Simply constructed highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles in diverse N-doped graphitic carbon with remarkable performances for water electrolysis

Metal/carbon composite materials are highly promising electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. In this work, three composites of metal cobalt nanoparticles highly dispersed in N-doped carbon materials were facilely constructed by pyrolysis of different phenylenediamine based Schiff base-Co complexes (PDBs). Interestingly, the composites derived from PDBs based on different phenylenediamine exhibited different morphologies. The superior case is that rodlike composite catalyst was derived from o-phenylenediamine based PDBs. The obtained catalyst exhibited remarkable performances for both cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as overall water electrolysis. Only 172 and 289 mV of overpotentials and 1.57 V of cell voltage were exhibited at 10 mA cm^?2 for HER, OER and water splitting in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. The catalyst also displayed robust stability and high Faraday efficiency, and thus are potential high-performance catalyst for commercial water electrolysis.     

Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi₂, Cenosphere, nano-SiO₂, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.     

Migration and distribution of saline ions in bauxite residue during water leaching

Bauxite residue, a highly saline solid waste produced from digestion of bauxite for alumina production, is hazardous to the environment and restricts vegetation establishment in bauxite residue disposal areas. A novel water leaching process proposed here was used to investigate the dynamic migration and vertical distribution of saline ions in bauxite residue. The results show that water leaching significantly reduced the salinity of bauxite residue, leaching both saline cations Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and anions CO^2?₃, SO^2?₄, HCO^?₃. Na⁺ and K⁺ migrated from 40–50 to 20–30 cm of the column, presenting a high migration capacity. The migration capacity of Ca²⁺ was lower and accumulated at 30–40 cm of the column. CO^2?₃ initially distributed at 20–30 cm of the column, subsequently transported to 30–40 cm of the column, and finally returned to 20–30 cm of the column along with evaporation. SO^2?₄ was originally distributed at 40–50 cm, but finally migrated to 20–30 cm of the column. Nevertheless, HCO^?₃ remained at the bottom of the column, and its migratory was less affected by evaporation.     

Elastic modulus of nanocrystalline cemented carbide

The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC–Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速测定糙米中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

目的建立气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)测定糙米中氟虫腈及其代谢产物氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜、氟虫腈硫醚残留的的分析方法。方法糙米加水涡旋混匀后乙腈提取,通过N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)、C_(18)粉末、石墨化炭黑(graphitized carbon black,GCB)粉末净化提取液,气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱多重反应离子监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)检测,以外标法定量。结果在1～50μg/L范围下,氟虫腈及其代谢物具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,在2、10、20μg/kg 3个添加水平下,氟虫腈及其代谢物的平均回收率为91.6%～109.9%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为4.3%～6.3%。氟虫腈及其代谢物在糙米中的定量限为0.2～0.5μg/kg,定量限添加回收率在85.0%～108.0%,RSD为5.9%～6.9%。结论该方法操作简单快速、试剂耗材消耗少、灵敏度高,适用于快速处理大批量糙米中氟虫腈及其代谢产物的残留量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中克霉唑的残留量

目的建立QuEChERS提取和净化、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultraperformanceliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉等畜禽肉和猪肝、猪肾、羊肝、鸡心等畜禽内脏中克霉唑残留的分析方法。方法样品经正己烷饱和的乙腈提取,提取液经乙腈饱和的正己烷液液分配除脂,并经含PSA和C18粉末的净化管进一步净化。采用0.1%甲酸和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测模式(multiplereactionmonitoring,MRM)测定,同位素内标法定量。结果本方法在7 min内完成分离分析,方法在0.2～20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.9999。在0.2、2.0和20μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为78.5%～111.9%,相对标准偏差小于11.1%,方法定量限为0.2μg/kg。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适合动物源食品中克霉唑残留量的测定。     

湿法炼锌酸浸渣常规干燥实验研究

本文以湿法炼锌酸性浸出渣为研究对象,实验研究干燥温度、物料量、干燥时间对酸浸渣相对脱水率的影响,综合考虑干燥工艺的时效性、经济效益以及工艺效率,控制物料量为50g、干燥温度为90℃、干燥时间为80min时,酸浸渣相对脱水率可达到98.32%。实验研究对促进酸浸渣中有价金属的资源综合利用、改善环境等具有重要的指导意义。     

Validation and quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in rice whole grain and rice straw using LC-MS/MS

An efficient analytical method was developed and validated using a modified QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS for the detection and quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in rice whole grain and rice straw. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction. Validation based on five fortification levels showed good recoveries of neonicotinoids ranging from 75% to 116 % and 60% to 105 % for rice whole grain and straw, respectively. The precision ranged between 3% and 17 %, and 2% and 10 % for grain and straw, respectively. The limit of detection was from 0.007 to 0.0084 mg kg^?1 and 0.005 to 0.15 mg kg^?1 and the limit of quantification was in the range of 0.024–0.028 mg kg^?1 and 0.016–0.051 mg kg^?1 for rice whole grain and rice straw, respectively. Monitoring of farm gate samples indicated that, out of 24 samples, 1 rice whole grain sample was contaminated with thiamethoxam residues (0.07 mg kg^?1).