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1.
磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷是固化“难溶”核废料的优异基材,具有高的废料包容量和优异的稳定性,因而,磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化是高放核废料固化处理的重要研究方向之一。本文简要综述了高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的类型、固化机理、固化体设计、稳定性及其制备,并对其研究做了展望。其今后研究方向主要包括:(1) 磷酸盐玻璃固化体的中长期化学稳定性、蚀变规律和抗腐蚀机制的研究;关注其物理性能、热稳定性和辐照稳定性;(2) 磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的简洁制备工艺技术及其工艺原理,及其对设备和电极的侵蚀和寿命的影响。  相似文献   
2.
In this study, chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings (CBPCCs) with different contents of aluminum phosphate (AP) are prepared on stainless steel (AISI 304L). Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, contact angle test, and a tribocorrosion experiment are carried out to clarify the role of AP in the tribocorrosion performance of CBPCCs. The results show that, with the increase in the AP content, the enthalpy of curing increases because of the greater formation of the bonding phase AlPO4. Both in static corrosion and in tribocorrosion, the corrosion current density of CBPCCs achieves the lowest value when the weight ratio of AP to polytetrafluoroethylene is about 0.78. Additionally, the influence mechanism of AP on tribocorrosion is clarified. AlPO4 from the reaction between AP and Al2O3 has excellent mechanical properties and can enhance the wear resistance of CBPCCs by reducing the mechanical wear and the increased wear due to corrosion. The alumina particles wrapped by AlPO4 can form a dense and smooth surface and change the direction of electrolyte propagation, which leads to the increase in the tribocorrosion resistance of CBPCCs.  相似文献   
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试验设计了5种不同硅含量的蠕墨铸铁铁液,分析了硅含量对蠕墨铸铁凝固的热分析曲线特征值TEU、TER、△Tr和蠕墨铸铁蠕化率的影响。试验结果表明:(1)在本次试验的硅含量范围内,蠕墨铸铁热分析曲线的特征值TEU和TER先是随着硅的增加而上升,然后,变化不明显;(2)蠕墨铸铁共晶温度回升特征值△Tr随着硅含量的增加呈下降趋势;(3)随着硅含量的提高,蠕墨铸铁中蠕虫状石墨数量减少,球状石墨数量增多,蠕化率降低。  相似文献   
5.
采用沸石序批式反应器(ZSBR)与缺氧上升流污泥床反应器(A-USB)组合工艺处理氧化铁红高氨氮废水,探究ZSBR稳定亚硝化特性以及组合工艺的脱氮性能。结果表明,通过游离氨(FA)抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB),ZSBR可实现稳定高效的完全亚硝化。在进水NH4+-N浓度约为700 mg/L的情况下,ZSBR的出水NH4+-N基本稳定在30 mg/L以下,亚硝化率(NAR)维持在95%以上,平均亚硝酸盐产率(NPR)最高可达0. 68 kg/(m3·d)。提升外回流比能够有效利用A-USB反硝化产生的碱度并减少ZSBR中碳酸氢钠碱度的投加量。以葡萄糖作为外加碳源进行反硝化试验,ZSBR出水经过A-USB反硝化处理后,总氮去除率(NRE)能够较稳定维持在85%以上,最高总氮去除负荷(NRR)可达5. 10 kg/(m3·d)。高通量测序分析表明,ZSBR样品中AOB(Nitrosomonas)的相对丰度达到了50. 93%,未检测出NOB,而具有反硝化功能的副球菌属、丛毛单胞菌属和假单胞菌属的相对丰度总占比可达7. 05%,进一步验证了组合工艺高效且稳定的脱氮性能。  相似文献   
6.
As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.  相似文献   
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目的 在保证膜层耐蚀性能的前提下,降低镁锂合金等离子电解氧化过程中的能量消耗.方法 分别使用常规NaOH-Na2SiO3电解体系与自研的NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7-Na3C6H5O7·2H2O(柠檬酸钠)低能耗电解体系,对LA91型镁锂合金进行等离子电解氧化,并探究其放电过程.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、掠入射X射线衍射仪(GIXRD),表征等离子电解氧化膜层的表面形貌、元素组成、物相组成.通过电化学极化曲线、盐雾试验,测试膜层的耐蚀性.结果 使用低能耗体系对镁锂合金进行等离子电解氧化处理,可将膜层的单位体积能耗降低至12.87 kJ/(dm2·μm),节约能耗约50.34%.在两个体系中制备的膜层表面均产生等离子电解氧化的特征性孔洞.低能耗体系膜层孔洞数量较少,但孔洞直径差异较大,孔隙率为14.21%;常规体系膜层孔洞大小均匀,但数量较多,孔隙率为13.93%.两个膜层表面的主要元素均为O、Mg、Na和Si.在低能耗体系中制备的膜层,主要物相为方镁石型MgO,而在常规体系中制备的膜层,物相组成较为复杂.盐雾试验和电化学极化曲线结果显示,在两种体系中进行等离子电解氧化,均能提升镁锂合金的耐蚀性.低能耗等离子氧化处理后,镁锂合金的腐蚀电流密度降低约3个数量级,腐蚀速率降低约2个数量级,自腐蚀电位正移0.261 V,有效地提升了镁锂合金的耐蚀性,并且耐蚀性的提升程度要优于常规体系.结论 使用低能耗体系电解液进行等离子电解氧化,能够形成孔洞特征不同于常规体系的等离子电解氧化膜层.与常规体系下制备的膜层相比,其厚度、孔隙率并无较大差异,但能够在节约较多能耗的情况下制备出耐蚀性能更好的等离子电解氧化膜层.  相似文献   
9.
通过"前驱体导入-原位沉积"的工艺路线,将水合氧化铈(HCO)纳米颗粒负载入强碱阴离子交换树脂(SAE)孔道内,制得复合纳米吸附剂HCO@SAE并用于污水中磷酸盐的深度去除。试验结果表明:与其母体材料SAE、粉末活性炭(PAC)和大孔吸附树脂XAD-4相比,HCO@SAE具有最佳的磷酸盐吸附性能。溶液pH值对HCO@SAE吸附磷酸盐的性能有较大影响,且在中性条件下可获得最大的磷酸盐吸附量(30.96 mgP/g)。得益于负载HCO纳米颗粒对磷酸盐的专属内配位络合作用,HCO@SAE能够在共存高浓度竞争离子的条件下实现对磷酸盐的选择性吸附。采用NaOH-NaCl混合溶液作为脱附剂可实现对吸附饱和HCO@SAE的高效再生,再生后吸附性能保持稳定,从而实现多批次循环吸附操作。  相似文献   
10.
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential elements for plant growth. Both elements are abundant in soils but with poor availability for plants, which favor their acquisition by developing morphological and physiological responses in their roots. Although the regulation of the genes related to these responses is not totally known, ethylene (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) have been involved in the activation of both Fe-related and P-related genes. The common involvement of ET and NO suggests that they must act in conjunction with other specific signals, more closely related to each deficiency. Among the specific signals involved in the regulation of Fe- or P-related genes have been proposed Fe-peptides (or Fe ion itself) and microRNAs, like miR399 (P), moving through the phloem. These Fe- or P-related phloem signals could interact with ET/NO and confer specificity to the responses to each deficiency, avoiding the induction of the specific responses when ET/NO increase due to other nutrient deficiencies or stresses. Besides the specificity conferred by these signals, ET itself could confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency by acting through different signaling pathways in each case. Given the above considerations, there are preliminary results suggesting that ET could regulate different nutrient responses by acting both in conjunction with other signals and through different signaling pathways. Because of the close relationship among these two elements, a better knowledge of the physiological and molecular basis of their interaction is necessary to improve their nutrition and to avoid the problems associated with their misuse. As examples of this interaction, it is known that Fe chlorosis can be induced, under certain circumstances, by a P over- fertilization. On the other hand, Fe oxides can have a role in the immobilization of P in soils. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the dynamic of known Fe- and P-related genes expression, selected ad hoc and involved in each of these deficiencies, would allow us to get a profound knowledge of the processes that regulate the responses to both deficiencies. The better knowledge of the regulation by ET of the responses to these deficiencies is necessary to properly understand the interactions between Fe and P. This will allow the obtention of more efficient varieties in the absorption of P and Fe, and the use of more rational management techniques for P and Fe fertilization. This will contribute to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the use of P and Fe fertilizers (Fe chelates) in agriculture and to adjust the costs for farmers, due to the high prices and/or scarcity of Fe and P fertilizers. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the knowledge about Fe and P deficiency responses, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and considering the interactions among their main regulators, including some hormones (ethylene) and signaling substances (NO and GSNO) as well as other P- and Fe-related signals.  相似文献   
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