油页岩干酪根热解产物特性研究

采用裂解色谱（PY-GC-MS）、电子顺磁共振波谱（EPR）和红外光谱（FTIR）等技术手段，分析了Estonia油页岩中干酪根及其热解产物的结构特性，研究了不同温度下中间产物与最终产物的关联性。结果显示：油页岩热解符合干酪根热解为中间产物热沥青，热沥青再热解为页岩油、干馏气和半焦等产物反应路径，中间产物热沥青的生成趋势反映了终产物的生成速率变化；H₂、CH₄和C₂~C₅组分主要来自热沥青中脂肪烃的芳构化、芳香族化合物烷基侧链的断裂及含氧化合物的缩聚等，干酪根热解产生的烷烃和烯烃类化合物是产油气的主要组分。干酪根和页岩油的自由基自旋浓度明显低于热沥青和半焦；半焦g值最大，干酪根次之，热沥青和页岩油的g值偏低。     

Influence of Al3+ doping for V5+ on the structural,optical, thermal and electrical properties of V2-xAlxO5-δ (x=0–0.20) ceramics

This paper reports an investigation on the structure-properties correlation of trivalent metal oxide (Al₂O₃)-doped V₂O₅ ceramics synthesized by the melt-quench technique. XRD patterns confirmed a single orthorhombic V₂O₅ phase formation with increasing strain on the doping of Al₂O₃ in place of V₂O₅ in the samples estimated by Williamson-Hall analysis. FTIR and Raman investigations revealed a structural change as [VO₅] polyhedra converts into [VO₄] polyhedra on the doping of Al₂O₃ into V₂O₅. The optical band gap was found in a wide semiconductor range as confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The thermal and conductivity behavior of the prepared samples were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and impedance analyzer, respectively. All the prepared ceramics exhibit good DC conductivity (0.22–0.36 Sm^-1) at 400 ?C. These materials can be considered for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC)/battery applications due to their good conductivity and good thermal stability.     

波形驱动下多参数约束高分辨率反演方法——以四川盆地渝西地区龙马溪组页岩气为例

基于叠后地震波形指示反演在薄储层预测方面的优势，以及叠前弹性参数较叠后弹性参数信息更丰富、对储层的敏感性更高的特点，根据岩石物理资料，应用地震驱动+储层构型约束的高精度叠前随机反演方法，探寻定量表征优质薄页岩的技术，以期为深层页岩气地质甜点预测提供技术支撑。首先，基于道集波形相似性、AVO特征和空间距离的三变量优选方法提取结构相似的井数据作为空间估值样本，然后建立待判别道集初始模型；其次，以统计的弹性阻抗作为先验信息，应用“基于叠前道集特征指示的马尔科夫链-蒙特卡洛随机模拟算法”进行叠前地震波形指示反演，最终得到高精度的叠前弹性参数反演成果。实际应用表明，应用所提方法有效预测了龙一段一亚段1-2小层优质页岩厚度，基于特征参数的井震高频模拟精确模拟了龙一段一亚段1-2小层地质甜点参数，为页岩气勘探提供了技术支撑。     

川东南丁山地区燕山期—喜马拉雅期差异构造-热演化与页岩气保存

中国的海相富有机质页岩经历了多期构造改造，其含气性具有明显的差异。页岩气在不同构造演化阶段的保存条件是揭示页岩气差异富集机理的关键科学问题之一，开展构造-热演化研究可以明确其热演化史和构造隆升-剥蚀过程，为其评价提供演化格架。研究以丁山地区下古生界页岩为对象，联合磷灰石裂变径迹、磷灰石（U-Th）/He和锆石（U-Th）/He等多个古温标反演热演化史，结合镜质体反射率重建的最高古地温剖面，对丁山地区燕山期以来的差异构造隆升过程和剥蚀量进行了恢复，并在此基础上结合流体包裹体分析对丁山地区龙马溪组页岩的压力演化过程进行了模拟；根据页岩在埋藏—抬升过程中的温、压演化特征，定量表征了不同抬升阶段页岩含气量的变化，建立了龙马溪组页岩"埋藏—生烃—抬升"的演化格架。分析表明，丁山地区在燕山期和喜马拉雅期经历了不同的构造隆升过程。燕山期表现为"早期快速隆升—晚期缓慢隆升"的分段隆升，具有自NW向SE递进隆升且隆升幅度逐渐增大的特征；喜马拉雅期表现为整体快速隆升。燕山期是丁山地区产生差异构造隆升的主要时期。受这种差异构造隆升-剥蚀作用的影响，龙马溪组页岩的降温、降压过程和页岩气的散失过程具有明显的差异。燕山期的差异构造隆升是造成丁山地区龙马溪组页岩含气性呈平面分带的主要原因。     

页岩气开采对环境的影响分析及对策建议

我国页岩气资源非常丰富,但勘探开发难度巨大。分析了页岩气资源大规模开发对水资源、大气环境、地质环境及周边环境产生的影响。提出了需要健全的页岩气开发的环境监管法规规范,只有制定好产业政策,加强对技术和开采原料的研究等,才能促进页岩气产业健康、快速发展,更好地服务于中国和谐社会的建设与发展。     

Prediction of methane adsorption content in continental coal-bearing shale reservoir using SLD model

Shale gas, as an important unconventional resource, has drawn global attention. It is mainly composed of adsorption gas and free gas. Adsorption gas content could play an important guiding role on both the selection of favorable perspective area and the exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources. In order to accurately measure adsorption gas content, a new approach was established to predict the adsorption isotherm of methane on shale. Based on the simplified local-density (SLD) method, both the adsorption isotherms of illite, illite/smectite mixed-layer, cholorite and type III kerogen and the total shale rock could be well fitted. The fitting results show good coincidences with the true experimental test data, which proves the method is reasonable and dependable and the prediction results are effective and credible. In addition, the good simulation results show that the SLD parameters can reflect the pore structure characteristics and corresponding adsorption characteristics of the shale samples, which can be used for the quantitative characterization of shale pore system.     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理

综合利用岩心、测井、烃源岩热解、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜与高压压汞等分析测试的结果，对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理进行了研究。结果表明：吉木萨尔凹陷咸化湖盆型沉积地层富含有机质，是烃源岩层也是储层，页岩油藏具有“源储一体”的地质特征，存在粉砂岩类与泥岩类和白云岩类与泥岩类两类岩性组合类型。芦草沟组大面积整体含油、“甜点”富集且原油成熟度较低。页岩油赋存岩石的润湿性为亲油性，生烃增压是页岩油运聚的主要动力。微纳米孔喉、层理缝与构造裂缝形成页岩油的有利储集空间与渗流通道。页岩油整体为源内或近源聚集，并以游离态和吸附态赋存于芦草沟组“甜点”段与泥页岩层段中。     

The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter

The reduction of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter (CVTMS) by CO was investigated at 1123–1223?K. The reduction degree increased with increasing temperature. The isothermal reduction kinetics of CVTMS was analysed, according to Sharp analysis and ln–ln analysis, the kinetic mechanism of reduction process for all samples in different basicity can be represented as f(α)?=?1.61(1?α)[?ln(1?α)]^1–1/1.61. The reaction activation energy of all samples (R?=?1.9, 2.1, 2.3, obtained according to the components of the materials burdening used in sintering process) at different reaction degrees were calculated by the model-free method. And the pre-exponential factors of reaction also were calculated by the mathematical method. The rate controlling step for the reduction process under the present reduction condition was chemical reaction.     

利用地震品质因子Q比例的分布特征预测南川页岩气藏保存条件

根据地震数据、地质资料和地震属性，开展了南川地区五峰组-龙马溪组下部页岩的地震品质因子Q平面上分布与页岩气保存条件评价研究。针对南川地区页岩气开发中的断裂破碎带，提出了一种获取稳定品质因子Q比例及界限的工作流程和相应的迭代算法。研究表明，地震品质因子Q比例的分布可以快速、直观识别出断裂破碎带的内幕特征与不同类型页岩分布区。其中，断裂破碎带页岩区的品质因子Q比例总体上偏小，大多低于0.2，局部超过0.5，平面上分布杂乱、碎斑状；页岩呈北东向展布的条带，被断裂所撕裂、破碎，保存条件较差。稳定分布的页岩区的品质因子Q比例是较高的，超过0.7，平面变化稳定，没有突变现象，保存条件好。微裂缝发育的页岩区的品质因子Q比例具有渐变的趋势性，品质因子Q比例的分布从该页岩区的边部0.7向中部有规律地减小至0.1，保存条件最佳。实践证明，高产气井大多位于稳定分布的页岩区或内部微裂隙发育的稳定页岩区，地震品质因子Q比例研究方法对页岩气保存评价与开发井优化部署是一个实用工具。