高稳高效海上风电安装平台关键制造技术研究

海上风电作为可再生清洁能源之一,受到世界各国的高度重视与大力发展。我国将海上风电提升至解决能源危机、减缓气候变化、调整能源结构的国家战略高度,到2030年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降65%以上,非化石能源占一次能源消费比重将达到25%左右。安装平台不足将是我国海上风电场无法如期建成投产的主要障碍。对自升自航式海上风电安装平台系列高端装备及其设计制造的三大技术难题——腿站立作业易“失稳”、大平台大跨距大倾覆力矩自升易“失控”、高空吊装巨型叶片逾百螺栓精准定位易“失准”,以及焊缝缺陷修复和局部裂纹损伤的激光锻造修复再制造进行了介绍,研制的具有不同规格的系列装备在中国、英国、丹麦、德国等国家的著名海上风电场建设应用情况良好。     

Reference guided image super-resolution via efficient dense warping and adaptive fusion

Due to the limited improvement of single-image based super-resolution (SR) methods in recent years, the reference based image SR (RefSR) methods, which super-resolve the low-resolution (LR) input with the guidance of similar high-resolution (HR) reference images are emerging. There are two main challenges in RefSR, i.e. reference image warping and exploring the guidance information from the warped references. For reference warping, we propose an efficient dense warping method to deal with large displacements, which is much faster than traditional patch (or texture) matching strategy. For the SR process, since different reference images complement each other, and have different similarities with the LR image, we further propose a similarity based feature fusion strategy to take advantage of the most similar reference regions. The SR process is realized by an encoder–decoder network and trained with pixel-level reconstruction loss, degradation loss and feature-level perceptual loss. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art SR methods in both subjective and objective measurements.     

Effects of the joining process on the microstructure and properties of liquid-phase-sintered SiC-SiC joints formed with Ti foil

The joining of liquid-phase sintered SiC (LPS-SiC) ceramics was conducted using spark plasma sintering (SPS), through solid state diffusion bonding, with Ti-metal foil as a joining interlayer. Samples were joined at 1400 °C, under applied pressures of either 10 or 30 MPa, and with different atmospheres (argon, Ar, vs. vacuum). It was demonstrated that the shear strength of the joints increased with an increase in the applied joining pressure. The joining atmosphere also affected on both the microstructure and shear strength of the SiC joints. The composition and microstructure of the interlayer were examined to understand the mechanism. As a result, a SiC-SiC joining with a good mechanical performance could be achieved under an Ar environment, which in turn could provide a cost-effective approach and greatly widen the applications of SiC ceramic components with complex shape.     

高性能硅和铌酸锂异质集成薄膜电光调制器 （特邀）

硅基光子集成平台因其高集成度、CMOS工艺兼容性等特点在光通信领域受到了广泛的关注，而电光调制器作为光通信系统中最为重要的器件之一，承担着将电信号加载至光信号上的关键作用，为打破硅基调制器的性能限制，可利用硅和铌酸锂的大面积键合技术以及铌酸锂低损耗波导刻蚀技术实现高性能硅和铌酸锂异质集成薄膜电光调制器，目前该类调制器的性能可达半波电压3 V，3 dB电光带宽超过70 GHz，插入损耗小于1.8 dB, 消光比大于40 dB。文中对比了硅和铌酸锂异质集成调制器的研究现状并介绍了该异质集成薄膜调制器的结构设计与工艺实现方法。     

不同细颗粒含量甲烷水合物沉积物三轴剪切试验研究

海域试开采区域含水合物沉积物的粒度分析结果表明水合物沉积物骨架由粗、细颗粒混合构成,通过开展多组低温、高压三轴排水剪切试验研究细颗粒含量和密度对含甲烷水合物沉积物和无水合物沉积物的强度和变形特性的影响。试验结果表明,含水合物沉积物抗剪强度及剪胀性都随细粒含量提高而显著增强。这是由于细颗粒含量增加改变了颗粒间水合物的样貌和分布特征,形成了由水合物包裹着粗颗粒-细颗粒的团簇状集合体。然而,细颗粒含量对无水合物沉积物的强度和变形特性的影响却表现出相反趋势。另外,含水合物沉积物的剪胀关系可以使用修正剑桥模型中的剪胀关系式进行描述。结果表明,剪胀关系的拟合曲线依赖于水合物饱和度的大小。通过对比研究发现,天然水合物和实验室合成水合物试样在较高饱和度时的峰值摩擦角大小及其伴随水合物饱和度的增长趋势存在差异,这种差异主要来源于水合物在沉积物骨架颗粒孔隙中不同的赋存模式及分布特征。     

Facile self-assembly approach to construct a novel MXene-decorated nano-sized phase change material emulsion for thermal energy storage

In recent years, phase change material emulsions (PCMEs) with enhanced energy storage capacities and good flow characteristics have drawn significant attention. However, due to the thermodynamically unstable nature and tiny particle confinement, the nanomaterial modification strategies at PCM/water interface to improve stabilities and reduce supercooling of nano-sized PCMEs (NPCMEs) are very limited and challenging. Herein, we report a facile strategy for constructing MXene-decorated NPCME with good stability, little supercooling, and high thermal conductivity by self-assembly of MXene nanosheets at PCM/water interface. The concentrations of MXene have great influences on the average droplet diameters, stabilities, and thermophysical properties of the NPCMEs. The results show that the PCMs have been well dispersed into the water in the form of quasi-spherical droplets, with average droplet diameters of 242–805 nm. The thermal conductivity of 10 wt% n-tetradecane/water NPCME containing 9 mg ml^-1 MXene is 0.693 W m^-1·K^-1, achieving an enhancement by 15.5%, as compared to that of water. Besides, the MXene-decorated paraffin/water NPCMEs exhibit little supercooling and enhanced heat storage capacities. More importantly, this facile self-assembly strategy opens a new platform for preparing high-performance NPCMEs, which can be used as novel heat transfer fluids for thermal energy storage systems.     

Ferulic acid and EGCG alter the structural characteristics of ovalbumin and its application in mineral loading

This study aims to fabricate mineral-loading nanocarriers using natural materials. The interaction patterns between ovalbumin (OVA) and four water-soluble polyphenols, namely ferulic acid (FA), (-)-Epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and epicatechin (EC), were investigated. Results showed that the optimised conditions for preparing stable OVA–polyphenol complexes are at the OVA–polyphenol ratio of 4:1 at pH 6, under which OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG showed the highest stability and mineral-loading capacity among four OVA–polyphenol complexes. The fluorescence results indicated that the addition of EGCG and FA induced a significant fluorescence quenching to OVA. The interaction between OVA and polyphenols involved hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that both FA and EGCG enhanced the stability and orderliness of the structure of OVA. The transmission electron microscopy images also exhibited the spherical structure of OVA after the addition of FA and EGCG. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectrum results suggested that OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG complexes were better mineral carriers than OVA–GA and OVA–EC. This study may serve as the theoretical support for the promising application of OVA in the fabrication of mineral-loading nanocarriers in functional food and pharmaceutic.     

Step-scheme perylenediimide supramolecular nanosheet and TiO2 nanoparticle composites for boosted water splitting performance

Adjusting the band gap of organic-inorganic composites by chemical bonding can effectively construct Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions, featuring properties of fast photogenerated charge migration and excellent photocatalytic performance. In this work, a novel perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylicdiimide (PDI)-titanium dioxide (TiO₂) heterojunction is elaborately synthesized through simple solvent compounding method. The monodispersed spherical TiO₂ nanoparticles was prepared with the capping agents of oleylamine and oleic acid, and suffered by a ligand exchange process with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF₄) to remove oleylamine and oleic acid. The NOBF₄ ligands were further replaced by PDI super molecular nanosheets to obtain two dimensional (2D)-zero dimensional (0D) PDI-TiO₂ composites. TiO₂ nanoparticles are evenly anchored on the surface of PDI nanosheets with intimate contact. The PDI-TiO₂ composites has emerged considerably superior activity in hydrogen evolution. The highest hydrogen evolution rate for PDI-TiO₂composites with the PDI weight percentage of 2.4% was 9766 μmol h^?1 g^?1 under solar light irradiation, which is 2.56 times of TiO₂-NOBF₄ catalyst. Moreover, PDI-TiO₂ composites possess stoichiometric overall water splitting performance with H₂ and O₂ release rates of 238.20 and 114.18 μmol h^?1 g^?1. The superior photocatalytic performance of PDI-TiO₂ composites can be attributed to the dramatic increase in visible and NIR light absorption caused by π-π stacking structure of PDI, the prevented charge recombination by the S-scheme heterojunction, and the enhanced oxygen evolution by the stronger oxidation capability of PDI. PDI supramolecular nanosheets may work as a novel functional support for many types of semiconductor nanomaterials as graphene, which will display a wide range of application prospects in the energy and environmental fields.     

高强中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能试验研究

针对应用高强钢与超高强混凝土的中空夹层钢管混凝土柱，开展了轴心受压柱的标准耐火试验，得到了不同截面形状、边界条件、涂料厚度、荷载比条件下该柱的耐火极限，提出了表征柱耐火性能的延性指标，探讨了高强柱与普通柱耐火性能的差异。试验结果表明:高强中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的受火时间-位移响应与普通柱相似，受火前期膨胀而后期压缩变形进一步增大达到耐火极限。参数分析表明:相同条件下，应用高强钢的中空夹层柱其耐火极限低于应用普通钢的中空夹层柱，而应用超高强混凝土的中空夹层柱其耐火极限则高于应用普通或高强混凝土的中空夹层柱。此外，该文分别基于欧洲规范4中轴心受压柱和压弯构件的常温承载力计算模型，运用材料高温力学参数，计算了该柱高温屈曲承载力与耐火极限，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。