Evaluation of particle recovery from microalgae

Coccoliths are micro-structured biomineral particles found in cell protective covering layers of coccolithophore species. They are mainly composed of CaCO₃ and their individual crystal entities are arranged in such a way that they construct complex and unique structures. This complexity is found down to the individual particle level and appears to have promising properties to offer. This study focuses on the essential step prior to any kind of implementation, which is the recovery of the material. It summarizes cleaning protocols found in literature, compares them for the first time for the same freshly cultivated material and addresses challenges that still need to be overcome. Further, it highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the best cleaning protocols, suggests optimizations with promising results and uses size distribution measurements to analyse the recovery efficiency. To that end, further characterization techniques, new for coccoliths, are introduced and used to improve our current knowledge of the particles behaviour.     

Effect of introduction of TiO2 and GeO2 oxides on thermal stability and 2 μm luminescence properties of tellurite glasses

In this paper, Tm³⁺ doped pure tellurite glass, TiO₂ modified tellurite glass and TiO₂/GeO₂ co-modified tellurite glasses were prepared. The effects of the introduction of TiO₂ and GeO₂ oxides on the thermal, structural, optical properties of tellurite glasses were compared and analyzed intensively. Besides, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and absorption and emission cross sections were calculated. DTA curves indicated the thermal stability of pure tellurite glass enhance obviously by GeO₂ modification. The introduction of TiO₂ and GeO₂ oxides in tellurite glasses arise a series of variation on the absorbance, luminescence peak position and fluorescence intensity which have been explained and analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis, the addition of TiO₂ in tellurite glass contributes to the improvement of 2 μm fluorescence performance, and the introduction of GeO₂ has great advantages in enhancing the thermal stability of glass.     

认知双向中继网络在κ-μ衰落信道下的中断性能分析

针对认知双向中继网络在进行数据传输时面临的复杂无线信道场景问题,采用广义κ-μ分布构建认知双向中继网络中的视距和非视距无线传输信道,推导次网络在κ-μ衰落信道下的统一中断概率,并分析次网络在多种单一和混合衰落信道情况下的中断性能。仿真结果表明,无线信道的衰落程度对次网络的中断概率影响显著,依据衰落信道类型合理设置网络参数将有助于提升次网络中断性能。     

基于RFID的远程物资管理系统

提出了基于RFID技术的远程物资管理系统,并对其进行分析与设计。     

The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

神经网络分数阶PI~μD~λ在压电叠堆控制中的应用

为了克服压电叠堆的迟滞特性,实现压电叠堆的精确控制,建立了压电叠堆控制系统,研究了该系统所用到的神经网络、分数阶微积分等算法。首先,搭建了采集压电叠堆位移数据的硬件系统,并对含有噪声的位移数据进行了滤波处理;利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对压电叠堆建模,得到了模型参数。然后,利用RBF神经网络建模得到的Jacobain信息来整定分数阶PI~μD~λ控制器中的参数对压电叠堆进行控制。最后,与RBF整数阶PID对压电叠堆的控制效果进行了对比。结果显示:RBF建模误差仅为位移实测数据的0.22%,RBF神经网络分数阶PIμDλ控制系统输出稳定,很好地跟随了给定。得到的结果表明RBF神经网络分数阶PI~μD~λ控制器控制性能良好,在压电叠堆的控制中比RBF整数阶PID控制器表现得更加稳定、精确。     

Simultaneous Control of Birefringence and Warpage for Thermoplastic Optical Lenses Fabricated Using Microinjection Molding

Achieving tight tolerances for multiple properties of a single product becomes a key issue. This study presents an investigation on birefringence and warpage of thermoplastic lenses prepared using microinjection molding, aiming to identify the significant factors, and simultaneously control both properties for optical applications. The birefringence along the flow changed more drastically than that in the cross-flow direction. Meanwhile, two warpage shapes of the lenses could be observed and their formation mechanisms were discussed. The simultaneous control of both properties was accomplished through multi-objective optimization using the desirability function approach. Finally, the optimal processing parameters were obtained and experimentally verified.     

基于ARM和μC/OS-Ⅱ的车载定位终端的设计

针对当前车载定位终端数据交互实时性差以及程序运行不稳定的问题提出了一种基于ARM处理器和uC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统的车载定位终端的设计方案.在32位高速ARM处理器上移植并应用基于优先级的抢占式实时多任务嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ以实现数据交互的高实时性和运行的可靠性,满足车载定位终端对数据处理速度以及可靠性的要求.     

基于STM32的工业通用控制器的研究与实现

设计的基于嵌入式微处理器、可组态的工业通用控制器支持以控制系统图形化编程为基础的过程控制。在论述控制器硬件整体架构的基础上,详细分析了软件设计中,组态序列解析方法、多任务之间的同步及通信协议状态转换等影响系统实时性和鲁棒性的因素,并提出有效的解决方法。