One-Dimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Mineral Classification from Raman Spectroscopy

Neural Processing Letters - Raman spectroscopy is often used for the composition determination and rapid classification of materials because it can reflect the molecular information of materials....     

Phenolic profiling reveals the metabolite basis of flesh colour and fresh-cut browning in apple fruit

Flesh colour, which is affected by cultivars and browning, can largely impact consumer acceptance in fresh-cut apples. The study profiled phenolic metabolites from apple flesh of twenty-three cultivars by widely targeted metabolomics. Comparison among white- and yellow-fleshed cultivars showed fifteen phenolics, mainly quercetin 3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, hesperetin 5-O-glucoside and cymaroside, in white-fleshed apples were significantly higher than those in yellow-fleshed apples. It may indicate a metabolite basis of yellow and white flesh colour, and better potential nutrition in white-fleshed apples. In addition, ten phenolic metabolites including five cyanidin glycosides showed significant differences between the highest and the lowest browning groups, indicating them may be crucial in browning of fresh-cut apple. This work elucidates the differences of phenolic profiles among apple cultivars with different flesh colour and provides useful data to evaluate the suitability of apple for fresh-cut processing.     

A novel method of shrimp blanching by CO2 heat pump: Quality,energy, and economy analysis

To reduce the energy consumption of the shrimp blanching process and improve the economic value of the blanched product, a transcritical CO₂ heat pump blanching system (THPB system) was designed in this paper. The trends of astaxanthin were investigated at atmospheric pressure near boiling temperature, combined with the color and structural properties of shrimp samples, and the optimal blanching times of 270 s and 240 s were obtained at 90°C and 95°C, respectively. In contrast to the fuel blanching system (FB system) at 100°C, the annual standard coal consumption of the THPB system with 90°C blanching is decreased by 79%, and the annual operating cost can be saved by CNY 63,800, with a payback period of about 3.13 years.Industrial relevanceBlanching is one of the effective ways to prolong the shelf life of shrimp. However, the research on the blanching time and temperature of shrimp is not comprehensive. In addition, the traditional fuel blanching process has high energy consumption and pollution, and can no longer meet the quality requirements of the modern food processing industry. Heat pump has been shown to have better performance in food drying, but it is less used in blanching. The information presented in this study may provide other insights into food processing.     

Performance of BaZrO3/Y2O3 dual-phase refractory applied to TiAl alloy melting

Vacuum induction melting is a potential process for the preparation of TiAl alloys with good homogeneity and low cost. But the crucial problem is a selection of high stability refractory. In this study, a BaZrO₃/Y₂O₃ dual-phase refractory was prepared and its performance for melting TiAl alloys was studied and compared with that of a Y₂O₃ refractory. The results showed the dual-phase refractory consisted of BaZr_1-xY_xO_3-δ and Y₂O₃(ZrO₂), exhibited a thinner interaction layer (30 μm) than the Y₂O₃ refractory (90 μm) after melting the TiAl alloy. Although the TiAl alloys melted in the dual-phase and Y₂O₃ refractory exhibited similar oxygen contamination (<0.1 wt%), the alloy melted in the dual-phase refractory had smaller Y₂O₃ inclusion content and size than that in the Y₂O₃ refractory, indicating that the dual-phase refractory exhibited a better melting performance than the Y₂O₃ refractory. This study provides insights into the process of designing highly stable refractory for melting TiAl alloys.     

Na2HPO4?12H2O相变储能复合材料制备及热物性

十二水磷酸氢二钠的过冷度、相分离以及热导率低等问题影响了其在低温蓄热场合的应用，因此需要对其进行相关的改性研究。本文通过成核剂和增稠剂的筛选实验及添加导热增强剂纳米氧化铁（α-Fe₂O₃），制备了质量分数为Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O+2% Na₄P₂O₇·10H₂O+1%黄原胶（GX）+0.2%α-Fe₂O₃复合相变储能材料，并对其进行了凝固放热测试、热物性测试及循环稳定性测试。结果表明：2%的Na₄P₂O₇·10H₂O抑制过冷效果最好，成核效果不随循环次数的增加而减小，过冷度维持在2℃左右；GX可以有效抑制Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O的相分离现象，且质量分数为0.75%～1.25%是较合适的剂量；α-Fe₂O₃可以有效地提高Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O的热导率，添加0.2%α-Fe₂O₃使热导率提高了90.8%；循环150次后，复合相变储能材料的相变潜热值为252J/g，相比于循环前衰减了7.4%，相变温度为35.4℃，过冷度为1.3℃，热导率为2.054W/(m·K)，相比纯材料提高了100.2%。改性后的复合相变储能材料相变温度适宜，潜热值大，热导率高，热性能稳定，可推广应用到热泵蓄热、温室生产和电子器件散热等领域。     

金针菇多糖对微冻大黄鱼及其鱼片品质变化的影响

为研究金针菇多糖（polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes，FVP）对微冻大黄鱼及鱼片在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白性质的变化及水分分布的影响，实验分别选用0.03、0.06、0.09 g/L FVP浸渍处理大黄鱼和鱼片，以无菌水处理为对照组，分析微冻贮藏期间样品的感官指标得分、总挥发性盐基氮含量、总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性、蛋白流变学性质以及水分迁移变化规律。结果表明：FVP可有效抑制整鱼总挥发性盐基氮含量上升和感官得分的下降；减缓整鱼及鱼片在微冻过程中总巯基含量、Ca2＋-ATPase活性下降和水分流失；此外FVP还能够延缓大黄鱼因腐败而出现的蛋白凝胶能力减弱。在本实验选取的多糖浓度范围内，0.09 g/L FVP处理组保鲜效果较强。该研究结果可为FVP用于水产品贮运保鲜提供理论参考。     

纳米TiO2流体表面改性及对真空闪蒸制冰的影响

利用电镜扫描法、紫外分光光度法及烘干称重法对纳米TiO₂流体的分散稳定性进行了综合评价，研究了表面活性剂种类及浓度对其分散稳定性的影响。将纳米TiO₂流体引入真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统，研究了纳米TiO₂浓度、表面活性剂浓度及对吸附作用下纳米TiO₂流体真空闪蒸制冰的影响。结果表明，表面活性剂类型对纳米TiO₂流体分散稳定性的影响很大，复合型的分散稳定性最佳，其次是阴离子型；纳米粒子及表面活性剂可以增强真空下纳米TiO₂流体的成核效果，增大含冰率，降低过冷度；表面活性剂浓度是影响真空闪蒸制冰系统压力及闪蒸率的重要因素，系统压力及闪蒸率均随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大；另外，确定了在吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰系统中使用纳米TiO₂流体的最佳条件。在最佳条件下，含冰率为18.35%，过冷度为0.51℃，热导率为0.920W/(m·K)，对比蒸馏水有较大改善。吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰可行性较高，制取冰浆效果优良。     

A Review of Ultrasonic Reflectometry for the Physical Characterization of Lubricated Tribological Contacts: History,Methods, Devices,and Technological Trends

Tribology Letters - The tribological behavior of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy treated by shot-peening has been investigated. Friction tests under three normal loads and three...     

优化特征提取的互动式人脸活体检测研究

针对人脸识别系统中出现的通过照片或视频“欺诈”解锁问题，提出一种活体检测方法，通过随机指令判断被检测对象是否为真人。利用HOG特征和随机森林算法对摄像头采集的图像进行人脸检测，预测脸部68个特征点位置，把68个特征点位置和脸部位置的相对位置归一化后作为姿态的特征，提取的姿态特征与SVM分类器相结合，训练出分类效果较好的头部姿态估计分类器。通过多次实验，对特征提取方法进行优化，进一步提高检测准确率。最后，使用随机互动式命令序列对被检测人发出指令，实现活体检测。该方法对头部姿态估计具有较高的鲁棒性，并且可以有效地防范照片和视频认证攻击。