加压酸浸法从烟化炉冰铜中浸出铜和镍的试验研究

烟化炉冰铜主要是采用烟化炉处理低品位铜、锡、镍、锌等物料时产生的中间产物，主要含铜、镍、铁、硫等元素，从中浸出铜和镍具有重要价值。采用加压酸浸法从烟化炉冰铜中浸出铜和镍，试验研究了时间、温度、氧分压、液固比、粒度等因素对铜、镍、铁浸出率的影响。试验结果表明：烟化炉冰铜粒度球磨至小于75μm、温度433K、时间3h、氧分压为0.6MPa、液固比4/1mL/g、木质素磺酸钠用量为2‰的优化条件下，铜、镍、铁浸出率分别平均为98.18%、98.42%和26.46%。     

Effect of CaO on the liquid/spinel/matte/gas equilibria in the Si–Fe–O–Cu–S system at controlled P(SO2) 0.3 and 0.6 atm

Herein the phase equilibria in the Si–Fe–Ca–O–S–Cu system in equilibrium with matte at controlled P(SO₂) of 0.3 and 0.6 atm and fixed matte grade of 72 wt % Cu were experimentally investigated in the spinel primary phase field. The high-temperature equilibrations were realized in spinel substrate and the sample after quenching were characterized using Electron Probe Micro-analysis (EPMA). The effect of CaO on the liquidus temperature of slags was quantified with varying CaO content from 0 to 6 wt %. It was found that, the presence of CaO increased the liquidus temperature of slags and moreover, the increment effect got enhanced with increasing CaO content in the present range. The influence of P(SO₂) was further clarified and it was found that, the equilibrium SiO₂ content in the liquid phase, at the same temperature, remarkably increased with increasing P(SO₂). The present study will not only deepen the understanding of the equilibration in the present liquid/spinel/matte/gas system, but also provide useful guidance for the industrial operations.     

铜精矿富氧熔炼过程中金银分配的规律

铜精矿富氧熔炼，操作过程系模拟诺兰达炉操作条件。在熔炼温度１２５０℃、富氧浓度３８％，研究了金、银在渣相和冰铜相中的分布规律。对冶炼冰铜品位在６０％以上的实验结果，引用悬浮修正模型计算值，结果与实验测试结果符合。高氧化度的渣进一步采用电炉贫化处理，研究金、银的走向．从实验结果可以得出金、银回收率与铜回收率有如下关系：ｎＡｕ＝０．８４ｎＣｕ＋０．１６ｎＡｇ＝１．０２ｎＣｕ－０．０２     

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting−acid leaching process

A calcified roasting−acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H₂SO₄ concentration and liquid−solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe₂O₃ during the roasting process. The metal oxides (CuO and Ni_xCu_1−xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.     

还原气氛下渣-锍两相平衡反应

通过考察还原气氛下熔渣与锍相之间的平衡情况,研究了渣-锍两相反应的影响因素及机理,探讨了还原产物的分配规律。结果表明,熔渣碱度提高有利于锍相还原反应的进行,添加CaS抑制锍相的还原。由于锍相成分及密度不同出现分层现象,造成锍相在熔渣中的夹杂损失。CaS与金属铁具有互斥性,当熔渣中CaS质量分数超过0.9%之后,渣相中几乎没有金属铁的存在;在选取的实验条件下,CaS在渣、锍两相的平衡分配比维持在0.5左右。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冰铜中钴

在体积分数为5%的盐酸介质中,使用空气-乙炔火焰,以240.7nm为测定波长,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定冰铜中钴的方法。溶样试验表明,采用 20mL王水、1mL氢氟酸和2mL高氯酸溶样后加入10mL盐酸(1+1)溶解盐类,大多数情况下可将试样溶解完全;如果试样溶解不完全,需要补加5mL硝酸,继续加热至棕红色烟雾消失,再加入2mL高氯酸加热至白烟冒尽可将试样溶解完全。在选定的仪器条件下,钴的质量浓度与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.0075μg/mL。干扰试验表明,试样中的共存元素不干扰钴的测定。将实验方法应用于4个冰铜样品中钴的测定,对测定结果进行格拉布斯(Grubbs)检验,结果表明11次平行测定的结果无异常值,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在1.7%~8.5%之间。采用实验方法对2个不同钴含量阶梯的冰铜试样进行测定,测得结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)基本一致,加标回收率在90%~105%之间。分别在6家实验室采用实验方法进行冰铜试样的测定,方法的重复性限为r=0.0006+0.0429m;再现性限为R=0.0046+0.0647m。     

富氧侧吹熔池熔炼铜镍矿

介绍了富氧侧吹熔池熔炼工艺的特点,富氧侧吹炉的结构及生产实践.实践表明,富氧侧吹熔池熔炼铜镍矿具有流程短、能耗低、环境好等特点.     

锑鼓风炉产锑锍、粗锑直接吹炼工艺研究与应用

文章介绍了一种锑鼓风炉产锑锍、粗锑挥吹炉直接吹炼工艺,生产实践表明,该工艺提高了锑鼓风炉三氧化二锑的总产出率,同时生产含贵金属粗锑.是种低碳经济的炼锑方法.     

高冰镍浮选中腐殖酸盐的抑制行为和机理

较详细地研究了腐殖酸钠和腐殖钙等腐殖酸盐及氯化钙对高冰镍中六方硫矿和辉铜矿可浮性的影响。探讨了在碱性介质中腐殖酸盐对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的抑制机理。研究结果表明，在碱性介质中，腐殖酸盐酸抑制剂冰镍中的Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿，特别腐殖酸钙是一种Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的有效抑制剂，它既具有Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２等含钙物质，又具有腐殖酸奶对Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的双重抑制特性，能改善药剂与矿作用的选择，强化Ｎｉ３Ｓ２矿的抑制。