离子型稀土矿山淋洗及尾水富集试验研究

对浸矿后离子型稀土原地浸矿场采用清水进行淋洗，在184天的清水淋洗过程中，尾水氨氮值从最开始的507mg/L，降低至140mg/L，淋洗尾水pH4.52~3.10。淋洗尾水采用两级反渗透膜分离，既回收有价资源稀土，又能使出水氨氮达标。结果表明，产水氨氮浓度稳定低于15mg/L，对稀土的截留率高于98.25%，浓水中稀土离子平均浓度313.4mg/L，可进一步回收稀土资源。     

Numerical approach to analyze fluid flow in a type C tank for liquefied hydrogen carrier (part 1: Sloshing flow)

The demand for clean energy use has been increasing worldwide, and hydrogen has attracted attention as an alternative energy source. The efficient transport of hydrogen must be established such that hydrogen may be used as an energy source. In this study, we considered the influences of various parameters in the transportation of liquefied hydrogen using type C tanks in shipping vessels. The sloshing and thermal flows were considered in the transportation of liquefied hydrogen, which exists as a cryogenic liquid at ?253 °C. In this study, the sloshing flow was analyzed using a numerical approach. A multiphase sloshing simulation was performed using the volume of fluid method for the observation and analysis of the internal flow. First, a sloshing experiment according to the gas-liquid density ratio performed by other researchers was utilized to verify the simulation technique and investigate the characteristics of liquefied hydrogen. Based on the results of this experiment, a sloshing simulation was then performed for a type C cargo tank for liquefied hydrogen carriers under three different filling level conditions. The sloshing impact pressure inside of the tank was measured via simulation and subjected to statistical analysis. In addition, the influence of sloshing flow on the appendages installed inside of the type C tank (stiffened ring and swash bulkhead) was quantitatively evaluated. In particular, the influence of the sloshing flow inside of the type C tank on the appendages can be utilized as an important indicator at the design stage. Furthermore, if such sloshing impact forces are repeatedly experienced over an extended period of time under cryogenic conditions, the behavior of the tank and appendages must be analyzed in terms of fatigue and brittle failure to ensure the safety of the transportation operation.     

机械活化对粉煤灰提铝影响研究

为提高粉煤灰中铝提取率, 采用机械活化对粉煤灰进行预处理, 探讨了机械活化对粉煤灰焙烧-酸浸效果的影响。结果表明: 机械活化能提高粉煤灰比表面积、增加反应活性点, 促进活化反应的进行; 通过机械活化, 在Na₂CO₃与Al₂O₃物质的量比1.6、850 ℃下焙烧50 min后酸浸, 铝浸出率达到91.58%。     

水酶法加工花生过程中酸浸工艺的研究

花生是一种重要的植物油脂和蛋白资源,水酶法处理花生能够同时得到油脂和具有特定功能的水解蛋白。为提高花生水解蛋白的纯度,在酶解前设计了酸浸过程,以除去花生体系中的可溶性糖和盐类等杂质。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化酸浸工艺条件。结果表明,料液比和温度对蛋白质损失率及可溶性糖脱除率都有极显著或显著影响。酸浸工艺的最佳条件为料液比1∶6,处理时间30 min,pH 5,温度50℃。在最佳条件下,可溶性糖脱除率为(83. 11±0. 33)%,蛋白质损失率为(6. 19±0. 13)%。酸浸处理花生后可显著减少花生蛋白中糖的含量,但同时也伴有少量蛋白质损失。     

分光光度法和光度滴定法联合测定湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中锌钴镍

湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中含有高浓度的Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺,用分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺时,Fe²⁺-EDTA会严重干扰Co²⁺和Ni²⁺的测定;在用光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺和Co²⁺合量时,Ni²⁺对二甲酚橙指示剂具有封闭作用,Mn²⁺亦与EDTA螯合,导致滴定结果偏高。为消除Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定的干扰,实验进行氧化分离Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺预处理,在NaAc/Hac缓冲体系下,以EDTA作显色剂用分光光度法测定Co²⁺、Ni²⁺。在波长466nm处,Co²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9992;在384nm处,Ni²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9998。根据分光光度法测出Ni²⁺物质的量,加入1.1倍的丁二酮肟以除去Ni²⁺,用二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA鳌合-光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,扣减Co²⁺含量得出Zn²⁺含量。选取4个锌湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液实际样品,按照实验方法中的分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺,光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于0.70%,加标回收率分别为99.59%~100.41%、99.69%~100.64%、99.92%~100.08%。     

铋精矿加压氧化氨浸高效分离铜、硫和铋

针对湖南柿竹园铋精矿火法冶炼过程中存在的成本高、低浓度SO₂和散烟排放污染环境、有价金属综合回收率低等问题, 以柿竹园铋精矿为原料, 提出了加压氧化氨浸分离铋与铜、硫的新工艺, 研究了氨水加入量、浸出温度、浸出时间、浸出压力及浸出液固比等因素对铜、硫、铋浸出率的影响。在氨水用量1.8 mL/g_铋精矿、液固比4∶1、釜压2.8 MPa、浸出温度160 ℃、浸出时间5 h、搅拌速度600 r/min的优化工艺条件下, 铜、硫浸出率分别达93.57%和92.87%, 铋不浸出并以氧化铋形态全部入渣, 实现了铜、硫与铋的高效分离。     

锌冶炼铜烟灰中铟氧化浸出研究

以锌冶炼过程中的铜烟灰为原料,研究了硫酸浸出含铟铜烟灰过程中硫酸浓度、硫酸用量、浸出温度、浸出时间、氧化剂高锰酸钾用量等因素对铟浸出效果的影响。结果表明,当硫酸浓度300 g/L、液固比6 mL/g、反应温度90 ℃、反应时间5 h、高锰酸钾添加量0.3%时,铜烟灰中铟浸出率为65.73%。     

破碎方式对白鲢鱼糜凝胶结构的影响

与斩拌方式对比,研究搅拌方式对鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,搅拌破碎使白鲢鱼糜的凝胶强度及持水力增加,提高了硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性,但是对白度无明显影响。在2%和3%盐添加量的条件下,搅拌破碎对鱼糜制品的质构改善效果显著,凝胶强度分别提高了70.2%,66.7%。根据鱼糜的盐溶蛋白、肌动球蛋白的活性巯基含量、化学作用力和浊度结果可知,搅拌破碎可以增加活性巯基含量,使得更多的巯基氧化成二硫键,提高疏水相互作用,促进蛋白分子间的聚集,浊度增加,三维凝胶网络结构更致密。