Plant Copper Amine Oxidases: Key Players in Hormone Signaling Leading to Stress-Induced Phenotypic Plasticity

Polyamines are ubiquitous, low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds, present in living organisms and essential for cell growth and differentiation. Copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) oxidize polyamines to aminoaldehydes releasing ammonium and hydrogen peroxide, which participates in the complex network of reactive oxygen species acting as signaling molecules involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. CuAOs have been identified and characterized in different plant species, but the most extensive study on a CuAO gene family has been carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana. Growing attention has been devoted in the last years to the investigation of the CuAO expression pattern during development and in response to an array of stress and stress-related hormones, events in which recent studies have highlighted CuAOs to play a key role by modulation of a multilevel phenotypic plasticity expression. In this review, the attention will be focused on the involvement of different AtCuAOs in the IAA/JA/ABA signal transduction pathways which mediate stress-induced phenotypic plasticity events.     

Effect of LiTFSI and LiFSI on Cycling Performance of Lithium Metal Batteries Using Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Halloysite Nanotubes Solid Electrolyte

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLB) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the large-scale commercial application of high energy density AS S LB with the polymer electrolyte still faces challenges.In this study,a thin solid polymer composite electrolyte(SPCE) is prepared through a facile and cost-effective strategy with an infiltration of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU),lithium salt(LiTFSI or LiFSI),and halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) in a porous framework of polyethylene separator(PE)(TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE or TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE).The composition,electrochemical performance,and especially the effect of anions(TFSI~-and FSI~-) on cycling performance are investigated.The results reveal that the flexible TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE and TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE with a thickness of 34 μm exhibit wide electrochemical windows of 4.9 and 5.1 V(vs.Li+/Li) at 60℃,respectively.Reduction in FSI~-tends to form more LiF and sulfur compounds at the interface between TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE and Li metal anode,thus enhancing the interfacial stability.As a result,cell composed of TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE exhibits a smaller increase in interfacial resistance of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) with a distinct decrease in charge-transfer resistance during cycling.Li|Li symmetric cell with TPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PE could keep its stable overpotential profile for nearly 1300 h with a low hysteresis of approximately39 mV at a current density of 0.1 mA cm~(-2),while a sudden voltage rise with internal cell impedance-surge signals was observed within 600 h for cell composed of TPU-HNTs-LiTFSI-PE.The initial capacities of NCMITPU-HNTs-LiTFSIPEILi and NCMITPU-HNTs-LiFSI-PEILi cells were 149 and 114 mAh g~(-1),with capacity retention rates of 83.52% and89.99% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C,respectively.This study provides a valuable guideline for designing flexible SPCE,which shows great application prospect in the practice of ASSLB.     

Speciation of copper in high chloride concentrations,in the context of corrosion of copper canisters

Canisters with a cast iron insert for mechanical strength and a 50-mm thick copper shell as corrosion protection are planned to be used for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden and Finland. Chloride can be considered “beneficial”, as it promotes active dissolution of copper rather than passivation (which might result in pitting), but a high concentration of chloride in solution would increase the driving force for corrosion through the formation of soluble copper chloro complexes. Thermodynamic calculations are performed in this study with the PHREEQC software and three of its accompanying databases, and a comparison with experimental data is performed to select the database to be used when evaluating repository performance. The activity coefficient models are given special attention. For the assessment of chloride-assisted corrosion of a KBS-3 canister, chloride concentrations pessimistically up to 5 mol/kg are used (in Finland and Sweden, the groundwater and bentonite porewater chloride concentrations are not expected to exceed 1 mol/kg). The resulting copper solubilities are then considered in different mass transport cases.     

Influence of CO2 inleakage on the slight-alkalization of generator internal cooling water

The slight-alkalization of generator internal cooling water (GICW) is widely used to inhibit the corrosion of hollow copper conductor and thereby ensure the safe operation of the generator. CO₂ inleakage is increasingly identified as a potential security risk for GICW system. In this paper, the influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization of GICW was theoretically discussed. Based on the equilibriums of the CO₂-NaOH-H₂O system, CO₂ inleakage saturation was derived to quantify the amount of the dissolved CO₂ in GICW. This parameter can be directly calculated with the measured conductivity and the [Na⁺] of GICW. The influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization conditioning of GICW and the measurement of its water quality parameters were then analyzed. The more severe the inleakage, the narrower the water quality operation ranges of GICW, resulting in the more difficult the slight-alkalization conditioning of GICW. The temperature calibrations of the conductivity and the pH value of GICW show non-linear correlations with the amount of CO₂ inleakage and the NaOH dosage. This study provides insights into the influence of CO₂ inleakage on the slight-alkalization of GICW, which can serve as the theoretical basis for the actual slight-alkalization when CO₂ inleakage occurs.     

MnS掺杂多孔碳复合材料的制备及电化学性能（两张发票1000+2500）

褐煤作为低级煤资源利用率不高，但褐煤中具有腐植酸成分，将褐煤中提取的腐植酸作为化肥原料，提取后剩余残渣作为碳源，与MnS纳米粒子制备了MnS@C复合材料。采用XRD、拉曼光谱、XPS、N2吸附-脱附、SEM和TEM对样品进行了表征。将该复合材料应用于锂离子电池负极材料，对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明，MnS@C复合材料的比表面积和孔容分别为117.19m2/g和0.044mL/g，该电极在0.1 A/g电流密度条件下循环200次后比容量高达830 mA‧h/g，且电极容量保持率为99%左右。在0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、1.2和1.6 A/g电流密度下比容量分别为644、522、427、399、373和348mAh/g，展现出良好的倍率性能。MnS@C复合材料优异的电化学性能得益于碳基体的存在，不仅可以缓解MnS纳米粒子在嵌锂/脱锂过程中的体积膨胀，而且展示了锂离子电池高性能的巨大潜力，为褐煤的高值化利用作出巨大贡献。     

Essential (Mg,Fe, Zn and Cu) and Non-Essential (Cd and Pb) Elements in Predatory Insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): A Molecular Perspective

The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.     

Corrosion behavior of copper in extremely harsh marine atmosphere in Nansha Islands,China

The corrosion behavior of pure copper exposed to the atmosphere of Nansha Islands for 21 months was studied by mass loss method, composition analysis, morphology observation and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the average corrosion rate of copper exposed for one year was approximately 7.85 μm/a, implying that Nansha Islands was classified as a corrosion category of CX. The structure and properties of the corrosion product layer generated on the front and back sides of the exposed sample differed significantly. The inner corrosion product layer (Cu₂O) on the front side was relatively thick and dense, whereas the outer product layer (Cu₂Cl(OH)₃) was extremely thin. However, the outer product layer on the back side was thicker than the inner layer. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the protection afforded by the corrosion product layer on the front side was improved gradually, while that on the back side was deteriorated.     

稀有气体同位素样品取样及分析方法改进

根据渗透性、释气性、密封性特征,不锈钢、紫铜适合作为气体、水稀有气体同位素样品取样容器材料,尽量避免使用工艺玻璃容器,特别是不能使用石英玻璃容器。重晶石、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等硫酸盐和硫化物是良好的研究单矿物包裹体稀有气体同位素组成特征的实验对象,也可以根据矿床类型选择适当的单矿物,粒度一般为20~40目,质量2 g左右。铜管冷焊法是水样品取样一种比较可靠的新方法,其特点是具有极低的漏率。取样体积一般为50 mL,可以实现稀有气体同位素组成与含量的测定,为水中溶解性稀有气体同位素示踪提供了有力支撑。水中气泡气体取样采用正压吹扫法收集气体,该方法操作方便,易收集气体,一个大气压条件下,取样体积为50 mL。不锈钢管、紫铜管等金属材料的使用,可保证样品在相对较长时间保存过程中避免大气的污染。简述了包裹体、水、气体三类样品稀有气体同位素组成分析主要原理和流程。     

Uniform α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with narrow gap immobilized on CNTs through N-doped carbon as high-performance lithium-ion batteries anode

Fe₂O₃ with high theoretical capacity, low cost, and environmental friendliness has been attracted great attention in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which however is limited by low rate capability and fast capacity fading owing to low electronic conductivity, self-aggregation, and sever volume expansion. CNTs with excellent conductivity and unique 3D interconnected network are ideal matrices for composite electrochemical materials, but it is difficult to meet the demand of high capacity. Here, uniform α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with narrow gap (~1.4 nm) were immobilized on CNTs through N-doped carbon (α-Fe₂O₃/CNTs-NC) that can address these issues. As an advanced LIBs anode, the electrode displays unprecedented specific capacity (1173 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g) and outstanding rate behavior (716.4 mAh/g at 5.0 A/g after 1200 cycles), which are even superior to the theoretical capacity (1007 mAh/g) and the performance of most reported Fe₂O₃-based anodes. Homogeneous nano-sized α-Fe₂O₃ with a narrow gap highly shortens the diffusion path for Li⁺ transport, exposes quite sufficient active sites, and prevents the volume change. Moreover, the 3D backbone of CNTs with a more homogeneously distributed electric field can enhance conductivity, and tightly contact with α-Fe₂O₃ by NC, then obtain robust structural stability, which boosts LIBs in storage capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability.     

Design of a Multilayered Oxygen-Evolution Electrode with High Catalytic Activity and Corrosion Resistance for Saline Water Splitting

The realization of seawater electrolysis requires high-performing anode materials that should possess good catalytic activity, stability, and specificity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as high resistance toward chloride corrosion. Herein, the design of a multilayered oxygen-evolution electrode is reported to meet the multiple needs of anode material for saline water splitting. The multilayered electrode is synthesized through direct thermal boronization of commercially available NiFe alloy plate with boron powder, followed by electrochemical oxidation. And this electrode is composed of the surface oxidized NiFeBx alloy layer, the NiFeBx alloy interlayer, and the NiFe alloy substrate. The boron species are present in the form of metaborate in the outermost oxidized NiFeBx layer, and their existence is conductive to the generation and stabilization of the catalytic active phase γ-(Ni,Fe)OOH. The introduction of NiFeBx interlayer effectively prevents the excessive oxidative corrosion of the anode material in the electrolyte containing chloride ions.