基于升华和解析干燥结束点杨梅冻干工艺优化

以东魁杨梅为研究对象,利用自制在线测量系统,实时测量和采集杨梅在冷冻干燥过程中的重量和温度及其变化曲线,对采集的数据进行分析,再结合杨梅冻干制品的吸湿率变化,判断升华干燥时间终结点,根据样品中心温度变化率或重量变化率趋于零时判断为解析干燥结束点。研究结果表明,杨梅冻干工艺优化条件为:杨梅共晶点平均温度-20.5℃,共熔点平均温度-17.7℃,升华干燥阶段搁板温度-20.0℃,升华时间30.0h,解析干燥阶段搁板温度50.0℃。该条件下生产的冻干杨梅色泽为紫红色,形态完整,质密松脆,具有杨梅的浓郁气味,便于贮藏。     

阿片受体影响雄性睾酮分泌的外周机制研究

目的:研究阿片μ受体对雄性睾酮的影响和外周机制。方法:通过在体动物模型的睾丸内吗啡注射和离体培养睾丸组织的特异性μ受体拮抗剂和激动剂处理，检测血浆、培养基和睾丸匀浆睾酮水平、睾丸匀浆睾酮合成酶mRNA水平、睾丸匀浆胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果:睾丸内注射吗啡后血清睾酮水平下降［（722.11±121.02）vs. (346.91±75.31) pg/mL；t=7.898，P=0.001］，睾丸匀浆中的睾酮水平下降［（133.61±16.82）vs. (66.56±14.96) pg/mg总蛋白；t=8.941，P=0.001］，同时下调睾酮合成酶的表达；吗啡睾丸内注射显著降低睾丸内IGF1蛋白［（7.93±2.13）vs. (2.54±0.74) ng/mg总蛋白，t=7.155，P=0.001］和mRNA［（3.22±1.12） vs. (1.66±0.55)，t=3.751，P=0.001］的表达。睾丸体外培养模型中阿片μ受体特异性的激动剂（DAMGO）下调培养基的睾酮水平及睾丸匀浆合成酶、IGF1的表达；阿片μ受体抑制剂（CTOP）则上调睾酮水平及合成酶、IGF1的表达。结论:阿片类药物作用于睾丸Sertoli细胞（支持细胞）表面的阿片μ受体，抑制IGF1的合成，进而减少睾丸Leydig细胞（间质细胞）睾酮合成酶Scarb1（清道夫受体B1）、Star（类固醇合成快速调节蛋白）、3βHsd（3-羟基-5类固醇脱氢酶）、Cyp17α1（17α-羟化酶）和17βHsd（17β羟基固醇脱氢酶）的表达，最终导致睾酮合成减少。     

重金属污染土壤回转窑协同处置和资源化利用

在中国，土壤中的重金属污染问题形势严峻，本文探索了一条采用先将重金属污染土壤中铅、镉、铜、锌固定再利用回转窑协同处置并资源化利用的技术途径。实验发现：添加适量的凹土及稳定化试剂并经稳定化处理以后，可以实现污染土壤由危险废物向一般固废的转变；进一步将稳定化处理后的土壤采用回转窑深度加工、能生产得到安全指标和产品性能合格的陶粒。经过优化实验方案后的结果显示，在铅、镉、铜、锌等重金属初始含量（上限）为2280mg/kg、592mg/kg、2000mg/kg、93400mg/kg的污染土壤添加4%的凹土（质量分数）及其他辅助材料后稳定化48h，上述重金属的可溶态检出量分别降低了50%、66%、59%、52%，经治理后的土壤可以转变为一般固废。用这种固定化处理后的土壤可以生产出合格的陶粒，而且在陶粒生产过程中逸散排放的铅、镉含量均低于大气污染物排放限制要求。     

Estimating the system efficiency of the multifunctional hydrogen complex at nuclear power plants

The paper deals with the primary current frequency regulation in the energy system (ES) as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units (PUs) under the conditions of involvement into the primary regulation. According to these requirements, NPP operation is related to the unloading and corresponding decrease in efficiency. It has been shown in this connection that combining NPP with a hydrogen complex (HEC) allows excluding the inefficient unloading mode. This enables the steam turbine and reactor equipment to operate in the basic mode at nominal power level. Besides, the conditions for producing and storing hydrogen and oxygen during the day as well as additionally during the night-time of off-peak electrical load may be created, which allows using them for generating peak power.In the paper, the systemic economic benefit as a result of involving NPP combined with HEC into primary regulation of the current frequency in ES with allowance for expending resources for the main equipment has been estimated. In this regard, the paper gives grounds for cyclic loadings of HEC main equipment including metal tanks for storing hydrogen and oxygen, compressors, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber (HOCC) for hydrogen-steam superheating of the actuating medium in the NPP steam turbine cycle. Methodological grounds for evaluating the equipment endurance under cyclic loading with involving into the primary frequency regulation by the criterion of the fatigue crack growth rate are described. It has been shown that in terms of HEC equipment, the highest load intensity occurs in HOCC due to high thermal stresses.Also, the systemic economic benefit has been estimated, and the impact of the equipment deterioration under conditions of cyclic loading has been demonstrated. It is shown that when combining NPP PUs with HEC, the efficiency of primary regulation may significantly depend on such factors as the cost of equipment exposed to cyclic loads, the frequency and intensity of cyclic loads, and the relation between the peak electricity tariff and the cost price of electric energy produced by NPP.It has been shown on the basis of novel methods for estimating the efficiency of involving NPP with HEC into the primary frequency regulation with allowance for damage to the equipment, that the use of HEC may provide a considerable economic benefit, as compared to the version of NPP unloading when involving directly into frequency regulation.     

Structural engineering of hierarchically hetestructured Mo2C/Co conformally embedded in carbon for efficient water splitting

Developing low-cost and high efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline electrolyte toward overall water splitting is still a significant challenge. Here, a novel hierarchically heterostructured catalyst composed of ultrasmall Mo₂C and metallic Co nanoparticles confined within a carbon layer is produced by a facile phase separation strategy. During thermal reduction of CoMoO₄ nanosheets in CO ambient, in-situ generated nanoscale Co and ultrafine Mo₂C conformally encapsulated in a conductive carbon layer. In addition, some carbon nanotubes catalyzed by Co nanoparticles vertically grew on its surface, creating 3D interconnected electron channels. More importantly, the integrated C@Mo₂C/Co nanosheets assembled into the hierarchical architecture, providing abundant active surface and retaining the structural integrity. Benefiting from such unique structure, the constructed hierarchical heterostructure shows low overpotentials of 280 mV and 145 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² for OER and HER in an alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, the symmetrical electrolyzer assembled with catalyst exhibits a small cell voltage of 1.67 V at 10 mA cm⁻² in addition to outstanding durability, demonstrating the great potential as a high efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.     

Three-dimensional Ni2P–MoP2 mesoporous nanorods array as self-standing electrocatalyst for highly efficient hydrogen evolution

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via the splitting of water has required electrocatalysts with cost-effectiveness, environmentally friendliness, high catalytic activity, and superior stability to meet the hydrogen economy in future. In this context, we report the successful synthesis of self-standing mesoporous Ni₂P–MoP₂ nanorod arrays on nickel foam (Ni₂P–MoP₂ NRs/3D-NF) through an effective phosphidization of the corresponding NiMoO₄ NRs/3D-NF. The as-synthesis Ni₂P–MoP₂ NRs/3D-NF, as an efficient HER electrocatalyst, exhibits small overpotential of 82.2 and 124.7 mV to reach current density of 10 and 50 mA cm⁻², a low Tafel slope of 52.9 mV dec⁻¹ and it retains its catalytic performance for at least 20 h in alkaline condition. Our work also offers a new strategy in designing and using transition metal phosphide-based 3D nanoarrays catalysts with enhanced catalytic efficiency for mass production of hydrogen fuels.     

Cold sintering assisted CaF2 microwave dielectric ceramics for C-band antenna applications

A cold sintering process is adopted to pre-densify CaF₂ ceramics from 85.7% at 300 MPa to 91.7% at 750 MPa. Subsequent post-annealings at 1000–1150 °C lead to further improvements in densification, where great enhancements of grain size and crystallinity are also observed from the scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Significant advances in Qf values are achieved in the post-annealed CaF₂ ceramics. The optimum Qf value (80,522 GHz) is achieved after cold sintering at 750 MPa and post-annealing at 1000 °C, which is three times higher than the conventional sintered one at 1000 °C (26,448 GHz). Moreover, the obtained low-ε_r (5.9–6.5) of CaF₂ ceramics suggests broad application prospects in the high-band microwave communications. A microstrip patch antenna is fabricated using the CaF₂ ceramics as the substrate, which operates at 7.89 GHz in the C-band, with an S₁₁ of ?13.4 dB, simulated high gain and efficiency of 6.41 dBi and ?0.56 dB, respectively.     

温州输水钢管应用阴极保护技术的效应分析

介绍了温州水务集团在供水工程中应用阴极保护的工程实例，分析了新建工程阴极保护施工过程中遇到的典型问题，并对已建工程进行回访抽查，通过数据验证了阴极保护的效果，并对阴极保护涉及的关键问题进行了总结。     

行车荷载下大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖舒适度评价

收集了国内外对钢筋混凝土大跨度楼盖舒适度的评价标准,采用时程分析方法,对瑞安客运中心停车站房的一块大跨度钢筋混凝土楼盖在汽车行驶荷载作用下的动力反应和最大加速度进行了有限元分析和舒适度评价,讨论了汽车荷载作用位置和行驶速度对舒适度的影响。