改进的遗传算法在同步器优化中的应用

汽车同步器是自动变速器的重要组成部分.对同步器的模拟优化能为同步器的设计生产提供重要的参考.为了获得一个较好的优化效果,提出了一种改进的遗传算法.通过对遗传算法选择过程的标准进行了改进,结合适应度函数与染色体之间差异,形成一种新的适应度函数.该函数同时考虑了选择压力和物种多样性.通过对函数中两个常量的调整,可以使算法在不同情况下可以有不同的偏重.引入两种典型测试函数的分别从高纬度变量和低纬度变量进行试验,分析改进算法中两个影响因子的作用.并与几类遗传算法进行比较,结果表明该改进的遗传算法能更快更稳定的找到较优的解.最后将改进选择策略结合自适应遗传算法对同步器进行优化,证明了该选择策略具有良好的鲁棒性和实效性.     

药物相互作用研究在新药研发和审评决策中的应用

药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系，可能会降低疗效或增加毒性，是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义，体内和体外研究的主要内容；梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局（National Medical Products Administration, NMPA）和美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况，旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。     

转炉冶炼新国标螺纹钢HRB500E生产试验

中国钢铁工业“十二五”发展规划明确提出全面推广使用400、500 MPa高强度螺纹钢筋，促进建筑钢材升级换代和减量应用。本文通过化学成分设计确定了钢筋混凝土用HRB500E螺纹钢的化学成分，通过控制装入制度、供氧制度、造渣制度、温度及终点控制制度、出钢及脱氧合金化制度和吹氩处理等工艺，成功冶炼出了符合国标化学成分要求的钢液。生产试验结果表明，钢液具有较低的氧含量，并且生产试验过程中的钢铁料消耗、合金消耗和冶炼周期均在合理范围内，后续可以批量生产。     

Synthesis of nanopowders with low agglomeration by elaborating Φ values for producing Gd2O3-MgO nanocomposites with extremely fine grain sizes and high mid-infrared transparency

Refining ceramic microstructures to the nanometric range to minimize light scattering provides an interesting methodology for developing novel optical ceramic materials. In this work, we reported the fabrication and properties of a new nanocomposite optical ceramic of Gd₂O₃-MgO. The citric acid sol-gel combustion method was adopted to fabricate Gd₂O₃-MgO nanocomposites with fine-grain sizes, dense microstructures and homogeneous phase domains. Nanopowders with low agglomeration and improved sinterability can be obtained by elaborating Φ values. Further refining of the microstructure of the nanocomposites was achieved by elaborating the hot-pressing conditions. The sample sintered at 65 MPa and 1300 °C showed a quite high hardness value of 14.3 ± 0.2 GPa, a high transmittance of 80.3 %–84.7 % over the 3?6 μm wavelength range, due mainly to its extremely fine-grain size of Gd₂O₃ and MgO (93 and 78 nm, respectively) and high density.     

小型核桃脱壳分选一体机的设计

核桃不仅营养价值极高,而且核桃壳的药用价值也非常高,国内小企业和家庭在核桃硬壳脱壳加工环节,一般采用人工破壳取仁的方式,这种方式劳动强度大,人工成本高且不卫生;针对这个问题设计了一款小型的硬壳脱壳,壳仁分离分选的机器来提高生产效率,减少成本,提高收入。     

基于IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令发送方法研究

对IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令进行了研究，提出了一种基于现有IEC 60870-5-104协议的调度命令发送新方法。此技术充分利用了IEC 60870-5-104协议的文件发送功能，通过远程终端单元（RTU）向电厂发送包含调度命令的文本文件。考虑到调度命令在电力系统和电力市场结算系统安全方面的重要性，将该方法应用在电网调度自动化 SCADA 系统中，可以实现交换数据的更高可用性。     

4,6-二氯嘧啶合成工艺研究

4,6-二氯嘧啶是一种重要的化工中间体.研究了反应温度、溶剂种类、催化剂种类、催化剂用量和反应物投料配比在4,6-二氯嘧啶合成过程中对反应的影响.结果 表明,在以邻硝基甲苯为溶剂,苄基三乙基氯化铵为催化剂,且催化剂用量为4,6-二羟基嘧啶质量的2％,n(4,6-二羟基嘧啶):n(三光气)=1∶0.8,反应温度为100～110℃的最佳条件下,产品收率可以达到93.4％.     

Achieving fabrication of highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics via air pre-sintering by deionization treatment of suspension

An easy albeit quite effective deionization suspension treatment was adopted to alleviate the detrimental effects related to the hydrolysis of Y₂O₃ in an aqueous medium. Fabrication of highly transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics with a fine grain size via air pre-sintering and post–hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment without using any sintering additive was achieved using the treated suspensions. The hydrolysis issue of Y₂O₃ powder in an aqueous medium was effectively alleviated by using deionization treatment, and a well-dispersed suspension with a low concentration of dissolved Y³⁺ species was obtained. The dispersed suspensions were consolidated by the centrifugal casting method, and the green bodies derived from the suspension of 35.0 vol% solid loading showed an improved homogeneity with a relative density of 52.1%. Fully dense Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic with high transparency was obtained by pre-sintering consolidated green compacts at a low temperature of 1400°C for 16 h in air followed by a post-HIP treatment at 1550°C for 2 h under 200 MPa pressure. The sample had a fine average grain size of 690 nm. The in-line transmittance of the sample reached 83.3% and 81.8% at 1100 nm and 800 nm, respectively, very close to the theoretical values of Y₂O₃.