一种支持分级用户访问的文件分层CP-ABE方案

文件分层的密文策略基于属性的加密（FH-CP-ABE）方案实现了同一访问策略的多层次文件加密,节省了加解密的计算开销和密文的存储开销.然而,目前的文件分层CP-ABE方案不支持分级用户访问,且存在越权访问的问题.为此,提出一种支持分级用户访问的文件分层CP-ABE方案.在所提方案中,通过构造分级用户访问树,并重新构造密文子项以支持分级用户的访问需求,同时消除用户进行越权访问的可能性.安全性分析表明,所提方案能够抵御选择明文攻击.理论分析和实验分析均表明,与相关方案相比,所提方案在计算和存储方面具有更高的效率.     

一种新的基于属性的广播签名算法

针对现有基于ABE广播签名算法的复杂性,提出了一个新的基于属性的广播签名算法。现有的基于ABE的广播网签名算法,每次通信需要传输签名认证所需的线性秘密共享矩阵M,在通信量和用户存储能力上要求很高。该文的基于属性的签名算法是在CP-ABE的基础上发展来的,但此算法使用了新的接入策略,即使用求最大公约数（GCD）的方法取消了对线性秘密共享矩阵M的需求,接收者只需计算3个双线性对即可完成签名认证。此算法降低了通信量和接收者运算复杂度,对某些能量受限的网络,如AdHoc网络,有很好的适应性。     

面向云数据库的属性基加密和查询转换中间件

针对云数据库租户隐私数据的加密和查询问题,提出并实现了一种面向云数据库的属性基加密（ABE）和查询转换服务中间件。首先,服务中间件的加解密部件对租户的对称密钥进行属性基加密,生成密文并保存;其次,服务中间件的查询转换部件对查询语句进行转换,使其可在加密后的数据库上正确执行;最后,租户的隐私数据经过对称加密后保存到云数据库。实验结果表明,与未加密数据库的数据写入和查询时间相比,加密数据库的写入时间与其相当,按照查询语句的复杂程度,查询时长增加10%~150%不等。理论分析表明,所采用的代理解密方案是安全的,与传统的基于密钥策略的属性基加密（CP-ABE）方案相比,代理解密方案在时间复杂度上更具优势。     

面向云存储的安全密文访问控制方案

存储在云端服务器中的敏感数据的保密和安全访问是云存储安全研究的重要内容.针对真实的云存储环境中云服务提供商不可信的情况,采用基于属性的加密算法,提出了一种安全、高效、细粒度的云存储密文访问控制方案.与现有方案相比,该方案在用户撤销时,通过引入广播加密技术,使得撤销用户即使和云服务提供商共谋,也不能对私钥进行更新,保证了数据的安全性;方案将大部分密文重加密和用户私钥更新工作转移给云服务提供商执行,在保证安全性的前提下,降低了数据属主的计算代价;另外该方案还可支持多用户的同时撤销.最后分析了方案的安全性和计算复杂性,并测试了用户撤销时的运行效率.     

Adsorption of butanol from aqueous solution onto a new type of macroporous adsorption resin: Studies of adsorption isotherms and kinetics simulation

BACKGROUND: Owing to the rapid depletion of petroleum fuel, the production of bio‐butanol has attracted much attention. However, low butanol productivity severely limits its potential industrial application. It is important to establish an approach for recovering low‐concentration butanol from fermentation broth. Experiments were conducted using batch adsorption mode under different conditions of initial butanol concentration and temperature. Batch adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the macropore diffusion, pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order models for kinetic study. RESULTS: The maximum adsorption capacity of butanol onto KA‐I resin increase with increasing temperature, ranged from 139.836 to 304.397 mg g^?1. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by the macropore diffusion model, which also clearly predicted the intraparticle distribution of the concentration. The effective pore diffusivity (D_p) was dependent upon temperature, but independent of initial butanol concentration, and was 0.251 × 10^?10, 0.73 × 10^?10, 1.32 × 10^?10 and 4.31 × 10^?10 m² s^?1 at 283.13, 293.13, 303.13 and 310.13 K, respectively. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that KA‐I resin is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of butanol from aqueous solutions and available for practical applications for future in situ product recovery of butanol from ABE fermentation broth. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

支持带权属性撤销的密文策略属性基加密方案

针对目前大部分密文策略属性基加密（CP-ABE）方案都不支持属性的多状态表示,加密、解密阶段计算开销庞大的问题,提出一种支持带权属性撤销的CP-ABE方案（CPABEWAR）。一方面,通过引入带权属性的概念,增强了属性的表达能力;另一方面,为了降低计算开销,在保证数据安全的情况下将部分计算过程外包给云服务提供商（CSP）。分析结果表明,所提方案基于判定双线性DH （DBDH）假设是选择明文安全的（CPS）。所提方案以增加少量存储空间为代价简化了访问树结构,提高了系统效率和访问控制的灵活性,适合计算能力受限的云用户。     

基于属性的分布式云访问控制方案

云服务中现有访问控制方案对可信第三方具有强烈依赖性。针对该问题,提出一个基于属性的分布式云访问控制方案。建立云访问控制模型,采用ABE的加密树方式构造访问控制策略,并给出用户撤销及策略更新方法。安全性分析表明,该方案能够抵抗共谋攻击,具有数据保密性以及后向前向保密性。     

生物丁醇分离技术的研究进展及发展趋势

生物基（正）丁醇是一种重要的化学品和替代燃料,其主要制备途径为糖质底物的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵。受制于发酵副产物多、溶剂浓度低、产物共沸等因素,传统的生物丁醇分离过程存在分离能耗大、成本高等问题,制约其产业化制备。为解决生物丁醇分离的技术瓶颈,近年来,应用新型分离技术实现与ABE发酵过程的耦合成为研究的热点。本文综述了生物丁醇分离技术的最新研究进展,讨论了基于汽液平衡、相转移、膜分离技术等新型分离方式的技术特点;并针对多级分离级联系统开发、面向终产物的精馏技术的新趋势、新特点进行剖析和讨论。随着分离技术的发展和进步、生物炼制工艺开发和集成,生物丁醇的制备成本可望进一步降低,提升市场竞争力。     

Biobutanol: science,engineering, and economics

Among several liquid alternative fuels, biobutanol has shown great promise because of its very similar properties to gasoline. This review provides an overview of research activities in acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation over the past two and a half decades. We have addressed seven important facets of ABE fermentation, viz. biochemistry, microbial cultures, alternative substrates, solvent recovery, fermentation mode and reactor designs, mathematical modeling, and economics. Development of mutant strains having higher yield, selectivity and tolerance to inhibition, and search for cheap alternative substrates for fermentation are most important thrust areas in biobutanol production. New and efficient processes have been developed for in situ removal and recovery of the ABE solvents. Several rigorous kinetic and physiological models for fermentation have been formulated, which form useful tool for optimization of the process. These research activities have been reviewed in this paper. Finally, we have summarized studies on the economic viability of large‐scale ABE fermentation processes employing various process designs, substrates, and microbial cultures. With the use of new strains, inexpensive substrates, and superior reactor designs, economic potential of ABE fermentation has been found to be highly attractive. Research efforts in science, engineering, and economics of ABE fermentation have brought biobutanol close to commercialization as liquid alternate fuel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.