光电稳定平台伺服系统动力学建模与参数辨识

针对光电稳定平台伺服系统模型参数辨识问题,提出了线性和非线性模型参数分离辨识方法。在线性模型参数辨识过程中,利用差动逆M序列信号作为输入,相应的响应信号作为输出,并应用最小二乘方法辨识线性离散模型参数,从而降低非线性因素的影响。在非线性模型参数辨识过程中,以LuGre摩擦模型为基础,针对摩擦和不平衡质量相互耦合的问题,提出了考虑不平衡质量的LuGre模型静态参数辨识方法;然后,利用电流信号作为摩擦力测量值,对LuGre模型动态参数进行辨识,得到包含不平衡质量和动态摩擦的系统非线性部分模型参数。构建了单轴光电稳定平台实验系统,利用本文提出的方法对实验系统动力学模型参数进行了辨识。结果表明:质量不平衡力矩的辨识值为0.183N·m,略高于理论值0.18N·m,满足辨识精度要求。实验证实提出的辨识方法可以实现对模型线性与非线性参数的有效辨识。     

精密柔索传动技术研究现状及分析

精密柔索传动是一种通过主、从动轮之间有适当预紧的传动介质来实现的挠性摩擦传动方式,具有布局灵活、高精度、轻量化等特点,在多种灵巧性精密机电装置和伺服机构中得到了广泛的应用。本文归纳了柔索传动技术在精密指向机构、人机交互机器人、跑步机器人、灵巧手和微创手术末端器械等方面的应用进展;总结了亟待解决的基础理论和应用研究相关问题,主要包括传动机理研究、伺服系统的应用研究、针对典型应用需求的工程设计方法研究等;最后,对进一步发展精密柔索传动理论分析与工程设计技术提出了建议。     

动力调谐陀螺再平衡回路技术的发展与研究现状

分别介绍了动力调谐陀螺模拟和数字脉冲再平衡回路的发展与研究现状,分析了两种再平衡回路由于线路引起漂移误差的主要原因,比较了模拟和数字再平衡回路的优缺点.探讨了用DSP直接数字控制实现再平衡回路的方法及这种方法的优缺点,给出了数字控制回路中值得研究的问题.     

精密谐波传动系统建模

针对谐波传动系统的控制方法与性能预测问题,本文考虑影响谐波传动系统性能的主要因素,提出了一种精密谐波传动系统建模方法。建立了整个谐波传动系统的动力学模型和Simlink仿真模型,给出了仿真模型中各参数的获取方法。针对模型中难于准确测得的参数,提出了一种最小二乘辨识方法。对谐波传动系统的仿真模型进行了时频域仿真分析与实验验证,结果表明:建立的谐波传动系统模型各参数具有明确物理意义,便于工程应用;建模时仅利用一次扫频即可得到所有未知参数的估计值,提高了参数获取的效率,降低了成本;仿真模型与实际系统时频域特性基本一致,所有结果匹配度超过70%。得到的结果验证了该建模方法的正确性。     

Robust tracking control for micro machine tools with load uncertainties

The quality of the micro-mechanical machining outcome depends significantly on the tracking performance of the miniaturized linear motor drive precision stage. The tracking behavior of a direct drive design is prone to uncertainties such as model parameter variations and disturbances. Robust optimal tracking controller design for this kind of precision stages with mass and damping ratio uncertainties was researched. The mass and damping ratio uncertainties were modeled as the structured parametric uncertainty model. An identification method for obtaining the parametric uncertainties was developed by using unbiased least square technique. The instantaneous frequency bandwidth of the external disturbance signals was analyzed by using short time Fourier transform technique. A two loop tracking control strategy that combines the μ-synthesis and the disturbance observer (DOB) techniques was proposed. The μ-synthesis technique was used to design robust optimal controllers based on structured uncertainty models. By complementing the μ controller, the DOB was applied to further improving the disturbance rejection performance. To evaluate the positioning performance of the proposed control strategy, the comparative experiments were conducted on a prototype micro milling machine among four control schemes: the proposed two-loop tracking control, the single loop μ control, the PID control and the PID with DOB control. The disturbance rejection performances, the root mean square (RMS) tracking errors and the performance robustness of different control schemes were studied. The results reveal that the proposed control scheme has the best positioning performance. It reduces the maximal errors caused by disturbance forces such as friction force by 60% and the RMS errors by 63.4% compared with the PID control. Compared to PID with DOB control, it reduces the RMS errors by 29.6%.     

光电稳定平台伺服机构低速及稳定性能控制方法研究

由于光电稳定平台伺服机构中不可避免地存在转矩扰动,传统控制方法难以对其补偿达到满意性能,针对此问题,提出一种状态扩展Kalman滤波算法。结合前馈控制提升伺服带宽,实现伺服机构低速平稳性和稳定精度的优化;为验证该算法的有效性,对采用直驱、谐波传动以及摆线针轮行星传动的光电伺服机构开展了多组控制性能实验对比。实验结果表明,相比于传统控制方法,所提控制算法能够更为有效地补偿转矩扰动,显著提升光电伺服机构的低速平稳性及稳定性能。     

机电联合建模在直驱伺服系统设计中的应用

为了缩短直驱伺服系统设计周期,并保证所设计的系统的性能满足设计指标要求,提出了一种直驱伺服系统机电联合建模方法。以典型的直驱伺服系统为例,叙述了该建模方法的实现过程。建立了直驱伺服系统的动力学理论模型和基于Recurdyn和Matlab的机电联合仿真模型,在不同条件下对机电联合仿真模型进行了时域和频域仿真分析,并对仿真结果与系统实际测试结果进行了对比。结果表明：系统开环时域与频域仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,幅频匹配度大于83%,相频匹配度大于73%,时域匹配度大于89%。得到的结果验证了提出方法的有效性和正确性,表明利用该方法可在设计过程中对设计方案进行性能预测,提高设计效率。     

Multi-rate tracking controller analysis and design for target tracking systems

As the sampling rates of the inner loop and the outer loop of the target tracking control system are different, a typical digital multi-rate control system was formed. If the traditional single-rate design method was applied, the low sampling rate loop will seriously impact the dynamical characteristic of the system. After analyzing and calculating the impact law of the low sampling rate loop to the bandwidth and the stability of the tracking system, a kind of multi-rate control system design method was introduced. Corresponding to the different sampling rates of the inner loop and the outer loop, the multi-rate control strategy was constituted by a high sampling rate sub-controller and a low sampling rate sub-controller. The two sub-controllers were designed separately and connected by means of the sampling rate converter. The low sampling rate controller determined the response rapidity of the system, while the high sampling rate controller applied additionally effective control outputs to the system during a sampling interval of the low sampling rate controller. With the introduced high and low sampling rates sub-controllers, the tracking control system can achieve the same performance as a single-rate controller with high sampling rate, yet it works under a much lower sampling rate. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the introduced multi-rate control design method. It reduces the settling time by 5 times and the over shoot by 4 times compared with the PID control.     

动力调谐陀螺再平衡回路数字化的研究与实现

为克服模拟再平衡回路时由控制补偿和温度补偿引起的各种问题,研究了动力调谐陀螺仪再平衡回路的数字化设计和实现方法。采用基于DSP的SVPWM数字化方法设计了频率可调的高精度三相逆变电源,解决了传统陀螺电机电源频率调整困难、相位稳定性低、效率低等问题;基于dSPACE半实物仿真系统设计了双输入双输出频率特性分析仪,辨识出数字再平衡回路的开环离散传递函数矩阵;利用矩阵求逆法与经典控制器设计方法设计了数字解耦合校正环节,使陀螺系统能够获得更好的动态性能。实验结果表明:所设计的陀螺电机电源频率稳定性优于±1.5×10^－6,波形失真度＜5%,满足陀螺使用要求;控制后的锁定回路带宽＞70Hz,阶跃响应超调量＜5%,上升时间＜5ms,输入信号频率为10Hz时,两轴交叉耦合＜1%。在保证稳定裕度的前提下,实现了比模拟再平衡回路更好的系统动态性能,为深入研究现代控制方法在动调陀螺再平衡回路中的应用奠定了基础。     

精密光路偏转及焦距调整机构的发展

介绍了压电陶瓷和音圈电机在精密光路偏转和焦距调整机构的原理和发展状况;分析了偏转与调焦机构的主要结构形式、驱动特点及其在精密偏转与调焦机构中的应用前景;指出了需要进一步开展研究的关键技术.