光谱编码计算关联成像技术研究

现有的多光谱成像技术通常采用光学分光的方式，使用多个探测器对成像场景的光谱图像进行采集，导致现有成像系统复杂，数据量大、效率低。针对现有技术的不足，提出基于正交调制模式的光谱编码计算关联成像技术。通过正交光谱编码矩阵融合Hadamard基图案构造投影散斑对宽带光源进行调制，单像素探测器收集成像物体与调制光源相互作用后的反射信号；应用演化压缩技术复原成像物体的混叠光谱图像；利用编码矩阵的正交性质解码出欠采样的光谱分量图像，对分离出的图像应用组稀疏压缩感知算法重构全采样的光谱分量图像，最后融合出成像物体的多光谱图像。通过数值模拟与实验两方面验证了所提方法的高效性。所提的技术简化了多光谱关联成像系统，降低了数据量。光谱编码方法可以扩展到更多的光谱通道，也可以应用在偏振关联成像、信息加密等领域。     

采用温控和碘吸收池技术的发射激光稳频技术

多普勒测风激光雷达通过分析系统回波信号的多普勒频移反演出风速，为提高风场探测精度，从稳频技术方面展开研究。在稳频过程中，分别采取措施消除激光频率的长期漂移和短期抖动。针对激光频率的长期漂移，设计并研制了种子激光器温控箱，通过水浴的控温方式大大减小了激光频率的长期漂移，将激光频率稳定在±50 MHz以内；针对激光频率的短期抖动，采用以碘分子吸收池为核心器件的稳频系统，通过半导体控温方式对碘分子吸收池精确控温，控温精度达0.03 ℃，提高了稳频精度，将激光频率进一步稳定在±8 MHz以内，满足±10 MHz以内的设计精度要求。通过搭建多普勒测风激光雷达系统，对发射激光稳频装置进行系统验证，连续4组风场观测结果表明:系统探测高度为17 km，绝大部分方差在4 m/s以下，满足测风激光雷达测量指标的要求。     

Spatiotemporal Magnetocaloric Microenvironment for Guiding the Fate of Biodegradable Polymer Implants

The degradation behavior of implants is significantly important for bone repair. However, it is still unprocurable to spatiotemporally regulate the degradation of the implants to match bone ingrowth. In this paper, a magneto-controlled biodegradation model is established to explore the degradation behavior of magnetic scaffolds in a magnetothermal microenvironment generated by an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The results demonstrate that the scaffolds can be heated by magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) under AMF, which dramatically accelerated scaffold degradation. Especially, magnetic NPs modified by oleic acid with a better interface compatibility exhibit a greater heating efficiency to further facilitate the degradation. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the enhanced motion correlation between magnetic NPs and polymer matrix can accelerate the energy transfer. As a proof-of-concept, the feasibility of magneto-controlled degradation for implants is demonstrated, and an optimizing strategy for better heating efficiency of nanomaterials is provided, which may have great instructive significance for clinical medicine.     

Efficiency evaluation of healthcare services in China based on stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis and directional distance function

Evaluating the efficiency of healthcare services accurately can help in analyzing the rationality of inputs and outputs in such services. Considering the consistency and equity of assessment criteria, this study conducts the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA-2) with a directional distance function to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare services in 31 provincial administrative regions of mainland China, as observed in 2018. We use SMAA-DDF to explore all the projection directions to the efficient frontier instead of a certain projection direction. We measure the maximum and average efficiencies for each of the 31 provincial healthcare services. Our empirical findings show that only seven provinces achieve optimal healthcare service efficiency; the eastern area performed the best, followed by the central, western, and northeast areas. Furthermore, the path along the projection directions is provided to help inefficient provinces improve their efficiency and obtain the best possible positions.     

Pressure-less joining of alumina ceramics by the reaction-bonded aluminum oxide (RBAO) method

The present work demonstrates a pressure-less and reliable joining technique for alumina ceramics through a reaction-bonded aluminum oxide (RBAO) method. Effective joining relies on the RBAO mechanism, in which Al particles are converted to alumina through oxidation and bond with alumina particles from the parts to be joined upon sintering. Alumina ceramics in a green state were successfully joined with the use of an Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixture as an interlayer. The oxidation behavior of the Al particles was confirmed by thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses. Joining was performed in ambient air at 1650 °C for 2 h without applying any external pressure. Microstructural observations at the joining interfaces indicated a compact joining. The joining strengths were assessed by determining the biaxial strengths at room temperature, and the joined samples exhibited no fractures at the joining interfaces. Moreover, the joints had a strength of almost 100 % when compared with those of the parent alumina ceramics.     

Fabrication of Anticounterfeiting Nanocomposites with Multiple Security Features via Integration of a Photoresponsive Polymer and Upconverting Nanoparticles

Anticounterfeiting materials are used to distinguish real banknotes, products, and documents from counterfeits, fakes, or unauthorized replicas. However, conventional anticounterfeiting materials generally exhibit a single anticounterfeiting function, resulting in a low level of security. Herein, a novel anticounterfeiting nanocomposite is demonstrated with numerous prominent security features. The nanocomposite is fabricated by doping upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) in a photoresponsive azobenzene-containing polymer (azopolymer). Because of the cis–trans photoisomerization of the azopolymer, the nanocomposite exhibits photoinduced reversible color changes suitable for anticounterfeiting applications. Additionally, the hard nanocomposite can be converted to a rubber-like soft solid by light irradiation. Imprinted microstructures are fabricated on the photosoftened nanocomposite, which result in photonic colors. Moreover, polarization-dependent structures are fabricated on the nanocomposite via photoinduced orientation for encryption. Importantly, UCNPs in the nanocomposite emit visible light upon excitation by near-infrared light, enabling the observation of various anticounterfeiting structures with high contrast. An advantage of the anticounterfeiting nanocomposite is that the security features can be observed by the naked eye for quick discrimination and can be analyzed using laboratory equipment for higher accuracy. The anticounterfeiting nanocomposite is easily processed on paper, glass, and plastic, which demonstrates its potential anticounterfeiting functions for banknotes, wines, and medicines.     

Bond characteristics,vibrational spectrum and optimized microwave dielectric properties of chemically substituted NdNbO4

Coordination chemistry, bond state and vibrational spectrum of co-substituted microwave dielectric NdNb_1-x(Zr_0.5W_0.5)_xO₄ ceramics (x = 0.01∼0.05) were investigated. Raman spectra and XRD refinement showed a solid solution was formed. The compressed and elongated chemical bonds are responsible for the variations of crystal parameters and cell volume. Calculated chemical bond parameters indicated bond covalency, lattice energy and Nb-site bond energy act on the fluctuations of the permittivity, quality factor and temperature coefficient, respectively. Meanwhile, the infrared vibrational spectrum is fitted to quantify the contributions of observed IR mode to the intrinsic loss. Compact ceramic possesses excellent properties: ε_r ∼ 19.2, Q × f ∼ 55282 GHz and τ_f ∼ -11.36 ppm/°C with x = 0.04, at 1250°C.     

Structure and the enhanced ferromagnetism in single phase Sr4Fe5CoO13-δ ceramic

Oxides with superstructure have attracted special attention for their great tolerance in structure and composition regulation, which enables them to have great potential in energy conversion devices, electromagnetic regulation devices, spintronic devices, and so on. Here, we successfully prepared a superstructure oxide Sr₄Fe₅CoO_13-δ via combustion method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and soft X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) analysis suggest that Co dopant could improve the amount of oxygen vacancies in oxides. Unlike the thermal activated electrical conducting behavior of Sr₄Fe₆O_13-δ, Sr₄Fe₅CoO_13-δ demonstrates an electrical behavior in line with the Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model at low temperatures, implying the localization of electrons. Sr₄Fe₅CoO_13-δ shows a ferromagnetic property with a high Curie temperature of 771 K, which should be attributed to the new formed Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (D-M) interaction of Fe–O–Co, the increased lattice distortion and the increased amount of oxygen vacancies induced by Co dopant. These properties render it a broadened working temperature range and may contribute to explore high temperature spintronic devices.