A sensorless brushless dc motor system

This paper describes a brushless dc motor system without position or speed sensor. The brushless motor consists of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a voltage-source inverter capable of controlling the amplitude and frequency of voltage. The rectangular-shaped stator current with a conducting interval of 120° (electrical) is controlled to be in phase with the trapezoidal back electromotive force. This results in producing maximum torque. Variable speed is achieved by adjusting the average motor voltage similarly to chopper control of dc motors. In this paper, two sensorless position detecting methods, i.e., an “indirect method” suited for the lower-speed range and a “direct method” suited for the higher-speed range are proposed. The combination of the two makes it possible to detect the rotor position over a wide-speed range. Furthermore, a speed-sen-sorless PLL control is proposed in applying the principle of the direct method. Experimental results obtained from a prototype brushless dc motor are shown to confirm the validity of the sensorless drive. The starting procedure of the motor also is discussed because it is impossible to detect the rotor position at a standstill.     

Improvement of levitation characteristics in a magnetic bearing system using HTSC‐permanent magnet hybrid structure

Magnetic bearing using pinning force of a permanent magnet and a high‐temperature superconductor has been developed. Additional permanent magnet is introduced to increase the levitation force of the magnetic bearing. In this hybrid magnetic bearing system, levitation force is mainly given by the repulsive force of the permanent magnets, and stability for the lateral direction is given by pinning force of the superconductor. The experimental device is developed. A ring‐type superconductor and a bulk one are examined. Levitation characteristics of the hybrid magnetic bearing are measured. The bulk superconductor shows better characteristics of both levitation and lateral stability than the ring one. Levitation force of the hybrid system becomes about twice as large as that of the nonhybrid one. Although, the repulsive force of the permanent magnet decreases the lateral stability of the system, its influence becomes small by choosing an adequate position of the permanent magnets and the superconductor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 71–77, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10350     

Hydrodynamic drag forces on two porous spheres moving along their centerline

This paper numerically evaluates the hydrodynamic drag force exerted on two highly porous spheres moving steadily along their centerline (sphere #1 and sphere #2) through a quiescent Newtonian fluid over a Reynolds number ranging from 0.1 to 40. At creeping flow limit, the drag forces exerted on both spheres were identical. At higher Reynolds numbers the drag force on sphere #1 was higher than sphere #2, revealing the shading effects produced by sphere #1 on sphere #2. At dimensionless diameter (β, =d_f/2k^0.5, d_f and k are floc diameter and interior permeability, respectively) >20, the spheres can be regarded nonporous. At β<20, the drag forces dropped. At β<2, the drag forces approached “no-spheres” limit. An increased size ratio of two spheres (d_f1/d_f2) would increase the drag force on sphere #1 and reduce that on sphere #2. At increasing β for both spheres, the drag force on sphere #2 was increased because of the more difficult advective flow through its interior, and at the same time the drag was reduced owing to the stronger wake flow produced by the denser sphere #1. The competition between these two effects leads to complicated dependence of drag force on sphere #2 on β value. These effects were minimal when β became low. Two identical spheres could move steadily along their centerline. At higher Reynolds number, the two spheres would move closer because of the incorporation of inertia force. For spheres of different diameters, the sphere # 2 would move faster than sphere #1 regardless of their size ratio and β value. This occurrence yielded efficient coagulation when two porous spheres were moving in-line.     

Analysis of junction temperatures in high-power GaN-based LEDs

We presented the analysis of the incomplete conduction in bonding medium in high power GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) packages. A numerical study was carried out with parametric model to understand the junction temperature variation due to bonding medium defects. Transient thermal measurement was performed to evaluate LED’s junction temperature. Thermal resistance from chip to lead frame was 20 K/W in our sample LED. It was suggested that only 60% of the surface area of the bonding medium was involved...     

Oxidation and Fracture Strength of High-Purity Reaction-Bonded Silicon Nitride

Reaction-bonded Si₃N₄ (RBSN) made from high-purity Si powder is unusually resistant to degradation caused by exposures to air for up to 50 h at temperatures up to 1400°C. The weight gain during oxidation of this SiH₄-originating RBSN is approximately 10 times less than conventional RBSN. Contrary to normally observed strength degradations, room-temperature strengths of this high-purity, oxidized RBSN (avg = 435 MPa, max. = 668 MPa) remained at their unusually high, as-processed levels after 1000° and 1400°C oxidizing exposures. Fracture toughness values were unaffected by oxidation ( K _IC= 2.3 to 2.4 MPa · m^1/2). This superior oxidation resistance results from the high purity and the small diameter pore channels (0.01 to 0.06 μm) achieved in this SiH₄-originating RBSN.     

Electroless deposition of Ni on template of halloysite and its magnetic property

Halloysite template, a ceramic substrate, is of a hollow cylindric structure, on which the fine Pd nanoparticles are uniformly formed by the reduction of palldate chloride to initiate electroless deposition. The electroless deposition of Ni is catalyzed by the Pd particles, which results in a uniform layer of Ni-P alloy on halloysite. The alloy is of a nanocrystalline structure, of which the average diameter is about 6 nm. After being heat-treated at 400 ℃, it contains both Ni and Ni12P5 crystal, meanwhile, the Ni crystal gets larger with an average size of 51.9 nm.The content of phosphorous in the Ni layer has a great influence on crystal structure. The metallized halloysite has a higher inherent coercive force, and a much lower saturation magnetization in its as-plated state, while after heattreatment, the inherent coercive force decreases drastically. These magnetic properties have great relationship with the superparamagnetism of Ni nanocrystalline and the stress anisotropy in Ni layer.     

铝—钢双金属复合轧制层厚比及轧制力的研究

用实验方法研究了铝－钢双金属复合轧制时层厚比的变化规律。给出了双金属复合时轧制力的计算式。     

电动振动台试验能力的确认方法研究

研究电动振动台的特性,根据产品振动试验条件提出电动振动台能否满足试验条件的要求,找到电动振动台试验能力范围的确认方法。该文以DC-8000-80电动振动台为实例描述电动振动台能力范围的确认方法研究。     

中国传统造物艺术研究——中国古代建筑环境造物艺术的美学特征

美学是研究美、美感以及艺术美的学科,对于中国古代建筑环境造物艺术的美学特征,自古有之,它充分的体现了中国悠久的建筑的历史,同时表达了人们对生活的向往和热爱。本文就以中国古代建筑环境造物艺术的美学特征进行论述,从文中可以领会到中国古代建筑环境造物艺术的博大精深。