can improve the mental model of novice risk engineers. Additionally, this study provided insights that could help design training materials for infrastructure inspectors.     

谈我省煤炭专网通信及信息网络系统改造

通过对我省煤炭专网通信与信息系统应用现状及存在问题的分析,论述了建立综合信息网络系统的必要性和可能性,并初步阐述了综合信息网络系统建设应遵循的规划目标和原则。     

铁矿供需态势与持续发展

根据国民经济发展形势和钢铁生产需求,阐明铁矿产业市场巨大,但供需态势严峻。提出铁矿供给的发展思路,在勘探新资源、利用二次资源,进口优质矿石等长远战略和有效补充外,重要的是发展国内矿山技术,增加国内矿石产量满足钢铁需求以支撑保证国民经济发展,并介绍了铁矿业发展的基本技术方向和主要的研究内容。     

资讯时代的建筑境域

资讯时代的信息技术改变了建筑设计的手段和局面，并使建筑讯息的传播和获取达到了前所未有的繁盛与迅速、然而，信息技术 并没有促成根本性的设计思想变革，在抽象、便捷、快速的操作下，我们看到的是建筑师赖以确立其设计理念的感知力、想象力和存在经验 的枯竭，建筑经验因失去了与栖居存在的切身关系而丧失着与生活和现实的有机性。     

"SARS"期间北京市公园利用状况的调查研究

通过对北京市4种不同类型的公园游人量的调查,并与2002年同期游人量进行比较分析,从而掌握"SARS"期间调查对象地的利用特性,与此同时,进一步阐述公园绿地在人的日常生活中的地位和作用.     

结合城市设计理论阐述空间的情境表达--以重庆市三峡广场为例

结合城市设计理论,从解析“情境”概念出发,从空间体验、文化体验、自然体验三个方面分析重庆市沙坪坝区三峡广场的空间主体,再从空间形态、空间尺度两个方面剖析其空间客体,最后从可意象性、可达性两个方面研究空间主客体的相互作用与场所精神的建立,试图探寻一条科学表达城市广场情境的路径,为今后的设计和建设提供参考。     

商业综合体的个性化设计--以南京扇骨营项目为例

文章以扇骨营项目为例,针对商业综合体个性化设计进行探讨,提出现代商业综合体建筑设计应重视不可复制性,综合体也应在城市中起到一定功能作用。     

中国城乡结合部演化态势与发展趋向

城乡结合部处于城市与乡村交界地带,是一个充满生机、矛盾和困惑的区域。1980年代以来我国城乡结合部进入快速扩张与发展时期,其发展演化历程折射出经济、社会、制度的种种变迁与烙印。长期以来,城乡结合部处于混乱状态,发展过程中存在的种种问题备受关注。经济利益驱动下城乡结合部的农副产品供应、生态保障与城市边界增长约束功能逐渐丧失,在被动、盲目的发展状态下日渐形成了独特的经济社会空间体系,且结构、效率与各种利益关系趋于恶化。城乡结合部特殊的经济地理区位和所处的发展阶段,传统的城镇化模式及对此区域的低价值判断和机会主义思想等共同作用,使其发展陷入困境。城乡结合部为城市与区域发展做出了突出贡献的同时也为其高端化发展带来障碍。今后,必须突出城乡结合部自身的功能,统筹规划、适度发展,并创新治理与改造模式。     

Assessing situation awareness in multitasking supervisory control using success rate of self-terminating search

The purpose of this study is to investigate measuring situation awareness (SA) by using the success rate of self-terminating visual search (STVS) in a multitasking supervisory control environment. Currently, many researchers have focused on developing unobtrusive SA metrics in a multitasking environment. Although some of the advanced eye-tracking metrics can estimate the operator's SA during a task, certain methodological issues remain for measuring SA in a supervisory control and multitasking environment. In this study, participants performed a distributed control task with the multi-attribute task battery. To measure the participant's SA, situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT) was used during the experiment. SA performance was compared to the success rate of STVS. An eye-head integrated tracking system was used to measure the rate of STVS based on the participants' eye movements and head positions in different monitoring conditions. The results showed that task-switching activity was influenced by salient features in a display. It causes a significant difference on SA between different monitoring conditions, and the difference is also monitored in the success rate of STVS. Furthermore, the study found that the attention level in visual searching influences situational awareness in a supervisory control environment. The findings from this study suggest that the success rate of STVS could be used as a new metric for measuring SA related to the visual perception of the elements in a multitasking supervisory control environment.