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1.
菱铁矿是我国重要的铁矿石资源,悬浮磁化焙烧是处理复杂难选铁矿的有效方法。本文采用实验室小型悬浮磁化焙烧装置,针对重庆接龙铁矿,开展悬浮磁化焙烧工艺优化及焙烧温度对磁化焙烧产品性能的研究。研究结果表明,接龙铁矿预氧化产品在焙烧温度为500℃、焙烧时间为3 min,CO用量为0.2 L/min的条件下,获得了铁精矿品位56.31%,回收率92.05%的试验指标。XRD分析表明,在450~550℃范围内,还原焙烧3 min,均可实现大部分的赤铁矿转变为磁铁矿,提高温度有利于赤铁矿还原更彻底,还原温度对焙烧产品的磁性影响较小。预氧化样品经还原焙烧后,比表面积降低,存在孔结构坍塌破坏后被填充的现象,导致孔尺寸增加。孔结构的改变,可能对后续的磨矿磁选造成一定的影响。研究结果对认识悬浮磁化焙烧规律有一定的意义。   相似文献   
2.
In this study, some locations with different climates, off-grid zero energy buildings with hydrogen energy storage systems are designed, and transient analysis is conducted. These considered buildings supply their electricity consumption without using the electrical grid and PV panels or wind turbines. Also, they supply thermal comfort to occupants by using a vapor compression chiller and humidifier. Domestic hot water of occupants is supplied using solar collectors. For analyzing building's performance and objectives achievement, TRNSYS software is used. Also, for evaluating occupant thermal comfort, the Fanger model is used. The considered building is a one-story building with a 150 m2 area. Four occupants are considered. Both of them are seated at rest, and another is seated with light working such as typing. Using the Fanger model equation and MATLAB software, the thermal comfort of occupants is determined. For domestic hot water consumption, verified profiles that vary during 24 h of the day are considered. Achieved results show that for humid and cold cities, PV panels with an area of 73 and 76 m2 can be supplied the required electricity of considered building with four occupants and battery state of charge is higher than 50% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, with a suitable air conditioner system, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) can be lower than 12% and 8% for humid and cold cities. Therefore, the building can be converted to a zero-energy building using its rooftop area.  相似文献   
3.
Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important components of fuel cells. In order to improve the fuel cell performance, GDL has developed from single layer to dual layers, and then to multiple layers. However, dual or multi layers in GDL are usually prepared by layer-by-layer methods, which cost too much time, energy, and resources. In this work, we successfully developed a facile one-step method to prepare a GDL with three functional layers by utilizing the different sedimentation rates and filtration rates of short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The treatment temperature for this GDL is much lower than that of traditional method. The thickness of the GDL can be effectively controlled from as thin as 50 μm to more than 200 μm by simply adjusting the content of CF. The GDL with high flexibility is suitable to develop high performance flexible electronics. The fuel cell with the GDL has the maximum power density 1021 mW cm?2, which shows 19% improvement comparing to the conventional one. Therefore, this work breaks the traditional concept that GDL for fuel cells only can be prepared by very complex and high-cost procedure.  相似文献   
4.
Two-dimensional rotating detonation waves (RDWs) with separate injections of hydrogen and air are simulated using the Navier–Stokes equations together with a detailed chemical mechanism. The effects of injection stagnation temperature and slot width on the detonation propagation patterns are investigated. Results find that extremely high temperatures can lead to a chaotic mode in which detonation waves are generated and extinguished randomly. Increasing the slot width can reduce the number of detonation waves and finally trigger detonation quenching at a low injection stagnation temperature. But increasing the slot width can change the RDW propagation pattern from a chaotic to a stable mode under high injection temperature. Furthermore, the kinetic parameter τ (representing the chemical reactivity of the mixture) and the kinematic parameter α (representing the mixing efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen) are introduced to distinguish the RDW propagation patterns.  相似文献   
5.
A dual-coolant integrated experimental facility named DRAGON-V has been developed at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the key technology research and performance evaluation of candidate liquid lithium-lead (PbLi) blanket of hydrogen fusion reactors. The loop is composed of a material test sub-loop and thermal-hydraulic test sub-loop, the design parameters are PbLi inventory 20 tons, PbLi temperature up to 550 °C, the maximum PbLi flow rate up to 40 kg/s. A novel cold trap system is designed to remove the suspended and crystalized impurities in PbLi fluid with three cooling zones and cross row arrangement of rod bundle filter elements. The paper describes the loop itself and its major components, initial loop testing, flow and measurement diagnostics and current experiments. The obtained test results of the loop and its components have demonstrated that the new facility is fully functioning and ready for experimental studies of material corrosion with/without a magnetic field, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, purification, heat and mass transfer phenomena in PbLi flows and can also be used in mock-up testing in conditions relevant to fusion applications.  相似文献   
6.
摩擦和磨损制约着机械系统的高可靠、长寿命服役,随着科学技术的快速发展,单一的固体或液体润滑系统已经无法满足工业应用中对机械部件的摩擦学性能要求.因此,研究人员对固液相复合润滑体系展开了大量研究,碳基薄膜因具有优异的摩擦学性能而常被用于组成固液复合润滑体系.对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑体系的研究进行了回顾,从碳基薄膜/油复合润滑、碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑、碳基薄膜/水复合润滑、碳基薄膜/润滑剂/纳米添加剂复合润滑,以及表面织构碳基薄膜和摩擦过程中生成碳材料的特殊碳基材料复合润滑六个体系对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑进行了综述.碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑无论是在大气还是在真空中都表现出优异的摩擦学性能,碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑对于提高在苛刻条件下服役的机械运动部件的摩擦学性能具有指导意义和广泛的应用前景.润滑添加剂的使用,可以在碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑体系的基础上进一步提高摩擦学性能,过渡金属氮化物/润滑油摩擦催化生成碳材料为进一步发现和发展不同的先进润滑和保护材料提供了前景.最后总结了目前研究领域中存在的一些问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望.  相似文献   
7.
本文采用193 nm紫外激光解离质谱(UVPD-MS)研究非变性电喷雾条件下,超电荷试剂环丁砜对蛋白质序列、结构表征的影响。UVPD可在5 ns内对保持高级结构和非共价相互作用的不同价态碳酸酐酶进行快速激发解离,解离序列覆盖率达79.8%,具有较高的解离结构选择性。超电荷试剂环丁砜的引入可显著增加非变性电喷雾产生的碳酸酐酶离子的电荷数目,UVPD解离序列覆盖率提升至87.2%,实现对难解离区域的位点覆盖和序列、结构表征。加入环丁砜后,碳酸酐酶仍能保持高级结构谱学特征及与锌离子的非共价结合,锌离子结合区域等大部分结构区域的UVPD位点解离效率未见显著变化。但是,电荷数目的增加存在引起蛋白质局部结构变化的风险。  相似文献   
8.
Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h0 was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.  相似文献   
9.
RE disilicates are good candidates as environmental/thermal barrier coating for SiCf/SiC composite in harsh gas turbine engines. We designed (Yb1?xHox)2Si2O7 solid solutions and studied mechanical properties, thermal properties, and water vapor resistance. Powders with different compositions were synthesized by pressureless sintering, and bulk samples were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Polymorphic changes with temperature and composition of the solid solutions were examined. Through doping Ho into Yb2Si2O7, water vapor corrosion resistance is significantly promoted, and thermal expansion coefficient is maintained close to that of Si-based ceramics. Compared with host disilicates, thermal conductivity of solid solutions are decreased, and mechanical properties, including Vickers hardness and fracture toughness, are increased. A two-phase domain is found at (Yb1/2Ho1/2)2Si2O7, and the γ to δ phase transition of Ho2Si2O7 is observed during SPS. Among all samples, γ-(Yb1/3Ho2/3)2Si2O7 possesses superior high temperature stability, and excellent water vapor resistance, indicating its performance as environmental/thermal barrier coating.  相似文献   
10.
In space propulsion applications, the development of new ceramic matrix composites with improved resistance to oxidation and ablation at high temperature is needed and ultra-high temperature ceramics-based ones appear the most suitable. Combination of both powder impregnation (ZrB2, C) and liquid silicon infiltration enabled manufacturing of UHTC based matrices in Cf/C preforms with less than 10 vol% open porosity and various proportions and homogeneous distribution of C, ZrB2, SiC and Si. Oxidation behaviour was evaluated on composite structures using an oxyacetylene torch at temperatures higher than 2000 °C. Chemical analyses and microstructural observations before and after oxidation testing evidenced the protection ability of ZrB2-SiC-Si matrices thanks to the formation of multi-oxide scales which resisted even tested durations of 6 min and pointed the unharmful presence of residual 12 vol% silicon on the composite for use at high temperature under high gas flows.  相似文献   
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