Effect of lognormal particle size distributions on particle spreading in additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) has attracted much attention worldwide in various applications due to its convenience and flexibility to rapidly fabricate products, which is a key advantage compared to the traditional subtractive manufacturing. This discrete element method (DEM) study focusses on the impact of particle polydispersity during the particle spreading process on parameters that affect the quality of the final product, like packing and bed surface roughness. The particle systems include four lognormal particle size distribution (PSD) widths, which are benchmarked against the monodisperse system with the same mean particle diameter. The results reveal that: (i) the solid volume fraction of the initial packed particle bed in the delivery chamber increases then plateaus as the PSD width increases; (ii) regardless of PSD width, the solid volume fraction of the particle bed increases with spreading layer height before compression, but decreases with layer height after compression; (iii) the bed surface roughness increases with PSD width or layer height both before and after the compression of the spreading layer; (iv) the extent of increase in solid volume fraction during compression is correlated with the extent of decrease in bed surface roughness; and (v) the broader PSDs exhibit larger fluctuations of solid volume fraction of the particle bed and bed surface roughness due to greater variability in the arrangement of particles of different sizes. The results here have important implications on the design and operation of particle-based AM systems.     

Mechanical behavior of electrochemically hydrogenated electron beam melting (EBM) and wrought Ti–6Al–4V using small punch test

The influence of electrochemical charging of hydrogen at j = ?5 mA/cm² for 6, 12, 48 and 96 h on the structural and the mechanical behavior of wrought and electron beam melting (EBM) Ti–6Al–4V alloys containing 6 wt% β and similar impurities level was investigated. The length of the α/β interphase boundaries in the EBM alloy was larger by 34% compared to that in the wrought alloy. The small punch test (SPT) technique was used to characterize the mechanical behavior of the non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated specimens. It was found that the maximum load and the displacement at maximum load of the wrought alloy remained nearly stable after 6 h of charging, showing a maximum decrease of ～32% and 11%, respectively. Similarly, hydrogenation of the EBM alloy resulted in a gradual degradation in mechanical properties with charging time, up to ～81% and 86% in pop-in load and displacement at the “pop-in” load, respectively. The mode of fracture of the wrought alloy changed from ductile to semi-brittle with mud-cracking in all hydrogenated specimens. In contrast, the mode of fracture of the EBM alloy changed from a mixed mode ductile-brittle fracture to brittle fracture with star-like morphology. The degraded mechanical properties of the EBM alloy are attributed to its α/β lamellar microstructure which acted as a short-circuit path and enhanced hydrogen diffusion into the bulk as well as δ_a and δ_b hydride formation on the surface. In contrast, a surface layer with higher concentration of δ_a and δ_b hydrides in the wrought alloy served as a barrier to hydrogen uptake into the bulk and increased the alloy resistivity to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This study shows that EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloy is more susceptible to mechanical degradation due to HE than wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloy.     

Viscoelastic behaviors and drying kinetics of different aqueous gelcasting systems for large Nd: YAG laser ceramics rods

Large and nondeforming Nd: YAG ceramic prepared by wet forming is of great importance as gain medium to obtain high-power solid-state lasers. However, it is difficult to achieve high-quality laser ceramics due to insufficiency of the in-depth understanding of transformation mechanism of gels viscoelasticity and effective control means during drying process. In this work, the rheological behaviors, viscoelastic characteristics, and mechanical strengths in classical acrylamide (AM) and novel Isobam (PIBM) gelcastings were systematically compared to explore the suitable route for the large-sized 2% Nd: YAG transparent ceramics with high aspect ratio (>10). AM system exhibited a higher complex viscosity (1.82 × 10⁵ Pa s), a shorter gel time (92.9 seconds), and a higher flexural strength (about 24.46 MPa) than PIBM system, and especially its ability to quickly gel was beneficial to the homogeneity of green body. In addition, the order of drying rates of wet gels in four drying media was observed as follows: 55℃ hot air> ethanol> solid desiccant> PEG-11000 and the moisture diffusion coefficients were calculated and simulated to offer the deep consideration of drying kinetics. The “ethanol + 55℃ hot air” was regarded as an effective composite drying method to eliminate defect and to achieve φ8 mm × 160 mm Nd: YAG ceramic with the in-line transmittance of 83% @1064 nm. Therefore, not only the cognition of gel process, but also the defects control strategy is proposed. More importantly, this work greatly promotes the application of wet forming and laser ceramics in high-power lasers.     

AM用盘式刹车片生产线设备配套研究

介绍了AM用盘式刹车片生产线设备配套方案及相应研发检测设备,指出此类生产线已在实践中应用,具有实用性和先进性,可供盘式刹车片生产厂家参考。     

宽带信号数字解调在SystemView上的仿真

AM解调动态仿真系统在SystemView中建立.其发送端把原始信号频谱调制到70MHz中频的2MHz宽带信号.接收端经两次频率转换和中频采样与DDC正交数字下变频,把带宽信号解调到基带信号,得到相互正交信号.采样后的数字信号在数字域作抽样率转换,得到新的抽样,然后插值重采样,最后得到10MHz采样率.仿真结果表明数字解调中频信号能恢复出原始信号.     

AM扩底灌注桩桩身应变测试

采用高精度滑动测微计测试AM扩底桩在各级荷载下的桩身应变,测试精度高,测试结果可靠。由应变测试结果推算出桩身端阻力及摩阻力,较好地为AM扩底桩在武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥铁路引桥工程中的推广应用提供了设计依据。     

载波泄漏型硬件木马芯片设计

针对集成电路在初始设计和后续生产等环节中存在的安全隐患,设计一种泄密型硬件木马芯片,使芯片能够在进行加密的同时将密钥传送出来。研究芯片硬件木马实现的基本方法,在现有的商用FPGA平台上植入木马,通过载波的方式泄露密钥。结果表明:该设计能在使用者毫不知情的情况下,利用硬件攻击获取秘密信息。对于进一步认识芯片硬件木马攻击实现机理,警示集成电路芯片安全具有一定的作用。     

FPGA-based test bed for measurement of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion and modeling memory effects in RF PAs

Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board, a digital signal processor (DSP) builder, and the phase-to-amplitude conversion principle, a low-cost system for measuring the amplitude-to-amplitude (AM/AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM/PM) distortion curves of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. The state of the art based on the measurements and preliminary studies of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion curves is discussed. A full digital control of the test bed simulated/emulated in Matlab/Simulink is introduced to recalculate the known AM/AM and AM/PM measurements stored as look-up table (LUT). Finally, the low-cost system comprises the memory polynomial model (MPM) that involves the nonlinearity order and memory effects of real PAs.     

单点嵌入式广播监测系统设计研究

广播信号监测一直以来都很重要,掌握专业的监测技术来实现监测系统并满足五七三台日常监测需求就变得十分有意义.以往的监测系统核心监测点大都采用价格昂贵的专业测试仪器,从监测的角度看有一些价值浪费.探讨了广播信号监测的技术需求,在此基础上研究了如何高性价比地利用业已成熟的监测卡产品实现单点广播信号监测系统设计,并分析了整机性能指标.