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1.
In this study, some locations with different climates, off-grid zero energy buildings with hydrogen energy storage systems are designed, and transient analysis is conducted. These considered buildings supply their electricity consumption without using the electrical grid and PV panels or wind turbines. Also, they supply thermal comfort to occupants by using a vapor compression chiller and humidifier. Domestic hot water of occupants is supplied using solar collectors. For analyzing building's performance and objectives achievement, TRNSYS software is used. Also, for evaluating occupant thermal comfort, the Fanger model is used. The considered building is a one-story building with a 150 m2 area. Four occupants are considered. Both of them are seated at rest, and another is seated with light working such as typing. Using the Fanger model equation and MATLAB software, the thermal comfort of occupants is determined. For domestic hot water consumption, verified profiles that vary during 24 h of the day are considered. Achieved results show that for humid and cold cities, PV panels with an area of 73 and 76 m2 can be supplied the required electricity of considered building with four occupants and battery state of charge is higher than 50% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, with a suitable air conditioner system, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) can be lower than 12% and 8% for humid and cold cities. Therefore, the building can be converted to a zero-energy building using its rooftop area.  相似文献   
2.
Owing to the high melting points and high-temperature stability, transition-metal disilicides are potential components for aerospace, automotive, and industrial engineering applications. However, unwanted oxidation known as PEST oxidation severely limits their application owing to the formation of volatile transition metal oxides, especially in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. To overcome this problem, a new class of high-entropy disilicides, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2, was selected by first-principles calculations and then successfully fabricated using a hot-pressing sintering technique. Furthermore, the phase evolution, thermal expansion behavior, thermal conductivity, and oxidation behavior were systematically investigated. Compared with MoSi2, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2 possessed a lower thermal conductivity (10.9–14.7 W·m?1·K?1) at 25–1000 °C, higher thermal expansion coefficients (8.6 ± 1.3–6 K–1) at 50–1200 °C, and especially an excellent thermal stability at 500–1000 °C owing to slow diffusion and selective oxidation. This work provides a strong foundation for the synthesis and application of high-entropy disilicides.  相似文献   
3.
李秋  姜雨杭  耿海宁  陈伟 《硅酸盐通报》2022,41(5):1805-1812
钢结构因具有多种优点而被广泛应用于工程建筑领域,但其在火灾高温环境下会丧失力学性能,造成结构失效,因此对钢结构进行防火保护成为关键。以偏高岭土、矿粉和憎水处理后的膨胀珍珠岩为主要原材料,模数为1.5的钾水玻璃为激发剂,制备非膨胀型钾基地聚物基防火涂料,并采用大板燃烧法研究该涂料在1 200 ℃下的防火性能;同时,对其在室温、1 000 ℃以及1 100 ℃热处理前后的力学性能、表观形貌、物相组成、微观结构演变进行了表征分析,探究地聚物在高温过程中的陶瓷化过程。结果表明:该防火涂料具有优异的防火能力,在1 200 ℃下进行2 h耐火极限试验后,钢板背面温度低于160 ℃;防火涂料在1 100 ℃高温热处理2 h后,抗压强度大幅增加至室温强度的5.8倍,达30.80 MPa;防火涂料基体的无定型地聚物相在800 ℃开始发生陶瓷化转变,1 100 ℃时生成的陶瓷相主要为钙长石、莫来石以及白榴石。  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(20):29862-29872
Thermal shock parameters (R, R''', R'''' and Rst) of MgAlON–MgO composites obtained with additions of spent MgO–C brick were calculated using measured mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient, determining their resistance to fracture initiation and crack propagation. The cyclic thermal shock experiments of MgAlON–MgO composites performed from 1398 K to ambient temperature indicate that as number of thermal shock cycle increases, retained strength ratio of MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO sharply decrease and then keep constant, while that of MgAlON–10.5 wt%MgO and MgAlON–15.7 wt%MgO slowly decrease. The reason for the difference is that MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO show low value of R''' and R'''', and high value of R and Rst. Moreover, precipitation of impurity containing Fe may play a positive role in improvement of thermal shock resistance of MgAlON–MgO composites. MgAlON?4.2 wt%MgO has the maximum retained strength (55 MPa) even after 5 thermal shock cycles, which is expected to be used in the metallurgical industry.  相似文献   
5.
Low-thermal conductivity ceramics play an indispensable role in maximizing the efficiency and durability of hot end components. Pyrochlore, particularly zirconate pyrochlore, is currently a highly promising and widely studied candidate for its extremely low thermal conductivity. However, there are still few pyrochlores that offer both stiffness, insulation, and good thermal expansion properties. In this work, the solidification method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of titanate pyrochlore, and combined it with the compositional design of high-entropy. Through careful composition design and solidification control, the high-density and uniform elements distributed high-entropy titanate pyrochlore ceramics were successfully prepared. These samples possess high hardness (15.88 GPa) and Young’s modulus (295.5 GPa), low thermal conductivity (0.947 W·m?1·K?1), excellent thermal expansion coefficient (11.6 ×10?6/K) and an exquisite balance between stiffness and insulation (E/κ, 312.1 GPa·W?1·m·K), in which the E/κ exhibits the highest value among the current reported works.  相似文献   
6.
采用铸膜法制备了一种羧甲基壳聚糖/氧化羧甲基纤维素/姜黄素(CMCHS/ OCMC/ CR)三元复合材料。红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析显示,复合膜断面结构均匀,无分层,但表面粗糙度有所增大。与不添加姜黄素相比,复合材料具有更好的断裂应力(20.10 MPa),断裂伸长率(18.97%),抗真菌性能(黑曲霉抑菌圈15.33 mm,青霉抑菌圈14.58 mm)和透水性(2.11×10-3 g·m-1·kPa-1·h-1)。草莓保鲜实验结果表明,CMCHS/OCMC/CR复合材料涂膜可减缓贮藏过程中的失重率和可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、还原糖含量的下降。经贮藏8 d,草莓失重率比较空白对照减少了11.38%,较阳性对照减少了1.27%,硬度,可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、还原糖含量的下降分别较空白对照减少了10.00%、42.72%、7.39%、9.32%,较阳性对照分别减少了5.54%、7.42%、2.39%、11.12%。因此CMCHS/OCMC/CR(1%, m/m)复合膜显示出良好护色和抑制霉菌生长的保鲜作用,可作为良好的涂膜抗菌材料应用于食品包装材料中。  相似文献   
7.
层状氧化物正极材料具有良好的结构稳定性和较高的充放电比容量,是一类理想的钠离子电池正极材料。本工作研究了层状氧化物正极材料NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2表面修饰对其电化学性能的影响,采用固相球磨法在正极材料表面包覆一层纳米ZrO2,采用形貌、结构、电化学方法等研究了包覆后性能改进机理。研究结果表明,ZrO2在NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2表面形成一层惰性保护层,有效隔开了电解液与正极材料的接触,缓解了电解液的分解速度,抑制了金属离子的溶出速度,从而显著改善了电池的循环性能以及高温性能。在ZrO2包覆修饰后,55℃下正极材料相比于未包覆的正极材料有明显提升,100次循环后容量保持率达到83.6%,高于未包覆的75.2%。此外,包覆后的NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料在空气环境存储后,稳定性得到明显提高。  相似文献   
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(1):754-759
Thermal control coatings (TCCs) are an essential part of the thermal control systems in the spacecraft. Solar absorptance and emittance are the key performance parameters of TCCs. To develop an ultra-low solar absorption and stable inorganic TCCs for surface radiator, different TCCs were prepared by co-sintering ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles to form Zn2SiO4/SiO2 pigment in this work, and the optical properties and radiation stability were systematically studied. It is found that the coating based on composite pigment has high reflectivity in the ultraviolet band and excellent optical performance possessing the low solar absorption of 0.06. In addition, the Zn2SiO4/SiO2 coating demonstrates the highest proton and electron radiation stability because that SiO2 between Zn2SiO4 particles acts as the relaxation center of the defects caused by radiation.  相似文献   
9.
In view of the practical application of γ-AlON as a promising transparent structural ceramic, in-depth insight into its mechanical and thermal properties is essential. The solid-state MAS NMR technique was combined with XRD Rietveld refinement to confirm the crystal structure of Al(8+x)/3O4-xNx (x = 0.299–0.575). These structural parameters were further applied to predict hardness and elastic properties based on theoretical exploration, which are in good agreement with the experimental values. A slight enhancement of mechanical properties with increasing nitrogen concentration is attributed to the stronger chemical bond in octahedra. The experimental thermal conductivity of γ-AlON transparent ceramics was improved slightly with the rise of x in the temperature range from 298 K to 1074 K. The intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity was determined by eliminating the extrinsic phonon scattering as well as the thermal radiation. The reason for the discrepancy between experimental and intrinsic thermal conductivity was revealed. The present methods provided powerful and accessible guidelines in optimizing the mechanical and thermal properties of oxynitride materials.  相似文献   
10.
针对垃圾焚烧炉受热面的高温腐蚀,分析了硫/氯协同作用对涂层高温腐蚀性能的影响,以期为未来涂层服役性能的提升提供理论指导,促进垃圾焚烧发电的发展。在实验室模拟气氛(体积分数95%)+O2(体积分数5%)条件下,对涂有Na2SO4盐、NaCl盐及NaCl+Na2SO4混合盐的TC4渗铝样品进行600 ℃的高温腐蚀实验,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对试样进行了分析。结果表明:当喷涂Na2SO4溶液时,涂层表面发生微弱的腐蚀;当喷涂NaCl+ Na2SO4(质量分数比1:2)混合盐溶液时,在涂层表面生成了多层结构的腐蚀氧化层;当喷涂NaCl溶液时,涂层表面发生了严重的腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要是富含Al、Ti的氧化物和氯化物。在腐蚀过程中,氯化钠在高温下形成Cl-1,其穿透初期形成的氧化膜,随后生成的金属氯化物在高温下汽化,向外扩散到达表面氧分压较高的区域时又被氧化为金属氧化物,此过程连续循环,使表面的多层氧化膜不断被腐蚀,随着Cl-1浓度的增加样品的腐蚀更加严重,但S和Cl的协同作用可以降低涂层的腐蚀速率。  相似文献   
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