电子废弃物回收镓技术的研究进展

含镓电子废弃物通常可分为废弃电子产品及其生产过程中产生的含镓废料两类，由于伴生重金属、易燃有机物等有害物质而具有环境和资源的双重属性，其资源循环近年来受到广泛关注。镓在电子废弃物中主要以化合物形式赋存，具有伴生元素多、物理化学性质稳定等特征。本工作系统梳理了含镓电子废弃物回收处理现状，总结了湿法冶金、火法冶金及生物冶金等技术在回收不同种类的含镓电子废弃物的应用，并通过对比不同物理化学属性的含镓物料使用回收技术以及分离、净化方式的不同，指出了目前现存的回收含镓电子废料的技术问题及未来的发展方向。     

Comparative study of microwave absorption properties of Ni–Zn ferrites obtained from different synthesis technologies

Spinel ferrites are widely used for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption applications. In this study, spinel Ni–Zn ferrites with excellent microwave absorption properties were synthesized. Their EMW absorption characteristics and interaction mechanisms were studied to lay the foundation for the study of the role of Ni–Zn ferrite as a magnetic substrate for composites. Herein, Ni_0·5Zn_0·5Fe₂O₄ was prepared by the hydrothermal method (H-NZFO) and the sol–gel auto-combustion method (S-NZFO); both samples exhibited distinct microwave absorption properties. The S-NZFO absorber (thickness = 3.72 mm) demonstrated the best dual-zone microwave absorption with two strong reflection loss peaks at 5.1 and 10.5 GHz. The corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 9.0 GHz, which covered part of the S-band and all of the C- and X-bands. These results were attributed to the high saturation magnetization, outstanding complex permeability, and multiple magnetic loss channels of S-NZFO. The H-NZFO sample exhibited excellent absorption capability and matching thickness. At a thickness as low as 1.71 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of the H-NZFO absorber reached -60.2 dB at 13.1 GHz. The maximum bandwidth corresponding to RL below -10 dB was 4.6 GHz. These results can be attributed to small particle size, high complex permittivity, and multiple dielectric loss channels of H-NZFO. The observed wide effective absorption bandwidth of S-NZFO and strong microwave absorption capability of H-NZFO suggest the potential of both materials as substrates for efficient microwave absorbers in military as well as civilian absorption applications.     

Recycling spent lead acid batteries into aqueous zinc-ion battery material with ultra-flat voltage platforms

The harmless disposal of lead paste in the spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) remains an enormous challenge in traditional pyrometallurgical recycling. Here, we introduced a hydrometallurgical method for the recycling of the spent LABs’ waste to obtain the β-PbO as a novel zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) active material. The obtained β-PbO exhibits ultra-flat charge/discharge voltage platforms (0.21 mV/(mAh g^?1)) and stable specific capacity. During the charge/discharge, the β-PbO spontaneously triggers the formation of (ZnSO₄)[Zn(OH)₂]₃·5H₂O (ZHS) micro-sheets as a surface passivation layer. Moreover, the ex-situ X-ray spectra reveal that the reversible phase transformation occurs between PbSO₄ and Pb with the assistance of ZHS by adjusting the PH value on the electrode-electrolyte interface. The synergistic two-phase-reaction mechanism generates ultra-flat voltage platforms upon the charge/discharge. This “energy-saving and environment-friendly” recycling route eliminates the major source of emission of pollution particulates/gases compared to the traditional pyrometallurgical recycling, while at the same time replacing energy-consuming and environmentally detrimental processes of synthesis of current ZIBs cathodes.     

臭氧氧化技术在有色金属湿法冶金中的应用研究进展

臭氧是一种氧化性极强、多功能化的绿色氧化剂。本文综述了臭氧氧化技术在有色金属湿法冶金领域的研究进展和应用现状,重点介绍了在贵金属、重金属、稀有金属及轻金属等有色金属湿法冶金领域的应用研究。详细探讨了臭氧的强氧化性对低品位金属矿和难冶金属矿浸出、溶液中低价态金属离子氧化沉淀、溶液净化除杂等方面的作用机理,并对目前面临的问题进行简要叙述,对其在有色金属湿法冶金领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

滇南兰坪南厂铅锌矿矿床成因及成矿作用

南厂铅锌矿位于兰坪—思茅中生代坳陷北端，构造格局复杂，成矿条件优越。通过对矿床进行野外地质调查，对成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、成矿机制和矿床成因进行了分析，发现南厂铅锌矿体主要呈透镜状赋存于第三系云龙组（Eyb）及下白垩统景星组（K1j1）地层中，与围岩接触部位发育微弱褪色蚀变，云龙组下段（Eya）是矿体底板有效的“屏蔽层”；区内发育原生砂岩型矿石、灰岩型矿石和氧化矿石，沉积构造特征明显，局部具有热液、变质作用改造特征；矿区地层、构造是矿床形成的重要因素，断裂构造是主要的容矿、导矿构造，高盐度热卤水沿导矿构造循环至有利层位、构造部位富集成矿，综合分析认为南厂矿床属热卤水为主的多成因层控型铅锌矿床。     

超声波强化低品位氧化锌矿在NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中的浸出

研究了低品位氧化锌矿在NH_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O体系中的浸出,并利用超声波进行了浸出过程的强化。结果表明,超声波能够强化低品位氧化锌矿在氨性浸出剂中的浸出。在总氨浓度为7.5mol/L,n[NH_4~+]∶n[NH_3]为2∶1,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为60 min,超声波浸出,液固比为5∶1的条件下,锌的浸出率可以达到92.1%。当NH3与(NH4)2SO4的摩尔比为1∶1时,此低品位氧化锌矿在浸出Zn2+所形成的配位化合物为[Zn(NH_3)_4]~(2+)。适当增加氨浓度及反应温度可有效提高锌的浸出率。     

Tunable Spectrum Selectivity for Multiphoton Absorption with Enhanced Visible Light Trapping in ZnO Nanorods

Observation of visible light trapping in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) correlated to the optical and photoelectrochemical properties is reported. In this study, ZnO NR diameter and c‐axis length respond primarily at two different regions, UV and visible light, respectively. ZnO NR diameter exhibits UV absorption where large ZnO NR diameter area increases light absorption ability leading to high efficient electron–hole pair separation. On the other hand, ZnO NR c‐axis length has a dominant effect in visible light resulting from a multiphoton absorption mechanism due to light reflection and trapping behavior in the free space between adjacent ZnO NRs. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies and defects in ZnO NRs are associated with the broad visible emission band of different energy levels also highlighting the possibility of the multiphoton absorption mechanism. It is demonstrated that the minimum average of ZnO NR c‐axis length must satisfy the linear regression model of Z _p,min = 6.31d to initiate the multiphoton absorption mechanism under visible light. This work indicates the broadening of absorption spectrum from UV to visible light region by incorporating a controllable diameter and c‐axis length on vertically aligned ZnO NRs, which is important in optimizing the design and functionality of electronic devices based on light absorption mechanism.     

湿法炼锌酸浸渣常规干燥实验研究

本文以湿法炼锌酸性浸出渣为研究对象,实验研究干燥温度、物料量、干燥时间对酸浸渣相对脱水率的影响,综合考虑干燥工艺的时效性、经济效益以及工艺效率,控制物料量为50g、干燥温度为90℃、干燥时间为80min时,酸浸渣相对脱水率可达到98.32%。实验研究对促进酸浸渣中有价金属的资源综合利用、改善环境等具有重要的指导意义。     

镓锗铜萃余液综合利用研究与应用

本文针对镓锗铜综合回收系统产出的萃余液,设计通过中和氧化除杂、锌粉置换除铜镉、有机试剂除钴镍、纯碱法生产碱式碳酸锌、高温煅烧生产活性氧化锌和一步法生产元明粉的生产工艺流程,有效的将镓锗铜萃余液分类分离富集,产出具有价值的富集渣和工业产品,进一步提升综合回收经济效益。