超声波辅助木片常压浸渍及其漂白

采用化学热磨机械浆（CTMP）工艺，以桉木与杨木2种木材为原料，初步研究了超声波辅助木片常压浸渍及其漂白效果。通过监测体系中的残余氢氧化钠的量来探究外部环境体系（温度、时间和用碱量）对超声波辅助木片常压浸渍的影响，结果表明：超声波辅助处理浸渍，桉木为温度75℃，时间30 min，用碱量6%；杨木为温度75℃，时间30 min，用碱量5%，此较优条件下，桉木白度提高2.83%（ISO），残余过氧化氢质量分数提高了4.4个百分点，碱吸收量达41.5 kg/t，较未经超声波处理后的桉木的碱吸收量提高了5.06%；杨木白度无变化，而残余过氧化氢质量分数提高了2.73个百分点，碱吸收量达38.75 kg/t，较未经超声波处理的杨木碱吸收量提高了6.15%。     

苯并噁嗪树脂的合成及在形状记忆聚合物中的应用研究进展

苯并噁嗪树脂作为一类新型的热固性树脂，具有分子设计性强、阻燃性能和耐腐蚀性能优异、固化时不需要强酸、无小分子放出等优点，在航空、建筑、电子等领域获得了广泛应用。本文主要介绍了苯并噁嗪单体的合成方法（溶剂法、无溶剂法和悬浮法）、降低苯并噁嗪开环聚合温度的方法（合成具有特殊基团的苯并噁嗪单体、添加催化剂）及苯并噁嗪树脂在形状记忆聚合物中的应用（与其他聚合物混合，纯苯并噁嗪化学改性），对苯并噁嗪形状记忆聚合物目前存在的问题进行了概述并对苯并噁嗪形状记忆聚合物的发展前景做出了展望。     

Improvement in flame retardancy of polyurethane dispersions by newer reactive flame retardant

A novel phosphorus containing reactive flame retardant was synthesized and incorporated successfully in polyurethane backbone to obtain flame retardant aqueous polyurethane dispersions (FRPUDs). The reactive flame retardant compound was synthesized by using phosphorus oxychloride (1 mole) and N-methylaminoethanol (3 mole). The structure of synthesized phosphorus containing triol was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ³¹P NMR spectrometry. Further, polyurethane prepolymer was modified with phosphorus containing triol compound in various amounts (30, 40 and 50% on equivalent basis) and FRPUDs were prepared. PUD films were applied on wood and mild steel panels and air dried. It was then characterized for mechanical, chemical, thermal and flame retardant properties. It was observed that all FRPUDs exhibited good mechanical properties and improved flame retardancy as compared to the conventional one. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 37 was obtained for FRPUD containing 0.8 mass% of phosphorus and 1 mass% of nitrogen. The flame retardancy was greatly depending on the phosphorus content and increased with increase in phosphorus content.     

Insights into biological delignification of rice straw by Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum and comparison of saccharification yields with dilute acid pretreatment

Rice straw is the most abundant agricultural residue on a global scale and is widely available as feedstock for cellulosic fuel production. However, it is highly recalcitrant to biochemical deconstruction and also generates inhibitors that affect enzymatic saccharification. Rice straw from eastern Arkansas was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (160 °C, 48 min and 1.0% sulfuric acid) and solid-state fermentation with two lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum, and their saccharification efficacies were compared. T. hirsuta and M. roridum were tested separately; pretreatment of rice straw with either strain for seven days resulted in 19 and 70% enrichment of its holocellulose content, respectively. However, liquid chromatography analysis of the alkali extracts showed significant differences in cell wall degradation by T. hirsuta and M. roridum. T. hirsuta removed 15% more phenolic compounds and 38% more glucan than M. roridum, while M. roridum removed 77% more xylan than T. hirsuta. Fungal and dilute acid pretreated biomass was then hydrolyzed using Accellerase^® 1500, a saccharification cocktail. Saccharification efficiency of M. roridum was 37% higher than that of dilute acid pretreatment of rice straw, requiring 8% lower enzyme loading and 50% shorter enzymatic hydrolysis duration. Alkali extraction of fungal pretreated biomass also yielded 10–15 g kg⁻¹ of acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), which is a valuable co-product for biorefineries. In comparison to dilute acid pretreatment, fungal pretreatment could be a cost-effective alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass, such as rice straw.     

慈竹薄壁组织的部分去除对化机浆制浆、漂白性能的影响

采用螺旋挤压法破坏竹片组织结构，并筛除分离部分薄壁组织，选用不同的化学预浸渍方法进行浸渍软化，对制得的不同化学机械浆（CMP）进行过氧化氢漂白对比试验。结果表明：螺旋挤压法去除11.4%薄壁组织后，竹丝化学组成与原竹片相比差异十分明显，其灰分质量分数降低了38.6%，纤维素质量分数增加了4.71%，但螺旋挤压对竹纤维没有造成明显的损伤；碱性过氧化氢（AP）预浸渍可以显著降低磨浆电耗，在加拿大游离度300 mL时，该方法比烧碱（AA）法节电18.0%，并且其化机浆的结合强度较高；AA法浆料的松厚度最高、强度较差；碱性亚硫酸钠（AS）法化机浆的松厚度和强度性能介于AP和AA之间；在H₂O₂用量为8%的漂白条件下，AP、AS和AA预浸渍法的最佳碱用量分别为4.5%、4.5%和3.5%，同时AP预浸渍可以改善漂白效率，漂后浆白度可达56.8%（ISO），而AA预浸渍化机浆漂白浆白度仅为49.9%（ISO）。     

Preparation and polymerization of isopimaric acid derivatives

Isopimaric acid is a typical rosin compound and can account for 30% of the total mass of slash pine rosin. The molecular structure of isopimaric acid derivatives features an unsaturated double bond at the C13 position, opening up the possibility of their industrial polymerization. In this study, isopimaric acid (95.4%), methyl isopimarate (99.5%), and allyl isopimarate (95.1%) were prepared as highly pure monomers. New experimental results are presented and mechanisms based on the investigation of free-radical polymerization under UV irradiation are proposed. New rosin monomers for potential value-added utilization of woody biomass are also identified. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47817.     

十一烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物的制备与表征

以十一烯酸(UA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为原料，偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂，通过沉淀聚合的方法制备了十一烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物(UMA)，研究了单体配比、引发剂用量及反应温度对共聚反应的影响，通过FT-IR、¹³C NMR、DSC分析和酸酐质量分数的测定对共聚物进行了表征。FT-IR和¹³C NMR结果表明：在实验条件下，十一烯酸(UA)与马来酸酐(MAH)发生了共聚反应。当反应温度为75 ℃、AIBN用量为0.75%时，随着MAH用量的增加，共聚物相对分子质量减小，得率和酸酐质量分数呈现先增大后略有减小的趋势，当UA与MAH的物质的量之比为40:60时共聚物的得率及酸酐质量分数均达到最大值，分别为61.78%和20.05%，与DSC曲线中玻璃化转变温度(T_g)的变化趋势基本一致，即当n(UA):n(MAH)为40:60，T_g达到最大值71.98 ℃。提高引发剂用量和反应温度有利于共聚反应的进行，但相对分子质量有所下降，因此可根据所需聚合物的性质来选择合适的反应条件。     

中医药临床研究电子数据管理特点及标准操作规程的制定

电子数据管理具有节约成本、缩短研发周期、提高数据质量等优势,已逐步成为临床研究数据采集与管理的主流形式,规范开展电子数据管理工作是提高中医药临床研究质量的重要措施。本文介绍了临床研究电子数据管理标准操作规程(standard operating procedure, SOP)的作用、制定原则、一般体例、制定流程、SOP的管理与培训以及实际工作中常用的SOP,最后讨论了中医药临床研究电子数据管理的特点及难点,并给出了建议的解决措施。