响应面法优化甘薯脆片干燥工艺

为探究甘薯脆片热泵干燥最佳工艺,在单因素试验基础上,以烘干温度、烘干时间、切片厚度、汽漂时间为影响因素,以含油率及感官评分为响应值,用Box-Behnken试验设计建立响应面分析模型。结果表明,甘薯脆片烘干最佳工艺为:烘干温度74℃、切片厚度2.7 mm、汽漂时间3 min,烘干时间为3.5 h,在此优化条件下,甘薯脆片油炸后感官评分为88.75分,含油率为7.84%,在此条件下得到的产品色香味俱全。     

Spray dryer processed graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitor

This study deals with the utility of mini spray dryer process to improve the dispersibility, of graphene oxide(GO) and its application for high-performance supercapacitor. Initially, the neutral solution of GO was obtained using the modified Hummer's method. After this, the prepared GO solution was processed by mini spray dryer to obtain a more purified, lighter, and dispersed form of GO which is named as spray dryer processed GO (SPGO). The SPGO thus obtained showed excellent dispersibility behavior with various solvents, which is not found in case of conventional oven drying. Furthermore, utility of SPGO and its reduced form (r-SPGO) for supercapacitor applications have been investigated. Results obtained from the cyclic voltammetry(CV) analysis, impedance, and charge-discharge behavior of supercapacitor fabricated using r-SPGO shows enhanced features. Therefore, the simple spray dried GO and its reduced form, that is, r-SPGO can be utilized as a potential candidate for the supercapacitor application. Herein, as synthesized SPGO exhibited the specific capacitance of 12.07 and 37.6 F/g with PVA-H₃PO₄ and 1 mol/L H₃PO₄, respectively, at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. On the other hand, reduced form of SPGO, that is, r-SPGO showed the specific capacitance of 27.16 and 230 F/g with PVA-H₃PO₄ and 1 mol/L H₃PO₄, respectively.     

基于升华和解析干燥结束点杨梅冻干工艺优化

以东魁杨梅为研究对象,利用自制在线测量系统,实时测量和采集杨梅在冷冻干燥过程中的重量和温度及其变化曲线,对采集的数据进行分析,再结合杨梅冻干制品的吸湿率变化,判断升华干燥时间终结点,根据样品中心温度变化率或重量变化率趋于零时判断为解析干燥结束点。研究结果表明,杨梅冻干工艺优化条件为:杨梅共晶点平均温度-20.5℃,共熔点平均温度-17.7℃,升华干燥阶段搁板温度-20.0℃,升华时间30.0h,解析干燥阶段搁板温度50.0℃。该条件下生产的冻干杨梅色泽为紫红色,形态完整,质密松脆,具有杨梅的浓郁气味,便于贮藏。     

Multiscale Modeling for Food Drying: State of the Art

Plant‐based food materials are mostly porous in nature and heterogeneous in structure with huge diversity in cellular orientation. Different cellular environments of plant‐based food materials, such as intercellular, intracellular, and cell wall environments, hold different proportions of water with different characteristics. Due to this structural heterogeneity, it is very difficult to understand the drying process and associated morphological changes during drying. Transport processes and morphological changes that take place during drying are mainly governed by the characteristics of and the changes in the cells. Therefore, to predict the actual heat and mass transfer process that occurs in the drying process and associated morphological changes, development of multiscale modeling is crucial. Multiscale modeling is a powerful approach with the ability to incorporate this cellular structural heterogeneity with microscale heat and mass transfer during drying. However, due to the huge complexity involved in developing such a model for plant‐based food materials, the studies regarding this issue are very limited. Therefore, we aim in this article to develop a critical conceptual understanding of multiscale modeling frameworks for heterogeneous food materials through an extensive literature review. We present a critical review on the multiscale model formulation and solution techniques with their spatial and temporal coupling options. Food structure, scale definition, and the current status of multiscale modeling are also presented, along with other key factors that are critical to understanding and developing an accurate multiscale framework. We conclude by presenting the main challenges for developing an accurate multiscale modeling framework for food drying.     

Retention of Eucalyptol,a Natural Volatile Insecticide,in Delivery Systems Based on Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin and Liposomes

Eucalyptol (Euc) is a natural monoterpene with insecticide effects. Being highly volatile and sensitive to ambient conditions, its encapsulation would enlarge its application. Euc‐loaded conventional liposomes (CL), cyclodextrin/drug inclusion complex, and drug‐in‐cyclodextrin‐in‐liposomes (DCL) are prepared to protect Euc from degradation, reduce its evaporation, and provide its controlled release. The liposomal suspension is freeze‐dried using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) as cryoprotectant. The liposomes are characterized before and after freeze‐drying. The effect of Euc on the fluidity of liposomal membrane is also examined. A release study of Euc from delivery systems, in powder and reconstituted forms, is performed by multiple head extraction at 60 °C after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. CL and DCL suspensions are homogeneous, show nanometric vesicles size, spherical shape, and negative surface charge before and after freeze‐drying. Moreover, HP‐β‐CD does not affect the fluidity of liposomes. CL formulations present a weak encapsulation for Euc. The loading capacity of eucalyptol in DCL is 38 times higher than that in CL formulation. In addition, freeze‐dried DCL and HP‐β‐CD/Euc inclusion complex show a higher retention of eucalyptol than CL delivery system. Both carrier systems HP‐β‐CD/Euc and Euc‐loaded DCL decrease Euc evaporation and improve its retention. Practical Applications: Eucalyptol is a natural insecticide. It is highly volatile and poorly soluble in water. To enlarge its application, its encapsulation in three delivery systems (conventional liposomes, cyclodextrin/drug inclusion complex, combined system composed of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and liposome) is studied. In this paper it is proved that cyclodextrin/eucalyptol inclusion complex and eucalyptol‐in‐cyclodextrin‐in‐liposome are effective delivery systems for encalyptol encapsulation, retention, and release.     

喷雾干燥条件对果蔬粉加工特性影响研究进展

果蔬粉加工是果蔬综合利用的重要方法之一。果蔬因富含糖类和热敏性成分,普通干燥无法制备性能优良的果蔬粉产品。喷雾干燥因效率高,出风温度低,产品性能好,是目前果蔬粉常用方法。喷雾干燥中,不同干燥条件对果蔬粉产率、品质有着重要影响。该文综述进风温度、助干剂种类和添加量、进料浓度、进料流量、热空气流量对果蔬粉产率和品质的影响,分析果蔬粉产率、性质变化的原因,以期为喷雾干燥法制备果蔬粉提供参考。     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

怀山药酵素粉的制备及抗氧化作用

通过单因素和正交试验优化怀山药酵素液的发酵条件,利用喷雾干燥技术制备怀山药酵素粉,分析怀山药酵素原液喷雾干燥前后超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性的变化,最后利用邻苯三酚自氧化法和H_2O_2/Fe体系反应法测定其对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除能力。结果表明,怀山药酵素液的最佳发酵工艺参数为糖浓度12%、接种量6%、发酵时间30 h、发酵温度42℃,该条件下怀山药酵素液SOD的活性为15. 35 U/mL。喷雾干燥后的怀山药酵素粉SOD活性没有显著的变化(P 0. 05)。抗氧化活性试验结果显示,怀山药酵素粉复原液能够有效地清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基。     

湿法炼锌酸浸渣常规干燥实验研究

本文以湿法炼锌酸性浸出渣为研究对象,实验研究干燥温度、物料量、干燥时间对酸浸渣相对脱水率的影响,综合考虑干燥工艺的时效性、经济效益以及工艺效率,控制物料量为50g、干燥温度为90℃、干燥时间为80min时,酸浸渣相对脱水率可达到98.32%。实验研究对促进酸浸渣中有价金属的资源综合利用、改善环境等具有重要的指导意义。     

碱度对熔剂性球团生球性能的影响

 熔剂性铁矿球团具有优良的高温冶金性能，是高炉炼铁的优质炉料。为探明生产熔剂性铁矿球团时碱度对生球性能的影响规律，以某钢厂赤铁精矿为原料，通过添加石灰石粉调节碱度，进行了造球及生球干燥特性试验研究。结果发现，提高碱度，生球落下强度呈提高趋势，抗压强度变化不明显，适宜膨润土配比略有下降，生球爆裂温度明显提高，生球干燥速率则没有明显变化。与基准自然碱度（R＝0.14）相比，当碱度提高到0.6以上时，适宜膨润土配比由1.2%下降到1.1%，生球爆裂温度提高近50 ℃以上。