梅花鹿鹿油的提取及成分检测

采用超临界CO2提取法从梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)鹿脂肪中提取鹿油,探讨提取工艺对鹿油提取率的影响。以鹿脂肪为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验分别研究提取温度、提取压力、提取时间以及CO2流量对鹿油提取率的影响。研究结果表明,最佳的提取工艺为:提取温度45℃、提取压力40 MPa、提取时间150 min、CO2流量14 L/h。此时鹿油的提取率为44.81%。通过气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用对鹿油的成分进行检测,确定其含有16种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别为69.840 9%和30.159 1%,主要脂肪酸有十六烷酸、十八烷酸及十八碳烯酸。     

The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats

Oxylipins are bioactive lipids formed by the monooxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) are the most well-studied class of oxylipins that influence brain functions in normal health and in disease. However, comprehensive profiling of brain oxylipins from other PUFA with differing functions, and the examination of the effects of dietary PUFA and sex differences in oxylipins are warranted. Therefore, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided standard rodent diets that provided additional levels of the individual n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LNA) alone or with ALA (LNA + ALA) compared to essential fatty acid-sufficient control diets. Oxylipins and PUFA were quantified in whole brains using HPLC-MS/MS and GC, respectively. Eighty-seven oxylipins were present at quantifiable levels: 51% and 17% of these were derived from ARA and DHA, respectively. At the mass level, ARA and DHA oxylipins comprised 81–90% and 6–12% of total oxylipins, while phospholipid ARA and DHA represented 25–35% and 49–62% of PUFA mass, respectively. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA resulted in higher levels of oxylipins derived from their precursor PUFA; otherwise, the brain oxylipin profile was largely resistant to modulation by diet. Approximately 25% of oxylipins were higher in males, and this was largely unaffected by diet, further revealing a tight regulation of brain oxylipin levels. These fundamental data on brain oxylipin composition, diet effects, and sex differences will help guide future studies examining the functions of oxylipins in the brain.     

基于村落宅图的分类及量化研究——以徽州传统村落群为例

本文以江西省婺源县沱川乡理坑、浙源乡虹关以及思口镇西冲的3次村落测绘作为研究的起点,逐步拓展至对12份徽州传统村落宗族图谱中的村落宅图进行分类及量化研究。通过对村落宅图的研究来还原徽州传统村落群的空间形态,探究其背后的地缘影响、血缘纽带和社会维系,归纳总结出9种村落群的基本构成要素及其所占比率,揭示村落群的空间构成和形态要素。希望在此基础上推演村落群形态的历史演变过程,还原与诠释村落群背后隐藏的内在秩序。     

基于流形学习的光学遥感图像分类

随着光学遥感图像技术的快速发展与广泛应用,对光学遥感图像的准确分类具有深远的研究意义。传统特征提取方式提取的高维特征中夹杂着许多冗余信息,分类过程可能导致过拟合现象,针对传统的线性降维算法不足以保持原始数据的内部结构,容易造成数据失真这一问题,提出基于流形学习的光学遥感图像分类算法。该算法首先提取出图像的SIFT特征,然后将流形学习运用于特征降维,最后结合支持向量机进行训练和识别。实验结果表明,在Satellite、NWPU和UCMerced实验数据中,冰川、建筑群和海滩分类精度得到了有效提高,达到85%左右;针对沙漠、岩石、水域等特殊环境遥感图像,分类精度提高了10%左右。总而言之,基于流形学习的分类算法对通过降维之后的数据能够保持在原高维空间中的拓扑结构,相似特征点能得到有效聚合,预防了"维数灾难",减少了计算量,保证了分类精度。     

Tuning Weld Metal Mechanical Responses via Welding Flux Optimization of TiO2 Content: Application into EH36 Shipbuilding Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - A series of TiO2-containing basic-fluoride-type agglomerated fluxes was applied to join EH36 shipbuilding steel under high heat input SAW. The effects...     

Evaluation across and within collaborative manufacturing networks: a comparison of manufacturers’ interactions and attributes

Evaluation on collaborative manufacturing network (CMN) structure characteristics has important implications for network operations such as production decision-making, product recovery, creating consensus. Several recent studies suggest that augmenting network structure with nodes’ attributes can provide a more fine-grained understanding of the network. However, there have been few studies to provide a systematic understanding of these effects in a CMN at scale. This gap is bridged using an industrial printing machinery CMN data-set collected on a web-based producing and outsourcing service platform. Novel phenomena with respect to both interaction and attribute metrics across and within the CMNs are observed. Moreover, although many studies employ either interaction or attribute data to study the relative roles of manufacturers in a CMN, relatively little is known about the relationship between these two types of data. This study explores this relationship by comparing two defined metrics (i.e. relational capability and node capability), which evaluate the manufacturers’ interactions and attributes, respectively. We examine to what extent the two metrics of manufacturers correlate with each other, and how possible dissimilarities and similarities can be explained based on the collected industrial CMN data-set. The insights thereby provide a better basis for efficient operations decision-making in CMN.     

状态导向与事件导向相结合的二回路管道破裂事故处理规程开发

华龙一号”采用征兆导向应急运行规程（SEOP）进行事故处理。本文对SEOP中二回路管道破裂事故相关规程进行研究，包括规程开发和支持性验证。在规程的开发过程中，构建了合理的规程框架以及不同事故采用的处理规程，并结合“华龙一号”的设计特征，确定了主要恢复策略以及相关的重要定值。在支持性验证过程中，选取典型二回路管道破裂事故进行论证，结果表明，对所选的工况，SEOP提供的缓解策略能够及时有效地将核电厂引导至预期的安全可控状态。此外，通过对不同类型事故规程进行比较，证明了SEOP在涵盖的事故范围和恢复操作的时效性方面的优势。通过本文的研究，为“华龙一号”二回路管道破裂事故处理规程的开发和验证建立了合理的方法。      

Intensity enhancement of photoluminescent polyesters by photocrosslinking

A series of polyesters with alkylated triazole heterocyclic rings at the branches were designed and synthesized via the polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polyesters were examined with various spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The alkyl chain length at the branch was found to affect the thermal stability of the polyesters, which decreased with longer alkyl chain. These polyesters possessed an aggregation‐induced emission enhancement characteristic evidenced by the transformation of the clear solutions in tetrahydrofuran with weak greenish blue emission to cloudy solutions with enhanced blue emission when water was added to promote aggregation. Furthermore, enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity was observed when the polyesters underwent photocrosslinking upon UV irradiation and appeared as self‐assembled aggregates. The formation of aggregates in the water ? tetrahydrofuran solutions and after photocrosslinking was confirmed via TEM analysis. The SEM images showed that the photocrosslinked polyesters were highly porous which may enhance the π ? π stacking interaction that improved the photoluminescence intensity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段致密油地质工程一体化解决方案——针对科学布井和高效钻井

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7致密油储层主要为重力流砂体沉积,砂体的分布在垂向和横向上均复杂多变,单砂体厚度薄,对高效钻井和生产提出了挑战。文章提出了一套利用近钻头随钻测量技术等多学科知识相结合的地质工程一体化方法。在综合地质研究的基础上,建立三维精细地质、油藏和地质力学模型,进行钻井位置优选、工厂化平台设计、钻井作业实施和地质导向方案优化,使井轨迹设计科学合理,钻井过程中提高砂体钻遇率,同时保证后期生产阶段较高的单井产量与井区的最终长期累计产量。研究结果表明:研究区的优质储层主要为碎屑流的块状砂岩,提高钻遇率的核心在于利用实时传输随钻测量数据,综合分析钻、测、录数据,确定钻头在沉积旋回的位置,从而确定地质导向作业方案。在该方法指导下实施的两口水平井钻井作业,油层钻遇率较周边井钻遇率提高5%~10%;通过早期基于地质模型和地质力学模型基础上的数值模拟,结合钻井和生产实践科学布井,最终选定400m为研究区最佳水平井井距。