Investigation of the versatility of SPES membranes customized with sulfonated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for DMFC applications

Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are fabricated using sulfonated molybdenum disulfide (S-MoS₂) nanosheets via facile solution casting method. SPES (DS = 30%) and S-MoS₂ are synthesized and sulfonation is evidently observed in FTIR and XRD analysis. The anchoring of sulfonic acid group on exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (E-MoS₂) and elemental composition of S-MoS₂ are confirmed by XPS spectrum. Physico-chemical characteristics such as ion-exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, swelling ratio and oxidation stability are found to be increases after the addition of S-MoS₂ into SPES matrix. Increment in S-MoS₂ content in SPES matrix decreases the surface contact angle due to the increase in hydrophilicity. Further, the dispersing ability of S-MoS₂ in SPES matrix is evidently shown by an increase in surface roughness, tensile strength and thermal stability of the SPES/S-MoS₂ nanocomposite membranes. On the whole, SPES/S-MoS₂-1 membrane showed the highest proton conductivity of 5.98 × 10⁻³ Scm⁻¹, selectivity of 19.6 × 10⁴ Scm⁻³s, peak power density of 28.28 mWcm⁻² and lesser methanol permeability of 3.05 × 10⁻⁸ cm²s⁻¹. The strong interfacial interaction between SPES and S-MoS₂ in nanocomposite membranes create strong hydrogen bond network to facilitate the proton conduction pathway via both vehicle and Grotthuss type mechanisms. Overall results suggested that the SPES/S-MoS₂ nanocomposite membranes are superior and appropriate alternative for commercially high-cost Nafion® membranes for use in renewable direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) devices.     

松辽盆地断陷期火山岩典型地震相的地质解译

以松辽盆地营城组和火石岭组火山岩为例，对火山岩地震相类型及其可能地质解释进行分析。依据外形和内部结构可将地震相划分为4类：丘状/透镜状—亚平行反射（Ⅰ类）、板状/席状/盾状—平行/亚平行反射（Ⅱ类）、穹窿状/丘状—空白/杂乱反射（Ⅲ类）和蘑菇状—杂乱反射（Ⅳ类）。Ⅰ类对应流纹质或玄武质岩石，对应岩相多是喷溢相和爆发相互层，富含气孔、粒间孔和裂缝，多为中孔隙度，发育多层有利储层，火山口—近火山口相带的储层厚度大、远源相带厚度小。Ⅱ类对应基性熔岩或酸性碎屑岩，对应的岩相多是喷溢相夹爆发相，富含气孔、粒间孔和裂缝，多为高孔隙度，发育多层有利储层，从火山口—近火山口相带到远源相带的储层厚度变化小。Ⅲ类对应英安岩或粗安岩，对应的岩相多是侵出相或喷溢相，富含裂缝，多为中低孔隙度，仅在顶部发育一层有利储层，火山口—近火山口相带的储层厚度大、远源相带厚度小。Ⅳ类对应流纹质凝灰岩、流纹岩或粗面岩，对应的岩相多是爆发相和喷溢相互层，富含气孔、溶蚀孔和裂缝，可能为中高孔隙度，发育多层有利储层，火山口—近火山口相带的储层厚度大、远源相带厚度小。     

Electrodeposited and characterization of Ag–Sn–S semiconductor thin films

Thin film of silver tin sulfides (Ag–Sn–S) has been deposited on indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO) substrates using potentiostatic cathodic electrodeposition technique. New procedure for the growth of Ag–Sn–S film is presented. An electrolyte solution containing Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃), Tin(II) Chloride (SnCl₂) and Sodium Thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃)in acidic solution (pH ~2) and at temperature of the bath 55 °C were used for the growth of Ag–Sn–S thin film. Prior to the deposition, a cyclic voltammetry technique was performed in binary (Ag–S, Sn–S) and ternary (Ag–Sn–S) systems. This study was carried out to examine the behavior of electroactive species at the electrode surface. Based on these results, the cathodic applied potential was fixed at −1000 mV versus Ag/AgCl to obtain a uniform and good adhesion of ternary thin film. After that, structural, morphological and optical performances of films have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples demonstrate the presence of the orthorhombic phase of Ag₈SnS₆ at applied potential of −1000 mV versus Ag/AgCl. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the surface morphology and grain size were strongly influenced by the presence of Sn and/or Ag in the electrolyte bath. The band gaps of binaries and ternary compound are evaluated from optical absorption measurements. Band gap of Ag₈SnS₆ determined from transmittance spectra is in the range 1.56 eV. Flat-band potential and free carrier concentration have been determined from Mott–Schottky plot and are estimated to be around 0.18 V and 2.21×10¹⁴ cm⁻³ respectively. The photoelectrochemical test of Ag₈SnS₆ was studied and the experimental observations are discussed in detail.     

基于Windows平台的PC集群并行计算技术

介绍一种基于Windows系统平台的、用于实现高性能计算的PC机群并行环境,详细描述了它的体系结构及其构建中的关键技术;并结合一个实际系统的应用实例简单说明了其构建方法和在其环境中进行并行程序设计的基本过程。     

PCBN基体孕镶金刚石复合材料的制备与性能研究

在5~6 GPa、1400~1500℃、保温5 min的条件下,以立方氮化硼粉末、多种黏结剂、镀钛金刚石颗粒混合制备出金刚石复合材料。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、拉曼分析仪（Raman光谱）以及耐磨性、显微硬度的测试设备等,对材料的组织形貌、物相成分、界面结合情况、力学性能等进行分析。实验结果表明:金刚石颗粒良好地分布在立方氮化硼基体中,两者界面结合牢固;在界面处生成的TiB₂、TiC、AlN等陶瓷硬质相可提高复合材料的磨耗比、显微硬度、抗冲击韧性等物理力学特性。新材料的磨耗比相比于传统材料提高了37.64倍,维氏硬度大于40 GPa（加载力10 N）,致密度达97%以上,耐热性达到1148℃,相比于传统PDC复合片的耐热性提高了28%~64%。      

渤中凹陷深层砂砾岩气藏油气充注与储层致密化

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷砂砾岩储层致密化成因及其与晚期油气侵位的关系一直没有得到合理地解释。为此,以渤中凹陷西南部地区古近系砂砾岩气藏为研究对象,利用物性、热史、包裹体等分析资料,确定油气首次成藏时间、划分油气充注期次、恢复成藏期储层物性,进而模拟压实作用对储层的影响,并结合包裹体、铸体、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等实验手段明确油气侵位关系,分析石英加大、黏土矿物转化、碳酸盐胶结等关键致密化作用发生的序列,探究储层致密化作用机理及其与油气充注的关系。研究结果表明:①该区深层砂砾岩油气充注至少可分为3期,早期包裹体为重质油,晚期包裹体气油比高;②首次油气充注期为距今5Ma,储层埋深介于2500～2800m,以中孔、中渗储层为主,储集物性较好,成藏后盆地快速沉降、充填,上覆地层增加厚度超过1 000 m;③首次油气充注后砂砾岩进入成岩快速演化期,埋深介于2 500～3 200 m,是砂砾岩快速压实阶段,石英加大在油气充注后经历了两期强烈发育,减孔作用明显,压实减孔作用是储层致密化的重要机制;④埋深介于2 500～3 500 m为该区黏土矿物快速转化区间,花状及丝发状伊利石极其发育,对渗透率的大小产生了决定性的影响;⑤铁方解石及铁白云石沉淀于石英加大之后,使储层进一步致密化,以残余孔隙为主。结论认为,该区古近系砂砾岩气藏具有先成藏后致密的特点,尽管油气充注对储层成岩具有抑制作用,但后者仍然会导致储层的致密化。     

侵出式火山机构储层的分布模式——以伊通火山群为例

松辽盆地的侵出式火山机构中可赋存气藏，其储层特征明显有别于爆发式或喷溢式火山机构。为了明确侵出式火山机构的储层分布特征，以伊通火山群为例，根据野外露头调查、岩石组构特征、压氦法孔隙度测量和图像法宏观面缝率测量，分别对代表侵出式火山机构下部、中部和上部的西尖山火山、大孤山火山和东小山火山开展了储层分布模式分析，并讨论了柱状节理几何形态与裂缝密度和地层渗透性的关系。侵出式火山机构的储层为裂缝-孔隙型，发育丰富的冷凝收缩缝（柱状节理缝）、少量的气孔和杏仁孔以及微量的构造裂缝，具有低-中孔隙度、高渗透率的特征。受火山岩冷凝收缩作用和挥发份逸出作用控制，整个侵出式火山机构的储层可以通过柱状节理沟通。有利储层多分布在火山机构的顶部，厚度为数十米，中心相带的储层物性相对较好，向边部变差。整体上储层与地层的厚度比较小。针对未遭受剥蚀的侵出式火山机构，可采用揭示其火山中心相带上层的方法，而对于遭受剥蚀严重的侵出式火山机构，可采用揭示其翼部上层的方法寻找有利储层位置。     

基于Flex与ArcGIS Server的全景地质信息系统的设计与实现

针对目前网络地质研究局限于2维的现状,基于Flex、ArcGIS Server等关键技术设计并实现了REST式的兴城全景野外地质信息系统。应用结果表明:系统能够为地质研究人员提供露头-手标本尺度的地质构造、岩石组成和结构构造方面的信息,提高了研究效率;基于Flex的富客户端的应用程序执行速度快、功能丰富、交互性强。     

Limit requirements simulation of sundial solar tracking machine

Sundial solar tracking machines are machines that tracking the sun,and can promote sunshine receiving efficiency of solar panels.Their operations are strongly influenced by wind load.Previous studies w...     

Controlled growth of gold nanoparticles in zeolite L via ion-exchange reactions and thermal reduction processes

The growth of gold nanoparticles in zeolite can be controlled using ion-exchange reactions and thermal reduction processes. We produce a number of different sizes of the gold nanoparticles with the particle size increasing with increased temperature of the final heat treatment.