国际橄榄理事会的定位和使命及相关标准（网络首发、推荐阅读）

The International Olive Council(IOC) is an international intergovernmental organization dedicated to olive oil and table olives, aiming at modernizing olive production, coordinating olive policies, improving the regulation of international trade, defending the quality of the olive sector and promoting olive oil and table olives to increase their consumption. The IOC grants recognition of laboratories and tasting panels in annual trials when they meet the conditions given in the decisions adopting the IOC certificate for laboratories for the physico–chemical testing of olive oil and laboratories for the sensory analysis of virgin olive oils. The IOC establishes analysis methods applying to olive oils and olive pomace oils for purity, quality and organoleptic assessment. The IOC elaborates guides of storage conditions for olive oils and olive pomace oils, of managing virgin olive oil tasting panels and of sensory testing laboratories. In future works, the IOC includes activities to identify analytical criteria for detecting fraud and guaranteeing the quality of olive oils and olive pomace oils.     

Enhancement of a global lake and reservoir database to aid climate studies and resource monitoring utilizing satellite radar altimetry

Here, we describe the expansion and enhancement of a large (surface area ≥100 km²) lake and reservoir database (1.GREALD). These efforts have also resulted in the spin-off of two additional databases, one containing lakes and reservoirs (2.GREALD, area 10–99 km²), and the other containing ephemeral lakes (3.GELD, area ≥100 km²). These databases are unique sources for projects that utilize satellite radar altimeter data to monitor surface water levels. While 1.GREALD aims to be a complete catalog, 2.GREALD focuses on reservoirs in response to applied sciences programs that monitor water and energy resources. The creation of 3.GELD has climate change objectives as well as water resources and ecosystem conservation applications. The recording of information pertaining to the potential overpasses (waterbody crossings) of the current and archive satellite altimeters is a primary objective as is the need to highlight any form of controlled water level variation. The permanent water databases now contain 6282 entries, half experience some form of anthropogenic influence and ～430 have been identified as potential climatically sensitive terminal lakes. The revised integral surface area distribution is a power law with exponent ?1.016. Statistics reveal that with altimetric repeat visit times of 10-day to monthly, at least 80% of the permanent water bodies (≥10 km²) have been overflown at some period since the 1990s. Current information on water use and reservoir formation date show that the primary use of the reservoir class is hydroelectric power, and that China, Brazil, India, Turkey, and Vietnam dominate the dam building in recent decades.     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia‐Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia‐Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

Development of the method of production of the ultrafine macrohomogeneous composite powder

ABSTRACT

A method of ultrafine macro-homogeneous composite powder – B₄C–ZrO₂ production using a planetary mill was developed. From the macro-homogeneous composite high-density ceramics, B₄C–ZrB₂ was produced by the method of reactive sintering (in situ) at 2000°C under the pressure of 41–42?MPa. The effect of ZrO₂ grain size and of its distribution in the matrix on the consolidation parameters, and the microstructure of the obtained ceramics was studied.     

不同煤层掘进工作面瞬变电磁法探测应用研究

煤矿井下瞬变电磁法成为煤矿井下超前探测工作的重要手段，在矿井水害预测预报上发挥着很大的作用。随着矿井上组煤层资源的逐渐枯竭，煤矿开采资源逐渐延伸向下组煤层。同一井田范围内同煤层及其顶底板的岩性特征一般相差不大，瞬变电磁法在同煤层施工过程中接收到的物理背景场较为接近；而不同煤层及其顶底板岩性特征通常会有较大的差别，瞬变电磁法在不同煤层施工过程中会接收到差别较大的物理背景场。当矿井存在多煤层开采时，通过大量数据研究瞬变电磁法在不同煤层巷道探测中的响应特征规律，分析并掌握不同煤层条件对瞬变电磁法探测结果的影响，能够提高瞬变电磁法在多煤层探测成果的准确性。     

水位骤降对下伏隧道堤防安全影响研究

建立了考虑水位骤降条件下的下伏隧道堤防模型,依托湘江某下伏隧道堤防工程,基于堤防边坡渗流原理,结合有限元应力计算,探讨了不同水位骤降速率下的浸润线情况,计算了堤防安全系数。研究结果表明:湘江水位骤降速率越快,浸润线变化范围越大,浸润线变化范围与水位降落速率成正比;湘江水位骤降速度在3 m/d^4 m/d,水位降到28.8 m时,堤岸失去稳定;水位骤降并非整个过程中堤岸均处于失稳状态,而是水位降至某高度后堤岸失稳,骤降速率增快对堤防安全系数有一定负面作用。研究结果对隧道下穿堤防建设具有一定指导意义。     

张庄铁矿高阶段矿房切割天井施工工艺试验

张庄铁矿设计采矿方法为大直径深孔阶段空场嗣后充填法。为了最大化发挥采矿设备性能，降低采切工程量，提高回采效率，通过实施一系列技术攻关，实现了将采矿阶段高度由原来的60 m提高到90 m。而作为最初爆破回采的自由面及爆破补偿空间，切割天井施工工艺为影响高阶段矿房爆破回采效果的关键因素，施工质量的优劣，直接影响矿房爆破回采生产作业能否顺利进行，而二次处理在增加施工成本的同时将带来安全隐患。张庄铁矿在面临可参考的成熟经验较少的情况下，结合现场可用的作业条件采取了对比试验的方法，在安全、技术及经济多方面综合分析比较下，确定了最终方案，为张庄铁矿安全稳定生产奠定了基础，同时研究成果可为大型地下矿山生产实践提供一定的参考。     

库水位变动下庄屋滑坡变形与稳定性分析

库水位变动是三峡库区滑坡等地质灾害频发的重要原因之一。为研究库水位变动对库岸涉水滑坡变形和稳定性的影响,以庄屋滑坡为例,结合GPS位移监测数据和数值模拟分析,探讨了该滑坡在库水升降过程中变形和稳定性的响应规律。结果表明,庄屋滑坡受库水影响滑坡后缘变形大于前缘,为推移式滑坡。水位变动过程中,滑坡渗流和稳定性变化具有动水压力型滑坡特点,即在水位上升时滑体内地下水浸润线呈内凹趋势,水位下降时滑体内地下水浸润线呈外凸趋势,且具有一定的滞后性;库水位上升时滑坡稳定性系数增大,水位下降时减小;当库水位保持在恒定水位时,稳定性系数也逐渐趋于稳定。     

Optimal carbon reduction level and ordering quantity under financial constraints

Carbon tax policy is widely adopted by many countries to curb carbon emissions. In the context of carbon tax policy, firms have more incentive to improve carbon reduction levels by reducing their carbon tax costs. However, firms need to bear carbon reduction costs that may cause shortage of capital. Thus, firms may face problems of financial constraints, which may demotivate firms to produce greener products. To address the decision‐making challenges of firms in the contexts of carbon tax policy and financial constraints, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer who produces green products and a retailer who sells these products. Our study develops five models to investigate the two firms’ optimal wholesale price, carbon reduction level and ordering quantity, according to the manufacturer and retailer with or without financial constraints. Our goal in this study is to explore how carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates affect the profits of the two firms, supply chain and consumer surplus. Certain managerial insights are obtained as follows. We demonstrate that carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates demotivate the manufacturer to produce greener products and demotivate the retailer to order more products. If the interest rate to the manufacturer (retailer) is relatively low, then the manufacturer with financial constraint benefits (harms) the consumers compared with the retailer with financial constraint. Importantly, our analysis suggests that carbon tax policy harms the firms but benefits consumers, and the government in some conditions should reduce unit carbon tax.     

气藏采收率影响因素研究与启示——以靖边气田A井区为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田A井区为例，采用单因素相关分析和数值模拟方法，对比研究了井网控制程度、储层物性及地层废弃压力对气藏采收率影响及其主次关系。结果表明，井网控制程度是影响采收率的首要因素，井网控制程度每增加10%，采收率提高8.5%；渗透率是影响采收率的重要因素，渗透率每增加10%，采收率平均增加6%；废弃压力对采收率亦有较大影响，废弃压力每降低10%，采收率可提高1.6%。三者对采收率影响综合排序为：井网控制程度>储层物性>废弃压力。分析认为，渗透率是储层固有属性，很难从根本改变；而废弃压力受井口外输压力和增压开采成本制约，降低幅度有限。因此，优化井网及增加井网控制程度是提高气藏采收率的有效途径。研究成果具有实践意义，可为改进气田开发方式和提高气藏采收率提供参考。