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1.
牦牛肉分别经200、400、600 MPa超高压处理480 s,测定4°C条件下贮藏0、4、8、12、16 d后感官、pH、微生物、色泽、蛋白质与脂质氧化情况,以探讨超高压处理对牦牛肉贮藏期内品质的影响。结果表明:超高压处理可以显著降低贮藏期内牦牛肉的菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮含量(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)(P<0.05),延长保质期,且经贮藏4~8 d后能良好保持牦牛肉的感官品质。经超高压处理后牦牛肉L*值、b*值显著增大(P<0.05),a*值在400 MPa时显著增大(P<0.05)并在贮藏期内维持在最高水平,且400 MPa组各类肌红蛋白(Myoglobin, Mb)含量也表现出良好的肉色稳定性,但a*值在其他压力处理后显著减小(P<0.05)。但经超高压处理后牦牛肉肌原纤维蛋白(Myofibrillar Protein, MP)羰基含量与表面疏水性增高、巯基含量降低,TBARS值升高。Pearson相关性分析结果也表示超高压处理后牦牛肉品质的变化与压力、蛋白质氧化、脂质氧化和微生物相关(P<0.05...  相似文献   
2.
牛肉因其营养价值高而成为消费者饮食中重要的组成之一,近年来,牛肉掺假的问题纷至沓来。随着分析技术的不断发展,鉴别牛肉掺假的质谱、酶联免疫、基因、传感器、光谱等技术也得到发展。质谱技术准确性高,适用于鉴别经过深加工后的牛肉或物种相近的牛肉,但设备昂贵;酶联免疫吸附技术成本低、特异性强,适用于鉴别肉类种类来源,但鉴别相近物种时结果易发生假阳性;基因技术中基因芯片技术检测速度快可大规模地检测牛肉样品,但存在芯片标准化等问题;传感器技术操作简单适用于牛肉品种判别但准确度低需与其他技术相结合提高其准确度;光谱技术检测快速,但需要复杂的数据作为支撑。综上,本文分析了目前牛肉掺假鉴别技术的原理及优缺点,旨在为牛肉掺假鉴别技术的发展提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
为探究D-α-生育酚醋酸酯复配物对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的改善作用,通过测定天然油脂复配物+植物甾醇组(VEO组)、D-α-生育酚醋酸酯+植物甾醇复配组(VEZ组)、D-α-生育酚醋酸酯+植物甾醇+虾青素复配组(VEX组)的体外抗氧化能力,并采用小鼠颈背注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,同时用不同复配物进行干预。结果表明,三组复配物均有较强的抗氧化作用,其中VEZ组的体外抗氧化效果较佳;与衰老模型小鼠相比,经三组复配物干预后,小鼠体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)升高,丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)生成量下降(P<0.01),血清中炎症因子白介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)和肝功能指标谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Aspartate ami...  相似文献   
4.
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease.Although there are a variety of treatments for RA,the substantial clinical therapies are still limited to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARD),which would induce obvious side-effect in patients after long-term administration.Herein,an uncomplicated drug-induced self-assembly strategy was proposed to fabricate enzyme-loaded albumin nanomedicine.The hydrophobic drug methotrexate(MTX)could induce self-assembly of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and human serum albumin(HSA)to form HSA-SOD-MTX nanoparticle.After intravenous injection,dual-modal imaging including fluorescence imaging or single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/CT imaging exhibits high accumulation of cyanine 5.5(Cy5.5)or 125l labeled HSA-SOD-MTX nanoparticles in the joints of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice.Importantly,using the synergy therapy of SOD enzyme to scavenge the reactive oxygen species(ROS)and MTX to suppress inflammation,HSA-SOD-MTX nanoparticles exhibit excellent therapeutic efficiency of RA in CIA mice compared with the other groups.Micro-CT and clinical arthritis score of RA mice further demonstrate that RA symptoms of mice treated with HSA-SOD-MTX nanoparticles is significantly relived,which was further demonstrated by the histological analysis and the inflammatory factors measurement.The synergy therapy of inflammation by MTX and SOD enzyme based on HSA-SOD-MTX nanoparticles show excellent therapeutic effects of RA without inducing obvious side effects.Therefore,our strategy may further promote the highly efficient therapy of RA using SOD enzyme to scavenge the ROS and decreasing the side-effect of MTX,which may provide the reference for clinical RA treatment.  相似文献   
5.
Peculiar and unique growth mechanisms involved in semiconductor nanowires(NWs)pave the way to the achievement of new crystallographic phases and remarkable material properties,and hence,studying polytypism in semiconductor NWs arouses a strong interest for the next generation of electronic and photonic applications.In this context,the growth of ZnS nanowires has been investigated,as bulk ZnS compound exhibits numerous unstable polytypes at high temperatures,but their stable occurrence is highly anticipated in a nanowire due to its special quasi-dimensional shape and growth modes.In this work,the idea is to provide a change in the growth mechanism via the physical state of catalyst droplet(liquid or solid)and hence,study the induced structural modifications in ZnS nanowires.The HRTEM images of VLS(via liquid alloyed catalyst)grown ZnS NWs show periodic stacking faults,which is precisely identified as a stacking sequence of cubic or hexagonal individual planes leading to an astonishing 15R crystal polymorph.This crystallographic phase is observed for the first time in nanowires.Contrastingly,NWs grown with VSS(via solid catalyst)show crystal polytypes of zinc blende and wurtzite.We calculate and discuss the role of cohesive energies in the formation of such ZnS polytypes.Further,we present the selection rules for the crystallization of such 15R structure in NWs and discuss the involved VLS and VSS growth mechanisms leading to the formation of different crystal phases.  相似文献   
6.
Precursor compounds(PCs)link quantum dots(QDs)and magic-sized clusters(MSCs),which is pivotal in the conversion between QDs and MSCs.Here,for the first time,we report the transformation,synthesis,and composition of a type of ZnSe PCs.ZnSe PCs can be directly transformed to two different MSCs with the assistance of octylamine and acetic acid at room temperature.The two types of MSCs exhibit sharp absorption peaks at 299 and 328 nm which are denoted as MSC-299 and MSC-328.In the preparation of ZnSe PCs,diphenylphosphine(DPP)as an additive plays a key role which not only inhibits the thermal decomposition of Zn precursor,but also acts as a reducing agent to reduce the by-products produced in the reaction.The composition was explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra with ZnSe PC powder appeared as white powder after purifying by toluene(Tol)and methanol(MeOH).The results indicate that the molar ratio of Zn/Se is 2:1 with a molecular of?3,350 Da.Therefore,we propose that the molecular formula of ZnSe PCs is Zn32Se16.In addition,at the molecular level,the covalent bond of Zn-Se is formed in ZnSe PCs.This study offers a deeper understanding of the transformation from PCs to MSCs and for the first time proposes the composition of PCs.Meanwhile,this research provides us with a new understanding of the role of DPP in the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles.  相似文献   
7.
Recently,multivalent metal-ion batteries have attracted considerable interests on the merits of their natural abundance and multielectron redox property.However,the development of Ca-ion battery is still in their preliminary stage because of the lack of suitable electrode material.The Ca-storage performance of the existing materials is still unsatisfactory with low capacity,poor cyclic stability,as well as sloping discharge profiles,which cannot provide stable energy output.In this work,transition metal oxide Sn-doped In2O3(ITO)has been explored as the aqueous Ca-ion battery anode,which could deliver a high discharge capacity of 71.2 mAh·g-1 with an ultra-flat discharge voltage plateau.The Ca storage mechanism was revealed to be reversible conversion reaction based on ex-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterizations.A flexible aqueous Ca-ion battery was subsequently assembled with zinc hexacyanoferrate(ZnHCF)cathode and ITO anode sandwiched by hydrogel electrolyte,which could deliver a high specific capacity of 75.3 mAh·g-1 at 0.4 A·g-1 with a flat output voltage plateau at around 0.8 V.The bendable and flexible Ca-ion battery with decent voltage output will pave the way for the energy storage devices towards practical applications in flexible and wearable electronics.  相似文献   
8.
A detailed stratigraphic investigation of the intercalation mechanism when graphite electrodes are immersed inside diluted perchloric(HClO4)and sulfuric(H2SO4)electrolytes is obtained by comparing results when graphite crystals are simply immersed in the same acid solutions.By combining time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)and in-situ atomic force microscopy(AFM),we provide a picture of the chemical species involved in the intercalation reaction.The depth intensity profile of the ion signals along the electrode crystal clearly shows a more complex mechanism for the intercalation process,where the local morphology of the basal plane plays a crucial role.Solvated anions are mostly located within the first tens of nanometers of graphite,but electrolytes also diffuse inside the buried layers for hundreds of nanometers,the latter process is also aided by the presence of mesoscopic crystal defects.Residual material from the electrolyte solution was found localized in well-defined circular spots,which represent preferential interaction areas.Interestingly,blister-like micro-structures similar to those observed on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG)surface were found in the buried layers,confirming the equivalence of the chemical condition on the graphite surface and in the underneath layers.  相似文献   
9.
Strong light-matter interactions involved with photons and quasiparticles are fundamentally interesting to access the wealthy many-body physics in quantum mechanics.The emerging two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors with large exciton binding energies and strong quantum confinement allow to investigate exciton-photon coupling at elevated temperatures.Here we report room-temperature formation of Bragg polaritons in monolayer semiconductor on a dielectric mirror through the exciton-Bragg photon coupling.With the negative detuning energy of -30 meV,angle-resolved reflection signals reveal anti-crossing behaviors of lower and upper polariton branches at±18°together with the Rabi splitting of 10 meV.Meanwhile,the strengthened photoluminescence appears in the lower polariton branch right below the anti-crossing angles,indicating the presence of the characteristic bottleneck effect caused by the slowing exciton-polariton energy relaxation towards the band minimum.The extracted coupling strength is between the ones of weak and distinct strong coupling regimes,where the eigenenergy splitting induced by the moderate coupling is resolvable but not large enough to fully separate two polaritonic components.Our work develops a simplified strategy to generate exciton-polaritons in 2D semiconductors and can be further extended to probe the intriguing bosonic characteristics of these quasiparticles,such as Bose-Einstein condensation,polariton lasing and superfluidity,directly at the material surfaces.  相似文献   
10.
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy(SECCM)is increasingly applied to determine the intrinsic catalytic activity of single electrocatalyst particle.This is especially feasible if the catalyst nanoparticles are large enough that they can be found and counted in post-SECCM scanning electron microscopy images.Evidently,this becomes impossible for very small nanoparticles and hence,a catalytic current measured in one landing zone of the SECCM droplet cannot be correlated to the exact number of catalyst particles.We show,that by introducing a ruler method employing a carbon nanoelectrode decorated with a countable number of the same catalyst particles from which the catalytic activity can be determined,the activity determined using SECCM from many spots can be converted in the intrinsic catalytic activity of a certain number of catalyst nanoparticles.  相似文献   
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