稻壳灰对水体中Cu2+的吸附性能

为了解决处理含铜重金属废水时成本高和效率低等问题,选用廉价且吸附性能较好的吸附剂成为研究中的热点问题。文章以稻壳为原料制备稻壳灰吸附剂,通过单因素实验研究Cu²⁺质量浓度、pH值、吸附剂投加量、时间、温度等对吸附效果的影响;通过正交实验得出吸附Cu²⁺的最佳条件;通过扫描电镜及红外光谱测定,对吸附前后的稻壳灰进行表征分析。实验结果表明:溶液pH对吸附效果影响极大,当4≤pH≤6时,吸附率较高,pH过低或过高均不利于吸附;在前0.5 h内吸附速度很快,1 h后吸附基本完成。稻壳灰吸附Cu²⁺的最佳条件为:稻壳灰投加量20.0 g/L、35 ℃、Cu²⁺质量浓度30 mg/L、吸附时间1 h、溶液初始pH为6。准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型可较好地描述稻壳灰对Cu²⁺的吸附过程。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品工农业中的应用研究进展

壳聚糖作为一种天然碱性多糖,具有高附加值、可再生资源、抑菌、无毒、易成膜、可生物降解、螯合重金属等优点。文章综述了壳聚糖在食品工农业方面的应用研究进展情况,详细介绍了壳聚糖、改性壳聚糖和复合壳聚糖在果蔬保鲜、植物诱导、防止微生物生长、果汁澄清、添加剂和食品工业废水方面的应用性能,并对壳聚糖在食品中应用的未来发展进行展望。     

五水硫酸铜催化合成乙酸正丙酯的研究

采用五水硫酸铜催化合成乙酸正丙酯,研究不同反应时间、五水硫酸铜用量、乙酸和正丙醇摩尔比对乙酸正丙酯产率的影响。结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:催化剂用量为2.5 g,醇酸摩尔比为2∶1,反应时间为2.5 h。在此条件下,收率可达78.64%,转化率为87.83%。产品为无色透明液体,具有淡淡的果香味,30℃下测得其折光率为1.383 9,沸程为98.5~101.6℃,纯度为82.36%。     

Identification and characterisation of steel corrosion using passive high frequency RFID sensors

High frequency RFID sensors are attractive in diverse applications where sensor performance is required at a low cost and dimension restriction. An approach adapting commercial passive 13.56 MHz RFID tags has been developed for sensing corrosion stage. This investigation includes balance of sensing and positioning of RFID sensors for corrosion detection by analysing real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance. With passive HF RFID sensors, real part and imaginary part of complex impedance have been extracted from the reader coil with VNA (vector network analyser) and delivering a unique capability for corrosion sensing with different atmospheric exposure time steel samples (1 month, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months). With different positioning (5–25 mm), features extraction based on the complex impedance with PCA (principal component analysis) has been designed for position-independent corrosion evaluation.     

Investigation into eddy current pulsed thermography for rolling contact fatigue detection and characterization

This paper reports on the use of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) for detection and characterization of rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Detection mechanisms with eddy currents and heat propagation effects were discussed with RCF modeled as a simple angled defect. Two different angled defects were studied through numerical simulations and experimentally by using uniform magnetic field (UMF) excited by Helmholtz coils. Finally, a rail sample with RCF defects was inspected using UMF excitation. It is shown that ECPT with UMF excitation provides an efficient and robust method to detect angled defects, compared with nonuniform magnetic field (NUMF) excitation.     

Boosted photogenerated carriers separation in Z-scheme Cu3P/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction photocatalyst for highly efficient H2 evolution under visible light

Developing low-cost, highly efficient and robust photocatalystic hydrogen evolution system is a promising solution to environmental and energy crisis. Herein, a Z-scheme Cu₃P/ZnIn₂S₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully constructed for the first time via a facile solution-phase hybridization method. The optimized Cu₃P/ZIS composite exhibited the highest H₂ production rate of 2561.1 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under visible light irradiation (>420 nm), which was 5.2 times greater than that of bare ZnIn₂S₄ and even exceeded the photocatalytic performance of Pt/ZIS composite. The apparent quantum yield of 10 wt% Cu₃P/ZnIn₂S₄ can reach 22.3% at 420 nm. The huge boost of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is ascribed to the formation of heterojunction with the built in electric field within Cu₃P/ZnIn₂S₄ and Z-scheme charge carriers transfer pathway, which result in efficient separation and migration of charge carriers. In addition, both experimental and theoretical calculation confirmed that the charge-carriers transfer pathway of Cu₃P/ZnIn₂S₄ photocatalyst follows the Z-scheme mechanism instead of conventional type-Ⅱ heterojunction mechanism. This work is considered helpful for getting a great deal of insight into constructing high-activity and cost-effective transition metal phosphides (TMPs) based photcatalytic hydrogen production system and rationally designing Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst.     

腰果酚对铝在酸/碱体系中缓蚀作用的研究

实验采用失重法研究了腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中,在不同的腰果酚用量、温度、NaOH浓度(或HCl用量)和反应时间条件下缓蚀作用的变化规律,为工业上铝的腐蚀防护提供帮助。实验结果表明:腰果酚对铝在NaOH溶液和HCl溶液中都有良好的缓蚀作用,且在较低温度下缓蚀作用更好;缓蚀作用随着腰果酚用量增加而增强,当腰果酚用量达到一定量时缓蚀作用不再增强或增强不明显。     

基于特异材料微带漏波天线辐射特性研究

分析复合左右手特异材料微带漏波天线的辐射原理,建立复合左右手材料微带漏波天线仿真模型,通过仿真计算得到微带漏波天线的辐射特性。制备与仿真参数相同的实物天线,测量天线S参数、方向图和天线各单元电容瞬态电压。最后,对仿真试验结果和实物天线测量结果比较,吻合较好。在固定工作频率下,复合左右手特异材料微带漏波天线工作在左手区时,电磁波辐射主要发生在天线结构前几个单元,且电磁波以指数形式快速衰减,工作在右手区时,电磁波沿整个天线辐射,且电磁波衰减较慢。     

固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯的分析方法。以正己烷为提取剂萃取试样中的邻苯二甲酸酯,样液经中性氧化铝自组装固相萃取柱净化后进行GC/MS测定分析。采用选择离子扫描方式,用外标法进行定量分析。方法的检出限(S/N=3)为1~6μg/kg。在加标水平为50μg/kg时,平均回收率为67.3~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6~6.1%;在加标水平为100μg/kg时,平均回收率为67.5~103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2~6.2%。本方法简便、快速地实现了食用油中邻苯二甲酸酯的检测。     

Carbon nanotube/boehmite-derived alumina ceramics obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and spark plasma sintering (SPS)

Preparation, structure and properties of hydrothermally treated carbon nanotube/boehmite (CNT/γ-AlOOH) and densification with spark plasma sintering of Al₂O₃ and CNT/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were investigated. Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce CNT/boehmite from an aluminum acetate (Al(OH)(C₂H₃O₂)₂) and multiwall-CNTs mixture (200 °C/2 h.). TEM observations revealed that the size of the cubic shape boehmite particles lies around 40 nm and the presence of the interaction between surface functionalized CNTs and boehmite particles acts to form ‘nanocomposite particles’. Al₂O₃ and CNT/Al₂O₃ compact bodies were formed by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600 °C for 5 min using an applied pressure of 50MPa resulting in the formation of stable α-Al₂O₃ phase and CNT–alumina compacts with nearly full density. It was also found that CNTs tend to locate along the alumina grain boundaries and therefore inhibit the grain coarsening and cause inter-granular fracture mode. The DC conductivity measurements reveal that the DC conductivity of CNT/Al₂O₃ is 10^?4 S/m which indicate that there is a 4 orders of magnitude increase in conductivity compared to monolithic Al₂O₃. The results of the microhardness tests indicate a slight increase in hardness for CNT/Al₂O₃ (28.35 GPa for Al₂O₃ and 28.57 GPa for CNT/Al₂O₃).