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1.
探讨了13X分子筛对不同初始pH的Pb(Ⅱ)溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量、吸附速率及吸附机理,以及分子筛的碱性对溶液pH的改变。结果表明,1 g/L的13X分子筛的碱性为10^-5mol/g,Pb(Ⅱ)溶液pH为3.0~9.0时,分子筛自身的碱性会使反应溶液pH升高。当Pb(Ⅱ)溶液pH由3.0升高至12.0时,分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率由65.1%增大至99.7%。Pb(Ⅱ)溶液pH为5.0~7.0时,13X分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附速率k_2由1.72 g/(mmol·min)增大至2.85 g/(mmol·min),而当pH达到Pb(Ⅱ)开始形成沉淀时(pH>7.0),吸附速率显著降低。13X分子筛对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除机理主要为离子交换,当溶液内开始出现Pb(Ⅱ)的沉淀时,离子交换量降低,pH=10时,离子交换量仅占总去除量的30.2%。反应过程中由于13X分子筛自身的碱性和Pb(Ⅱ)易形成羟和配离子的特性,反应体系pH会在pH<7.0形成酸性缓冲区域和8.0~10.0范围内形成碱性缓冲区域。  相似文献   
2.
To enhance chemical stability and suppress of aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), which are used as a support for thermoresponsive copolymer immobilization, silica coating of the MNPs is applied via the electrooxidation method. Although the resulting silica coated-MNPs also formed aggregates, the size distribution of the aggregate shifted to smaller size range. Because of that, the surface area available for copolymer immobilization increased approximately 6.7 times at maximum as compared with that of the uncoated MNPs. It contributed to the increase of the amount of the immobilized copolymer on the silica-coated MNPs, which is approximately four times larger than that on the uncoated MNPs. Fe3O4 dissolution test confirmed enhancement of chemical stability of MNPs. The thermoresponsive copolymer immobilized on the silica-coated MNPs shows the ability to recycle Cu(II) ion from Cu(II) containing solution by changing temperature with significantly shorter time than those in other thermoresponsive adsorbents in gel form.  相似文献   
3.
目的 开发环境友好、抗高温耐浓酸的长效缓蚀剂复配体系.方法 采用红外光谱仪对席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐的分子结构进行表征,采用高温高压腐蚀测定仪、吸附等温模型、动力学参数、扫描电镜和量子化学计算,研究了缓蚀剂对N80的缓蚀性能及其吸附机理.结果 在120、140、160℃温度下,随着席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐缓蚀剂(以下简称Shif-PyQA)质量分数的增大,腐蚀速率在低浓度时大幅减小,缓蚀率在低浓度时大幅增加,两者在高浓度时均逐渐趋于平稳.在所测温度范围内,N80在空白溶液中的腐蚀速率远大于在加有Shif-PyQA溶液中的腐蚀速率.随着温度的升高或反应时间的增加,N80的腐蚀速率持续增大,缓蚀率逐渐减小,但减小幅度不大.当温度为120℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为2%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为28.77 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.97%;当温度为140℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为3%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为37.12 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为97.71%;当温度为160℃、Shif-PyQA质量分数为4%时,N80在20%盐酸中的腐蚀速率为63.91 g/(m2·h),缓蚀率为96.41%.Shif-PyQA在N80表面的吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型,属于单分子层化学吸附,且N80表面的吸附为自发过程.动力学参数结果表明,添加不同质量分数的Shif-PyQA后,活化能大大增加为74.16~88.43 kJ/mol,属化学吸附.量子化学研究表明,席夫碱基吡啶季铵盐(以下简称PyQ-S)分子可与金属形成多中心的稳定吸附,同时PyQ-S分子接受电子的趋势大于供出电子的趋势.结论 Shif-PyQA在温度为120、140、160℃时,均可达到SY/T 5405—2019中相关指标要求,对N80具有较好的缓蚀作用.  相似文献   
4.
The isosteric heat of adsorption is an important thermodynamic property used to characterize and optimize adsorption processes. In this work, analytic expressions for isosteric heats of adsorption are derived for a collection of commonly used isotherm models and a two-dimensional molecular equation of state based on the SAFT-VR approach. The use of these expressions is presented with an example of adsorption of nitrous oxide, N2O, on biochar, which is a waste biomass charcoal that exhibits high adsorption potential. The results show that accurate fitting of the adsorption isotherms leads to consistent results obtained with different approaches; however, the predicted isosteric heat of adsorption exhibits strong variations in the regions where experimental data is insufficient such in the region of low pressure/low coverage. Convergence on the prediction of the isosteric heat of adsorption by the different models is only observed in the region where no extrapolation of experimental data is needed.  相似文献   
5.
肖覃  曾旭  黄健涵  刘又年 《化工学报》2021,72(3):1742-1750
有机化工废水中典型的有机污染物,如苯胺、苯酚等,具有高毒性、易生物富集、难生物降解等特质,不仅对人体健康造成不利影响,还会引起严重的环境污染。因此,从水中高效地去除有机污染物迫在眉睫。超交联树脂对有机污染物具有较高的吸附容量及优异的吸附选择性,开发具有高表面积和丰富官能团的功能化超交联树脂有一定的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。本文以氯甲基化聚苯乙烯为前体,3,5-二甲基苯酚为功能单体,甲缩醛为外加交联剂,通过亲核取代反应和Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,合成了富氧功能化超交联树脂。结果表明,富氧功能化超交联树脂拥有较高的氧含量[8.67%(质量)]、较大的比表面积(198 m2/g)和丰富的微孔(微孔面积占总比表面积的36.3%),300 K下对苯胺的平衡吸附量达156.4 mg/g。树脂对低浓度的苯胺有优秀的吸附效率,达到国家一级排放标准(<1.0 mg/L),且具有优良的循环使用性能。  相似文献   
6.
以废弃木薯秸秆为原料,经碱化、添加巯基官能团进行改性得到吸附剂,对其进行了表征,并研究了不同条件下吸附剂的对Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)吸附性能。结果表明,木薯秸秆成功引入巯基基团。经过巯基改性后的木薯秸秆的吸附量得到提升,吸附量随p H的升高而增大,在30 min内吸附量可迅速达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准2级动力学方程。对Cu(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Langmiur等温模型,近似于单层吸附,理论最高吸附量为65.36 mg/g;对Zn(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,以多分子层吸附为主,理论最高吸附量为60.24 mg/g。两者吸附过程均为自发的放热过程。  相似文献   
7.
Adsorption separation of olefin and paraffin can greatly lower the energy consumption associated with the currently utilized distillation technique but remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the efficient separation of propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) in a phosphate anion-functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) ZnAtzPO4 by synergetic effect of equilibrium and kinetics. The material features periodically expanded and contracted apertures decorated with electronegative groups, offering eligible pore shape and pore chemistry to effectively trap C3H6 under moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (27.5 kJ mol−1) while obstruct the diffusion of C3H8. It simultaneously combines excellent thermodynamic selectivity (uptake ratio of 1.71) and kinetic selectivity (~31) for C3H6/C3H8 separation, meanwhile can be easily regenerated. Breakthrough experiment for C3H6/C3H8 gas mixture was conducted and confirmed the outstanding separation capability of ZnAtzPO4. The equilibrium and kinetics cooperative C3H6/C3H8 adsorption separation was for the first time found in anion-functionalized MOFs, and further confirmed by computational studies.  相似文献   
8.
In order to investigate the effect of double bond content in the crosslinkers on the performance of superplasticizers, three different crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers were synthesized herein with various respective crosslinkers. Their impacts on the fluidity, absorption, and hydration behavior of cement systems were studied. The results showed that the polymer, which was synthesized using a crosslinker with four double bonds and five/six double bonds, had higher fluidity and the highest fluidity reached up to 395 mm at W/C of 0.35. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and hydration heat tests showed that the crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers could prolong the hydration process of cement slurries. Among these three kinds of crosslinked polycarboxylate superplasticizers, the induction period of cement slurry containing the polymer with crosslinker of four double bonds was significantly extended to facilitate the processing of the concrete. The purpose of this study is to provide strategies for studying high-performance polycarboxylate superplasticizers with novel topological structure.  相似文献   
9.
An ecofriendly and biodegradable porous structure was prepared from drying aqueous foams based on nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC), extracted from softwood pulp by subcritical water/CO2 treatment (SC-NFC). The primary aim of this work was to use the modified SC-NFC as stabilizer for a water-based Pickering emulsion which upon drying, yielded porous cellulosic materials, a good dye adsorbent. In order to exploit the carboxymethylated SC-NFC (CMSC-NFC, with a degree of substitution of 0.35 and a charge density of 649 μeqv/g) as a stabilizer for water-based Pickering emulsion in subsequent step, an optimized quantity of octyl amine (30 mg/g of SC-NFC) was added to make them partially hydrophobic. A series of dry foam structures were prepared by varying the concentrations of treated CMSC-NFCs and 4 wt% was found to be the optimum concentration to yield foam with high porosity (99%) and low density (0.038 g/cc) along with high compression strength (0.24 MPa), superior to the conventionally extracted NFC. The foams were applied to capture as high as 98% of methylene blue dyes, making them a potential green candidate for treating industrial effluent. In addition, the dye adsorption kinetics and isotherms were found to be well suited with second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models.  相似文献   
10.
采用正交实验法,研究了混凝沉淀-吸附法处理萤石选矿废水过程中混凝剂用量、沉淀剂用量和吸附剂用量对选矿废水中Ca2+和COD去除效果的影响。结果表明,在混凝剂CSP-12用量12 mg/L、沉淀剂碳酸钠用量900 mg/L、吸附剂活性炭用量200 mg/L条件下,水处理效果最佳,此时Ca2+去除率达91.26%,COD去除率达60.54%。  相似文献   
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