Advances of biological-camouflaged nanoparticles delivery system

Nanoparticles (NPs) which are innovation and research focus in drug delivery systems, still have some disadvantages limiting its application in clinical use, such as short circulation time, recognition and clearance by reticuloendothelial system (RES) and passive targeting in certain organs. However, the recent combination of natural components and nanotechnology has offered new solutions to address these problems. A novel biomimetic platform consisting of nanoparticle core and membrane shell, such as cell membrane, exosome or vesicle vastly improves properties of nanoparticles. These coated nanoparticles can replicate the unique functions of the membrane, such as prolonged blood circulation, active targeting capability and enhanced internalization. In this review, we focus on the newest development of biological-camouflaged nanoparticles and mainly introduce its application related to cancer therapy and toll-like receptor.

     

Improving the luminescence and afterglow properties of Mg3Y2Ge3O12:Cr3+ by co-doping Bi3+

Generally, the emission intensity and afterglow of the near infrared phosphors can be improved by co-doping the sensitizer. In this work, Bi³⁺ ions as sensitizer are introduced into the near infrared phosphor Mg₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺, and the luminescence properties are investigated. According to the principle of radius adaptation, Bi³⁺ ions would occupy eight coordinates in the host instead of Y³⁺ and Mg²⁺. Through structural refinement, theoretical calculation and experimental phenomena, there are two kinds of luminescent sources for Bi³⁺ ions, which come from ³P₁ → ¹S₀ (441 nm) and MMCT (330 nm), respectively. In addition, the substitution of Bi³⁺ for Mg²⁺ will result in inequivalent substitution forming defects (Bi_Mg·), and the trap depth is 0.55 eV. For Bi³⁺ and Cr³⁺ co-doped Mg₃Y₂Ge₃O₁₂, there are two factors can that can affect the luminescent properties of Cr, which are energy transfer and defects. The samples are obtained with three times the original emission intensity with the introduction of defects. At the same time, Bi³⁺ ions capture electrons to form new electron traps Bi²⁺ (Bi³⁺ + e^-) and the trap depth is 0.81 eV. Therefore, under the action of two traps Bi_Mg· and Bi²⁺ (Bi³⁺ + e^-), the afterglow characteristics of the samples are improved and the time can reach 1.5 h.     

Structural,optical and temperature dependent photoluminescence properties of Cr3+-activated LaGaO3 persistent phosphor for optical thermometry

Cr³⁺ doped LaGaO₃ phosphor was prepared by hydrothermal reaction method with post-annealing treatment. XRD pattern showed the pure orthorhombic phase of LaGaO₃ at an annealing temperature of 1000 °C. TEM image showed the particles in the range 40-120 nm. The bandgap energy and Urbach tail increased in the doped sample as compared to the undoped sample as estimated from UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. PL excitation spectra showed peaks in UV, blue and orange regions. The emission spectra showed broadband with peaks in the NIR region due to emission from ⁴T₂ and ²E states. The intermediate strength of the crystal field has been calculated from the estimated spectroscopic parameter. The average lifetime was found to be in the ms range. Afterglow decay was also recorded. From the low-temperature PL, the zero phonon line, stokes shift energy, vibrational energy and Huang-Rhys parameter were calculated. With rising the temperature, PL emission peak intensity and lifetime values decreased and FWHM increased because of increased numbers of electrons in ⁴T₂ state and increasing non-radiative transition. Temperature-dependent peak intensity ratios and lifetime values were utilized for temperature sensing applications in below room temperature and above room temperature. The results indicate the possibility of present phosphor to be used as optical nanothermometer.     

Luminescence and energy transfer of color-tunable Lu_2MgAl_4SiO_(12):Eu~(2+),Ce~(3+),Mn~(2+) phosphors

Energy transfer among the co-doped activators is an efficient route to achieve color-tunable emission in inorganic phosphors.Herein,photoluminescence tuning from blue to cyan has been achieved in the Lu_2MgAl_4 SiO_(12);Eu~(2+),Ce~(3+)phosphors by varying the Ce~(3+) concentration with a fixed Eu~(2+)content.With the further introduction of a Mn~(2+)-Si4+couple into the host lattice,the emission color can be tuned to red through the energy transfer of Eu~(2+)and Mn~(2+).The luminescence properties and the energy transfer mechanism were studied in detail.The energy transfer from Eu~(2+)to Ce~(3+)is certified as a dipolequadrupole interaction with the energy transfer efficiency of 41.4% and Eu~(2+)to Mn~(2+)belongs to a dipole-dipole interaction with the energy transfer efficiency of 94.3%.The results imply that this singlephased Lu_2MgAl4 SiO_(12):Eu~(2+),Ce~(3+),Mn~(2+)phosphor has a potential prospect for application in near-UV chip pumped white light emitting diodes.     

Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of high-efficient color-tunable Ba3Y2B6O15: Ce3+, Tb3+ phosphors

High-efficient Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped Ba₃Y₂B₆O₁₅ phosphors with multi color-emitting were firstly prepared, and their structural and luminescent properties were studied by XRD Rietveld refinement, emission/excitation spectra, fluorescence lifetimes as well as temperature-variable emission spectra. Upon 365?nm excitation, the characteristic blue Ce³⁺ band along with green Tb³⁺ peaks were simultaneously found in the emission spectra. Moreover, by increasing concentration of Tb³⁺, a blue-to-green tunable emitting color could be realized by effective Ce³⁺→Tb³⁺ energy transfer. Furthermore, all Ba₃Y₂B₆O₁₅: Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ phosphors exhibit high internal quantum efficiency of ~?90%, while the temperature-variable emission spectra reveal that the phosphors possess impressive color stability as well as good thermal stability (T₅₀ =?~?120?°C). The results indicate that these efficient color-tuning Ba₃Y₂B₆O₁₅: Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺ might be candidate as converted phosphor for UV-excited light-emitting diodes.     

Enable high reversibility of Fe/Cu based fluoride conversion batteries via interfacial gas release and detergency of garnet electrolytes

Garnet-type Ta-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZTO) electrolyte suffers from unstable chemical passivation under air exposure, responsible for the poor interfacial wettability and conductivity with Li metal. Instead of conventional methods to remove surface contaminants by mechanical polishing, acid etching and high temperature reduction, herein we propose a simple strategy of interfacial gas release and detergency to smartly convert Li₂CO₃ passivation layer into ion-conductive Li₃PO₄ domains at mild temperature (∼200 ℃). The in-situ formation of PH₃ vapor and its phosphorization enables a dramatic decrease of Li/garnet interfacial resistance down to 2 Ω cm² at room temperature (RT). The improved interfacial wettability and conductivity endow the symmetric cells with ultra-stable galvanostatic cycling over 1500 h and high critical current density of 2.6 mA/cm². The high coulombic efficiency of Li plating enables a high reversibility of solid-state NCM811/Li cells even under a low N/P ratio (∼4) and high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V at RT. The prototype of fluoride-garnet solid-state batteries are successfully driven as rechargeable system (rather than widely known primary battery) with high conversion capacity (400 ∼ 500 mAh/g) and high-rate performance (251.2 mAh/g at 3 C). This interface infiltration-detergency approach provides a practical solution to the achievement of high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries.     

三相逆变器幅值可控的小波PWM技术

三相逆变器的小波PWM具有总谐波含量低、直流电压利用率高、易于数字化实现等优点,但其无法在三相逆变器上实现对输出电压幅值的控制,这使得小波PWM的应用受到限制。为此,在单相逆变器幅值可控的小波PWM技术基础上,在三相逆变器的小波PWM中同样引入了一个调制度变量,使它在保持原有优点的基础上增加了输出电压可调的特性。分析了三相逆变器幅值可控的小波PWM的机理,并进行了仿真和实验研究,结果证明了机理的正确性,为三相逆变器小波PWM的广泛应用提供了基础。     

起爆环半径对多定向破片战斗部参数的影响

起爆方式对爆炸成型多定向破片（MDF）战斗部的形成过程和形态具有重要影响。在深刻理解MDF战斗部爆炸成型机理的基础上,通过对药型罩由切割网栅形成多个破片过程的仿真和爆轰波作用理论分析,研究了环起爆方式下起爆环半径对MDF战斗部参数的影响。研究表明：随着起爆环半径的增加,切割药型罩形成的MDF头部破片速度随之增大,但破片的剩余质量将会减小,而破片的发散角则随起爆环半径的增加呈现先增大再减小的趋势;对于特定的MDF战斗部,当起爆环半径在8～12 mm时,破片的侵彻能力和对目标的毁伤作用效果最好。