磁力可控电磁超声换能器设计及特性

电磁超声换能器一般采用具有超强磁力的稀土永磁制作,在实际检测中由于磁力不可控,存在偏置磁场不够强导致换能效率过低和磁力过强造成操作不方便等问题.提出一种偏置磁场磁力可控的电磁超声换能器,采用电磁铁与永磁铁相结合的方式,达到偏置磁场磁力可控的目的.通过有限元仿真和试验得出,提出的偏置磁场磁力可控的电磁超声换能器,在电磁铁处于关闭模式下,永磁铁能够提供基础磁场;采用增强模式或减弱模式,无被测物时,换能器下表面平均垂直磁通最大分别增强78.58％和减弱19.36％,而提离2 mm检测钢板时,换能器下方钢板表面平均垂直磁通最大分别增强52.99％和减弱38.02％;得出3种模式下,探头磁力随着提离距离缩小而增强的试验曲线;通过增强模式对铝板和钢板进行测厚试验,将检测信号幅值分别提高46.91％和62.01％.所设计的磁力可控电磁超声换能器不仅具有磁力可控的功能,还能够提高检测信号幅值.     

Densification mechanism and microstructure characteristics of nano- and micro- crystalline alumina by high-pressure and low temperature sintering

Fully dense ceramics with retarded grain growth can be attained effectively at relatively low temperatures using a high-pressure sintering method. However, there is a paucity of in-depth research on the densification mechanism, grain growth process, grain boundary characterization, and residual stress. Using a strong, reliable die made from a carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (C_f/C) composite for spark plasma sintering, two kinds of commercially pure α-Al₂O₃ powders, with average particle sizes of 220 nm and 3 μm, were sintered at relatively low temperatures and under high pressures of up to 200 MPa. The sintering densification temperature and the starting threshold temperature of grain growth (T_sg) were determined by the applied pressure and the surface energy relative to grain size, as they were both observed to increase with grain size and to decrease with applied pressure. Densification with limited grain coarsening occurred under an applied pressure of 200 MPa at 1050 °C for the 220 nm Al₂O₃ powder and 1400 °C for the 3 μm Al₂O₃ powder. The grain boundary energy, residual stress, and dislocation density of the ceramics sintered under high pressure and low temperature were higher than those of the samples sintered without additional pressure. Plastic deformation occurring at the contact area of the adjacent particles was proved to be the dominant mechanism for sintering under high pressure, and a mathematical model based on the plasticity mechanics and close packing of equal spheres was established. Based on the mathematical model, the predicted relative density of an Al₂O₃ compact can reach ～80 % via the plastic deformation mechanism, which fits well with experimental observations. The densification kinetics were investigated from the sintering parameters, i.e., the holding temperature, dwell time, and applied pressure. Diffusion, grain boundary sliding, and dislocation motion were assistant mechanisms in the final stage of sintering, as indicated by the stress exponent and the microstructural evolution. During the sintering of the 220 nm alumina at 1125 °C and 100 MPa, the deformation tends to increase defects and vacancies generation, both of which accelerate lattice diffusion and thus enhance grain growth.     

深共融溶剂催化制备二酯类化合物

二酯类化合物广泛应用于有机中间体、药物、增塑剂、香料等领域,开发其绿色、高效的合成新方法具有重要意义.报道了以二元羧酸(或二羧酸酐)和脂肪醇为原料,以深共融溶剂(DESs)为催化剂催化合成二酯类化合物.以n(氯化胆碱):n(对甲苯磺酸)=1:2为催化剂,产率最高可达95％,并且DESs使用8次后产率仍保持在88％以上.运用1HNMR和13CNMR对产物进行了结构表征.该方法具有操作简单、产率高、易分离和催化剂可循环使用等优点.     

微纳层叠聚丙烯腈凝胶流动特性的数值模拟研究

建立了层叠流道的三维模型和有限元网格模型，根据流变测试数据，采用Polymat对物料的黏度模型参数进行拟合，并利用Polyflow软件对聚丙烯腈（PAN）凝胶在层叠流道内的三维等温流动过程进行了数值模拟分析。研究发现，当入口流量增大时，层叠流道出口速度的不均匀性增加；沿流动方向流道内压力逐渐降低，并在出口处降低至同一最低值；流道进出口压力差与入口流量大小具有正相关性；在流道的中心截面上剪切速率分布均匀，波动较小。     

Structural Aspects and Prediction of Calmodulin-Binding Proteins

Calmodulin (CaM) is an important intracellular protein that binds Ca²⁺ and functions as a critical second messenger involved in numerous biological activities through extensive interactions with proteins and peptides. CaM’s ability to adapt to binding targets with different structures is related to the flexible central helix separating the N- and C-terminal lobes, which allows for conformational changes between extended and collapsed forms of the protein. CaM-binding targets are most often identified using prediction algorithms that utilize sequence and structural data to predict regions of peptides and proteins that can interact with CaM. In this review, we provide an overview of different CaM-binding proteins, the motifs through which they interact with CaM, and shared properties that make them good binding partners for CaM. Additionally, we discuss the historical and current methods for predicting CaM binding, and the similarities and differences between these methods and their relative success at prediction. As new CaM-binding proteins are identified and classified, we will gain a broader understanding of the biological processes regulated through changes in Ca²⁺ concentration through interactions with CaM.     

基于MATLAB灰色Elman网络中长期电力负荷预测

良好的负荷预测模型能够精准且快速地计算预测值,有利于合理地规划分配电能,提升电网运行稳定性.基于MATLAB搭建灰色Elman网络电力负荷预测模型,参考安徽省淮南市"十三五"能源规划[1],以对淮南市进行中长期电力负荷预测为例,同时设置基于MATLAB搭建的Elman网络和灰色理论中的GM(1,1)模型为对照组进行对比仿真实验.提出灰色Elman网络相比对照组具有更高的运算精度,灰色Elman网络对比Elman网络有更好的训练效果.     

八段锦在女大学生篮球教学后疲劳恢复中的应用

运用八段锦进行女大学生篮球教学后疲劳恢复,并与传统恢复手段拉伸运动进行比较实验,探索快速消除运动性疲劳的方法.研究结果显示:女大学生运用八段锦进行篮球教学后的疲劳恢复,其心率恢复明显的优于传统拉伸运动;学生的主观感觉疲劳恢复程度也明显的优于传统拉伸运动.结果表明,八段锦能够有效促进女大学生生理和心理疲劳的恢复.     

Water vapor volatilization and oxidation induced surface cracking of environmental barrier coating systems: A numerical approach

A numerical model is developed for surface crack propagation in brittle ceramic coatings, aiming at the intrinsic failure of rare-earth silicate environmental barrier coating systems (EBCs) under combustion conditions in advanced gas turbines. The main features of progressive degradation of EBCs in such conditions are captured, including selective silica vaporization in the top coat due to exposure to water vapor, diffusion path-dependent bond coat oxidation, as well as crack propagation during cyclic thermal loading. In light of these features, user-defined subroutines are implemented in finite element analysis, where surface crack growth is simulated by node separation. Numerical results are validated by existing experimental data, in terms of monosilicate layer thickening, thermal oxide growth, and fracture behaviors. The experimentally observed quasi-linear oxidation in the early stage is also elucidated. Furthermore, it is suggested that surface crack undergoes rapid propagation in the late stage of extended thermal cycling in water vapor and leads to catastrophic failure, driven by both thermal mismatch and oxide growth stresses. The latter is identified as the dominant mechanism of penetration. Based on detailed analyses of failure mechanisms, the optimization strategy of EBCs composition is proposed, balancing the trade-off between mechanical compliance and erosion resistance.     

Freeze-drying and mechanical redispersion of aqueous PEDOT:PSS

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films are attracting famous applications in antistatic coating, energy storage and conversion, printed electronics, and biomedical fields due to their conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, PEDOT:PSS has poor dispersion stability during long-term storage and transport. Moreover, the dried PEDOT:PSS films are insoluble in any solvent and cannot be redispersed again. In comparison to bake drying, here, a feasible strategy to achieve mechanically redispersed PEDOT:PSS with the help of freeze-drying process was reported. The redispersed PEDOT:PSS can recover not only the initial characters such as pH, chemical composition, viscosity, and particle size under similar solid contents, but also conductivity and surface morphology of treated films. In addition, the treated film exhibits self-healing properties similar to pristine film in terms of mechanical and electrical properties. This technology enables reuse and overcomes the technical problems of PEDOT:PSS dispersion, realizing real-time processing to meet variable applications.     

电石汽车卸料、破碎、除尘、输送一体化智能系统——中吴天玺系统

针对PVC企业电石车间存在的粉尘污染严重、人工操作安全隐患大等问题,江苏中吴环境工程设计研究有限公司开发了电石汽车卸料、破碎、除尘、输送一体化智能系统(即中吴天玺系统),对该系统的工艺流程、系统组成、占地空间、经济效益和社会效益簣方面进行了介绍。