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1.
为了解决醇胺法燃烧后捕集二氧化碳再生能耗过高的问题,研究了一种向胺溶液中添加金属离子以降低其CO2解吸能耗的方法,称之为金属离子络合物热缓冲自热利用技术。以广泛商业化应用的单乙醇胺(MEA)溶液为研究载体,并在MEA溶液中分别添加金属离子铜或镍, 通过建立含有金属离子的MEA捕集CO2体系的化学反应模型,解释金属离子热缓冲剂效应的内在机理。机理显示在MEA-金属离子-CO2-H2O体系中,金属-MEA络合物作为一种有效的反应热缓冲剂,将有机胺吸收CO2过程中释放的反应热(放热反应)存储于金属络合物的解离键能中(吸热反应),在CO2高温解吸中通过其络合放热反应将储存的能量释放出来用于CO2解吸,形成自热再生低能耗CO2捕集技术,从而降低了MEA再生的能耗。本文进行了综合的实验测定来评价金属离子对MEA溶液捕集CO2过程的性能提升影响,包括CO2反应热、解吸速率、吸收-解吸循环负载、汽液平衡溶解度等。实验结果表明铜离子或镍离子作为添加剂,能增加MEA的CO2平衡循环负载14%~20%或7%~10%,同时能够降低MEA的CO2反应热值6.6%~24%或6.0%~20%。 相似文献
2.
孔朝辉 《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2021,(1)
在苯乙烯装置吸收塔顶的尾气中,氢气体积分数超过90%,为了更好地回收利用氢气,在尾气出装置前设置尾气增压系统进行4级压缩,每级压缩后采用水冷器降温。在大修期间检查发现,水冷器气体侧的壳体内壁局部发生严重坑蚀。分析认为,该系统的腐蚀是由二氧化碳引起的。建议对该系统进行材质升级或在水冷器的壳体液相发生腐蚀的区域衬一层厚度1 mm左右的304不锈钢板,可以有效抑制该系统的腐蚀。 相似文献
3.
超临界CO2压缩机进口端干气密封工况处于临界点附近,强非线性物性及高Reynolds数流动使其密封特性异于常规介质干气密封。在综合考虑四种实际流体效应的稳态膜压求解模型基础上,基于摄动法推导了包括膜压、密度、黏度、Reynolds数、湍流系数和惯性系数在内的多变量摄动干气密封动特性数值模型。对比分析了超临界CO2和N2干气密封的动态特性,研究了不同频率比下各实际流体效应和变量摄动形式对超临界CO2干气密封动特性系数的影响规律,获得了不同条件下动态特性的关键影响因素。结果表明:高频下超临界CO2干气密封的刚度和阻尼系数较N2干气密封降幅超过50%,湍流效应和实际气体效应对干气密封动态特性影响显著,低频下采用经典变量摄动和忽略湍流系数摄动会使动特性系数计算偏差很大,而高频下经典变量摄动模型对刚度系数的预测精度可接受。 相似文献
4.
到目前为止TiO2是较为成熟的半导体光催化材料,但因TiO2分散性差、量子利用率低、比表面积小、难回收等问题难以工业化。多孔金属有机框架MOFs的引入可增强TiO2/MOFs复合材料的光吸收性能,提高电子-空穴对分离和提高回收率。基于TiO2/MOFs制备时前驱体添加顺序不同,综述了TiO2/MOFs的三种制备方法(即Ship-in-a-bottle法、Bottle-around-ship法、One-pot法)及TiO2/MOFs光催化机理与性能影响因素,并探讨不同MOFs与TiO2结合的作用机理。最后,对TiO2/MOFs存在的问题提出建议。 相似文献
5.
Lindsey Yue Alicia Bayon Wojciech Lipiński 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(8):e17267
The effects of particle size and carbon dioxide concentration on chemical conversion in engineered spherical particles undergoing calcium oxide looping are investigated. Particles are thermochemically cycled in a furnace under different carbon dioxide concentrations. Changes in composition due to chemical reactions are measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Gas composition at the furnace exit is evaluated with mass spectroscopy. A numerical model of thermal transport phenomena developed previously is adapted to match the physical system investigated in the present study. The model is used to elucidate effects of reacting medium characteristics on particle temperature and reaction extent. Experimental and numerical results show that (1) an increase in particle size results in a decrease in carbonation extent, and (2) the carbonation step consists of fast and slow reaction regimes. The reaction rates in the fast and slow carbonation regimes increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The effect of carbon dioxide concentration and the distinction between the fast and slow regimes become more pronounced with increasing particle size. 相似文献
6.
为研究临界CO2辅助聚乳酸(PLA)注射成型发泡过程中,温度和剪切速率对CO2扩散行为影响。应用分子动力学模拟方法,以PLA和CO2为研究对象,基于周期性边界条件和SA算法,引入CAMPASS力场,构建PLA/CO2扩散模型,对模型进行能量最小化处理。从温度和剪切速率两个方面研究在注射成型发泡过程中PLA主链活跃性、体系能量响应、均方回转半径对CO2分子在PLA中扩散行为的影响。结果表明,CO2扩散系数在不受剪切力作用时,随着温度升高而增大,温度达到388 K时,CO2扩散系数达到0.219 8×10-5 cm2/s;受剪切力作用时,随着剪切速率增大而增大;温度为378 K,剪切速率为1 ps-1时,扩散系数达到17.743 6×10-5 cm2/s;PLA分子链所处环境温度不断提高,分子链能量升高,活跃性提高,CO2分子扩散路径增多,从而提高CO2扩散速率;分子链所受剪切力不断增大,分子链能量升高,活跃性提高,单个分子链从缠结网络中剥离出来,沿剪切力方向形成流动取向,从而提高CO2扩散速率。 相似文献
7.
8.
Colleen Varaidzo Manyumwa
zlem Tastan Bishop 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been identified as ideal catalysts for CO2 sequestration. Here, we report the sequence and structural analyses as well as the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of four γ-CAs from thermophilic bacteria. Three of these, Persephonella marina, Persephonella hydrogeniphila, and Thermosulfidibacter takaii originate from hydrothermal vents and one, Thermus thermophilus HB8, from hot springs. Protein sequences were retrieved and aligned with previously characterized γ-CAs, revealing differences in the catalytic pocket residues. Further analysis of the structures following homology modeling revealed a hydrophobic patch in the catalytic pocket, presumed important for CO2 binding. Monitoring of proton shuttling residue His69 (P. marina γ-CA numbering) during MD simulations of P. hydrogeniphila and P. marina’s γ-CAs (γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA), showed a different behavior to that observed in the γ-CA of Escherichia coli, which periodically coordinates Zn2+. This work also involved the search for hotspot residues that contribute to interface stability. Some of these residues were further identified as key in protein communication via betweenness centrality metric of dynamic residue network analysis. T. takaii’s γ-CA showed marginally lower thermostability compared to the other three γ-CA proteins with an increase in conformations visited at high temperatures being observed. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed important interactions, some unique and others common in all γ-CAs, which contribute to interface formation and thermostability. The seemingly thermostable γ-CA from T. thermophilus strangely showed increased unsynchronized residue motions at 423 K. γ-PhCA and γ-PmCA were, however, preliminarily considered suitable as prospective thermostable CO2 sequestration agents. 相似文献
9.
Gabriel Falzone Iman Mehdipour Narayanan Neithalath Mathieu Bauchy Dante Simonetti Gaurav Sant 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(5):e17160
Portlandite (Ca(OH)2; also known as calcium hydroxide or hydrated lime), an archetypal alkaline solid, interacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) via a classic acid–base “carbonation” reaction to produce a salt (calcium carbonate: CaCO3) that functions as a low-carbon cementation agent, and water. Herein, we revisit the effects of reaction temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentration on the carbonation of portlandite in the form of finely divided particulates and compacted monoliths. Special focus is paid to uncover the influences of the moisture state (i.e., the presence of adsorbed and/or liquid water), moisture content and the surface area-to-volume ratio (sa/v, mm−1) of reactants on the extent of carbonation. In general, increasing RH more significantly impacts the rate and thermodynamics of carbonation reactions, leading to high(er) conversion regardless of prior exposure history. This mitigated the effects (if any) of allegedly denser, less porous carbonate surface layers formed at lower RH. In monolithic compacts, microstructural (i.e., mass-transfer) constraints particularly hindered the progress of carbonation due to pore blocking by liquid water in compacts with limited surface area to volume ratios. These mechanistic insights into portlandite's carbonation inform processing routes for the production of cementation agents that seek to utilize CO2 borne in dilute (≤30 mol%) post-combustion flue gas streams. 相似文献
10.
Roberta Bastos Vasques Marjory Moreira Levy Matheus Souza Rodrigues Francisco Wagner de Queiroz Almeida Neto Leonardo Paes da Silva Gustavo Leitão Vaz Álvaro Augusto Oliveira Magalhães Pedro de Lima-Neto Walney Silva Araújo 《工业材料与腐蚀》2021,72(8):1417-1432
Phosphate ester was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in carbon dioxide-saturated chloride solutions at different temperatures and pressures. The corrosion tests were realized by electrochemical techniques, weight loss measurements, bubble tests, and a high-pressure/high-temperature autoclave system. The corrosion tests demonstrated that the investigated molecule is an excellent corrosion inhibitor. The inhibiting effect is even bigger at high pressure and temperature than at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and determined to obey the Langmuir isotherm. Polarization studies revealed that the evaluated inhibitor is a mixed type. 相似文献