基于广州市政垃圾渗滤液的MFC性能及阳极微生物分析

为了分离纯化可适应渗滤液极端环境的产电菌,以广州市白云区李坑和兴丰两处垃圾填埋场获取的渗滤液为底物运行微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell, MFC）,待稳定输出多个周期后剪取阳极碳布进行单菌落培养和电镜扫描。结果显示,各组渗滤液底物MFC均能成功启动。李坑四季样的MFC峰值电压分别为0.334、0.331、0.321、0.328 V;兴丰四季样的MFC峰值电压分别为0.512、0.54、0.523、0.536 V。对各组渗滤液底物微生物燃料电池的阳极进行菌株分离纯化并单菌落培养构建阳极微生物系统发育树,发现经过MFC驯化后的阳极菌株具有较高丰度和差异性;SEM扫描发现各组实验中菌株均吸附在阳极碳布上形成稳定的膜结构,根据产电呼吸的基本电子传递机制推测渗滤液底物MFC中的微生物通过与阳极直接接触来传递电子。     

垃圾渗滤液污染土壤的生物修复技术的研究

垃圾卫生填埋因操作简单、处理量大而成为我国处理城市生活垃圾的主要方法,其所产生的垃圾渗滤液因含有高浓度的有机污染物对地表水、地下水及土壤环境产生严重的污染。文章概述了垃圾渗滤液的产生及其对环境的影响;介绍了垃圾渗滤液的修复技术;重点阐述了垃圾渗滤液在土壤环境中的吸附行为与生物降解及其在土壤中的迁移行为,以及生物修复技术处理垃圾渗滤液污染土壤的机理和处理效果。     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理技术的研究现状及展望

主要介绍国内外垃圾渗滤液生物处理技术的研究进展及趋势,指出垃圾渗滤液处理技术存在的问题,提出对现有技术的升级改造和新技术的研发,并指明产业化应用是垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究重点,对现有处理技术进行整合是垃圾渗滤液处理技术的重要发展方向。本研究旨在为我国改造及新建垃圾渗滤液工程提供参考。     

混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液预处理研究

利用混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究。首先以PAC为混凝剂,PAM为助凝剂对垃圾渗滤液进行混凝处理,然后对混凝后渗滤液进行Fenton氧化。考察混凝剂用量,起始pH值,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比,Fenton试剂投药量和搅拌速度对垃圾渗滤液COD去除的影响,并进行正交试验分析。结果表明:混凝法的最佳投药量为1 L渗滤液投加1.5 g PAC和5 mg PAM;Fenton法的最佳条件为:起始pH值为3,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比为8∶1,Fenton试剂投药量为135 g/L,搅拌速度为150 r/min;各因素对Fenton试验影响大小为:起始pH值Fenton试剂投药量搅拌速度。在最佳条件下,混凝-Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液COD去除率可达91.41%。     

芬顿+改良活性炭深度处理垃圾渗滤液的应用

主要研究了芬顿+改良活性炭深度处理垃圾渗滤液在实际工程中的应用。考察了初始运行的处理效果,CODCr、SS、色度均能达标,UV254(反映腐殖酸类物质的量)的去除效果表较明显。对吸附剂的实际吸附能力进行了考察,一级吸附在运行110天时才出现吸附效率明显降低,二级吸附在一级吸附能力下降时可以保证较高的去除率(70%以上)。该工艺深度处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液药剂费和活性炭更换费之和为21.27元/吨水,可以满足渗滤液处理的经济性要求。     

Interface transmissivity of conventional and multicomponent GCLs for three permeants

A laboratory investigation of the interface transmissivity is reported for five different geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and a range of different geomembranes (GMBs) for a range of stresses from 10 to 150?kPa. The GCLs were prehydrated under normal stress before permeation. The GCLs examined comprised three multicomponent (a smooth coated, a smooth laminated, and textured coated) and two conventional (one with granular and one with powdered sodium bentonite) GCLs. The effect of a 4?mm circular defect in the coating of a multicomponent GCL directly below the 10?mm diameter hole in the GMB is investigated. The effect of GMB stiffness and texture is examined. Additionally, the effect of hydration and permeation of smooth coated GCL with highly saline solution and synthetic landfill leachate (SL3) is presented. It is shown that the 2-week interface transmissivity (θ_2-week) can be one to two orders of magnitude higher than steady-state interface transmissivity (θ _steady-state) at low stresses (10?kPa–50?kPa), whereas at high stresses (150?kPa) the variation is substantially less. For a smooth coated GCL hydrated and permeated with reverse osmosis (RO) water, GMB stiffness and texture has a limited effect on interface transmissivity when the coating is placed in contact with GMB at normal stresses of 10?kPa–150?kPa, whereas coating indentations result in much high interface transmissivity when placed in contact with GMB. GCL prehydration and permeation with highly saline solutions leads to higher interface transmissivity compared to RO water. With a 4.0?mm defect in the coating, the interface transmissivity between the coating and woven geotextile is higher than that between the coating and GMB for the stress levels and GCL examined.     

垃圾渗滤液的生物处理方法

针对垃圾渗滤液成分复杂而且种类较多、有机物浓度高、水质、水量变化大、NH3-N含量高、微生物营养元素比例失调等特点,介绍了渗滤液的预处理技术和深度处理—生物处理工艺,尤其详细分析了生物处理法的最佳处理条件、效率。     

膜技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用现状及存在问题

对我国垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液的特点,膜技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用,膜技术在处理垃圾渗滤液中存在的问题进行了综述,分析了膜技术的优势并提出膜技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的发展趋势。     

内蒙古巴彦乌拉砂岩型铀矿床成因

通过对巴彦乌拉铀矿床含矿含水层水化学样品和氢氧同位素样品测试结果的分析得知,目的层段地下水分为Na HCO_3型水(高矿化度)和Na_2SO_4型水。两水型对应的自然环境为油田水环境和地表水环境,水化学特征和H-O同位素特征显示目的层段地下水为混合水,是深部油田水和地表溶滤水的混合。H-O同位素还显示目的层段地下水经历了水—岩作用,地下水的高矿化度主要由此产生,水文地球化学特征指示油田水所处的源区地层处于半封闭半开启状态,还原作用不彻底,有地表溶滤水的渗入,水交替迟缓。在差异隆升作用的影响下,被活化了的马尼特坳陷盆缘断裂和盆中深大断裂成为油田水上涌至目的层段的通道,油田水携带的CH_4、H_2S等还原剂一方面造成了目的层段的后生蚀变现象,另一方面与地表渗入的溶滤水中的碳酸铀酰反应,将碳酸铀酰中的六价铀还原成四价铀从水中沉淀析出堆积成矿。     

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in recycled leachate of bioreactor landfill

Landfill leachate needs sufficient treatment before safe disposal. Bioreactor landfill technology could effectively degrade the organic matters in recirculated leachate, hence leaving a leachate stream of low biodegradability. This study characterized the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the leachate from simulated bioreactor landfill columns with or without presence of trace oxygen. The removal efficiencies of this DOM using coagulation-sedimentation or electrolysis processes were demonstrated. Recirculated leachates were sampled from the simulated landfill columns applying conventional mode, intermittent-aeration mode, and natural aeration mode, whose DOM was fractionated into humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and hydrophilic fractions (HyI) by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The recirculated leachate had low BOD/COD ratio, high humic substances contents, and high aromatic content. Their HA fraction comprised mainly large molecules (>10 k Da), while the FA and HyI were composed of smaller molecules (<50 k and <4 k Da, respectively). With the presence of oxygen, the TOC contents and the contents of HA, FA and HyI in leachate reduced, with FA and HyI fractions of molecular weight (MW) lower than 4 k Da more readily degraded. The organic matters left in leachates from intermittent-aeration mode and natural aeration mode were of low biodegradability. It was tested in the following sections the effects of coagulation-sedimentation process and of electrolysis process on the removal of residual DOM in recirculated leachate. Coagulation-sedimentation tests revealed that poly ferric sulphate (PFS) could remove more COD (58.1%) from leachate than polyaluminum chloride (PACl) (22.9%), particularly on the HA fraction with MW>10 k Da. Coagulation-sedimentation could not remove most of HyI in leachate. Furthermore, the corresponding BOD/COD ratio was not improved through coagulation. Electrolysis test could also effectively removed HA of MW>10 k Da. However, the biodegradability of treated effluent considerably was improved. The electrolysis could decompose high MW substances and increase biodegradability of recirculated leachate from bioreactor landfill.